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Approach for natural gas to be a primary energy source in China

Weihe HUANG, Jindian CHEN, Chuan FU, Yan HUANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 467-476 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0068-6

摘要： This work reveals the positioning of natural gas in the evolution of world energy and the general law of its development. In the long-term adjustment of energy structure, natural gas has gradually become the primary energy source because of five factors: policy, resources, technology, facilities, and market. To expedite the revolution of energy production and consumption, China must urgently expand the use of natural gas toward a more positive role in complementing coal and renewable energy and prioritize its usage in three areas, namely, urban gas, power generation, and industrial fuel. Natural gas is expected to account for approximately 15% of China’s total energy consumption in the future. For natural gas to be the primary energy, the exploitation of gas resources must be expanded, resource access must be improved, a flexible trade system must be set up, infrastructure investment must be increased, and the security system must be enhanced.

关键词： natural gas energy revolution primary energy utilization areas approaching means

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Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

Jincheng XING,Junjie CHEN,Jihong LING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 217-230 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z

摘要： With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/(m ·a) and 64.25 kWh/(m ·a), respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%–37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%–79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self-contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/(m ·a) and 77.5 kWh/(m ·a) can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.

关键词： schools energy consumption index primary energy energy saving regression analysis

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Evaluation of power regeneration in primary suspension for a railway vehicle

Ruichen WANG, Zhiwei WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第2期页码 265-278 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0571-9

摘要： To improve the fuel economy of rail vehicles, this study presents the feasibility of using power regenerating dampers (PRDs) in the primary suspension systems of railway vehicles and evaluates the potential and recoverable power that can be obtained. PRDs are configured as hydraulic electromagnetic-based railway primary vertical dampers and evaluated in parallel and series modes (with and without a viscous damper). Hydraulic configuration converts the linear behavior of the track into a unidirectional rotation of the generator, and the electromagnetic configuration provides a controllable damping force to the primary suspension system. In several case studies, generic railway vehicle primary suspension systems that are configured to include a PRD in the two configuration modes are modeled using computer simulations. The simulations are performed on measured tracks with typical irregularities for a generic UK passenger route. The performance of the modified vehicle is evaluated with respect to key performance indicators, including regenerated power, ride comfort, and running safety. Results indicate that PRDs can simultaneously replace conventional primary vertical dampers, regenerate power, and exhibit desirable dynamic performance. A peak power efficiency of 79.87% is theoretically obtained in series mode on a top-quality German Intercity Express track (Track 270) at a vehicle speed of 160 mile/h (~257 km/h).

关键词： railway vehicle primary damper power regeneration ride comfort running safety

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Lack of CFAP54 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia in a mouse model and human patients

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期页码 1236-1249 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0997-7

摘要： Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a highly heterogeneous recessive inherited disorder. FAP54, the homolog of CFAP54 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was previously demonstrated as the C1d projection of the central microtubule apparatus of flagella. A Cfap54 knockout mouse model was then reported to have PCD-relevant phenotypes. Through whole-exome sequencing, compound heterozygous variants c.2649_2657delinC (p. E883Dfs*47) and c.7312_7313insCGCAGGCTGAATTCTTGG (p. T2438delinsTQAEFLA) in a new suspected PCD-relevant gene, CFAP54, were identified in an individual with PCD. Two missense variants, c.4112A>C (p. E1371A) and c.6559C>T (p. P2187S), in CFAP54 were detected in another unrelated patient. In this study, a minigene assay was conducted on the frameshift mutation showing a reduction in mRNA expression. In addition, a CFAP54 in-frame variant knock-in mouse model was established, which recapitulated the typical symptoms of PCD, including hydrocephalus, infertility, and mucus accumulation in nasal sinuses. Correspondingly, two missense variants were deleterious, with a dramatic reduction in mRNA abundance from bronchial tissue and sperm. The identification of PCD-causing variants of CFAP54 in two unrelated patients with PCD for the first time provides strong supportive evidence that CFAP54 is a new PCD-causing gene. This study further helps expand the disease-associated gene spectrum and improve genetic testing for PCD diagnosis in the future.

关键词： primary ciliary dyskinesia CFAP54 cilia

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Dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 deficiency causes primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans and mice

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 957-971 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0988-8

摘要： Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a congenital, motile ciliopathy with pleiotropic symptoms. Although nearly 50 causative genes have been identified, they only account for approximately 70% of definitive PCD cases. Dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 (DNAH10) encodes a subunit of the inner arm dynein heavy chain in motile cilia and sperm flagella. Based on the common axoneme structure of motile cilia and sperm flagella, DNAH10 variants are likely to cause PCD. Using exome sequencing, we identified a novel DNAH10 homozygous variant (c.589C > T, p.R197W) in a patient with PCD from a consanguineous family. The patient manifested sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and asthenoteratozoospermia. Immunostaining analysis showed the absence of DNAH10 and DNALI1 in the respiratory cilia, and transmission electron microscopy revealed strikingly disordered axoneme 9+2 architecture and inner dynein arm defects in the respiratory cilia and sperm flagella. Subsequently, animal models of Dnah10-knockin mice harboring missense variants and Dnah10-knockout mice recapitulated the phenotypes of PCD, including chronic respiratory infection, male infertility, and hydrocephalus. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report DNAH10 deficiency related to PCD in human and mouse models, which suggests that DNAH10 recessive mutation is causative of PCD.

关键词： DNAH10 mice motile cilia mutation primary ciliary dyskinesia

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Effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western therapy on primary hepatic carcinoma: a

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 191-202 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0512-0

摘要：

Primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is a common malignant tumor in China. Cancer is comprehensively treated with various therapeutic regimes, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM has been widely used to improve the quality of life, delay the time of cancer progression, and prolong the median survival time. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of TCM combined with Western therapy on primary hepatic carcinoma. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in six databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wan-Fang Database, CBM, PubMed, and Cochrane library. A total of 44 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 3429 participants suffering from PHC were selected. Meta-analysis results indicated that the overall effect of TCM and Western integrative treatment on PHC was higher than that of Western intervention alone, which can postpone tumor recurrence and metastasis and prolong the overall survival time of patients with PHC. Although the obtained evidence remained weak because of the poor methodological quality of the included studies, this review provided relevant data supporting the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with Western therapies. In future research, individual RCT studies should incorporate accepted standards for trial design and reporting, proper outcome indicators according to international standards, blinding in allocation concealment, and valid follow-up periods.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine primary hepatic carcinoma meta-analysis

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Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: an update

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 60-64 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0246-6

摘要：

Digital clubbing, which has been recognized as a sign of systemic disease, is one of the most ancient diseases. However, the pathogenesis of clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy has hitherto been poorly understood. The study of a clinically indistinguishable idiopathic form (primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, PHO) provides an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Current advances in the study of PHO are discussed. The impaired metabolism of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a central role in its pathogenesis.

关键词： digital clubbing primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

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Tuning the primary selective nanochannels of MOF thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes for

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1474-7

摘要：

• PA layer properties tune the primary nanochannels in MIL-101(Cr) TFN NF membranes.

关键词： Porous metal organic framework Thin-film nanocomposite membrane Primary selective nanochannels Nanofiltration Endocrine disrupting compounds

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Case report of neurofibromatosis type 1 combined with primary ciliary dyskinesia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 933-937 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0860-7

摘要： Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic disease in which the lungs are rarely involved. However, in NF cases with lung involvement, chest computed tomography may show bilateral basal reticulations, apical bullae, and cysts without bronchiectasis. Herein, we report a patient diagnosed with NF on the basis of the results of genetic testing who presented with early-onset wet cough and bronchiectasis. Considering the differential diagnosis of bronchiectasis combined with his early-onset wet cough, sinusitis, and sperm quality decline, we considered the possibility of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Further electron microscopy analysis of cilia and identification of homozygous mutations in the RSPH4A gene confirmed the diagnosis of PCD. Therefore, for patients with NF, when an image change exists in the lungs that does not correspond to NF, the possibility of other diagnoses, including PCD, must be considered.

关键词： primary ciliary dyskinesia neurofibromatosis bronchiectasis transmission electron microscopy genetic sequencing

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低碳能源系统中能源利用技术现状及展望

张川,胡沛裕 ,殷格格,严武斌,许石炜,曹洳铭,冯轶楠,赵铭生,杨雷,金之钧

《中国工程科学》 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.04.008

摘要：

能源系统脱碳是实现碳中和的关键，开展能源系统低碳转型需要在一次能源供应、能源加工与转化、能源终端消费等方面大规模地运用低碳能源技术。本文从低碳能源系统优化分析的角度出发，按照一次能源、二次能源、终端用能的分类，梳理了各类能源利用技术的发展现状并展望了未来趋势，进一步分析了能源利用技术在我国低碳能源系统中的应用前景与布局挑战。研究认为：太阳能发电、风力发电作为增长最快的可再生能源类型，将在能源供给环节持续发挥重要作用；生物质利用需要系统评估各类转换技术，促成生物质资源的跨行业优化分配；氢能、储能等二次能源亟需突破材料、性能、寿命等方面的技术瓶颈，追求低的系统成本与规模化应用；终端用能技术未来将以电气化为核心，依赖输配电系统的安全稳定转型与有效扩容。未来的能源系统低碳转型还需关注不同能源技术的协调发展，妥善处理技术因素与市场、制度、社会等非技术因素的协同关系，推动能源系统加速脱碳。

关键词：能源系统；低碳转型；一次能源；二次能源；终端用能；电气化；非技术因素

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Analysis of the genomic landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 889-906 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0994-x

摘要： Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with poor prognosis. This study aimed to depict the genetic landscape of Chinese PCNSLs. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 68 newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSL samples, whose genomic characteristics and clinicopathologic features were also analyzed. Structural variations were identified in all patients with a mean of 349, which did not significantly influence prognosis. Copy loss occurred in all samples, while gains were detected in 77.9% of the samples. The high level of copy number variations was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 263 genes mutated in coding regions were identified, including 6 newly discovered genes (ROBO2, KMT2C, CXCR4, MYOM2, BCLAF1, and NRXN3) detected in ≥ 10% of the cases. CD79B mutation was significantly associated with lower PFS, TMSB4X mutation and high expression of TMSB4X protein was associated with lower OS. A prognostic risk scoring system was also established for PCNSL, which included Karnofsky performance status and six mutated genes (BRD4, EBF1, BTG1, CCND3, STAG2, and TMSB4X). Collectively, this study comprehensively reveals the genomic landscape of newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSLs, thereby enriching the present understanding of the genetic mechanisms of PCNSL.

关键词： primary central nervous system lymphoma whole-genome sequencing TMSB4X copy number variation gene mutation

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Diagnostic evaluation of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism

ZHANG Huilan, WANG Daowen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 11-14 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0003-4

摘要： Using the plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio (PAC/PRA ratio) as the screening test of choice for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients, we studied the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic value of PAC/PRA ratio in primary aldosteronism. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 902 hypertensive patients from out-patient clinics or hospitals. One hundred and twenty-six suspected primary aldosteronism patients whose PAC/PRA ratio was > 25 ng/dL/ng/mL/hr had a lamellar computed tomography (CT) scan in the adrenal gland and follow-up visits. The proportion of primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients was 14% (126/902). There were 54 patients with unilateral or bilateral hyperplasia and 25 patients with adenoma according to the CT scan. 39% (49/126) of the patients with primary aldosteronism had hypokalemia. Twenty-five patients received surgical treatment. The efficacy and cure rates were 100% (25/25) and 48% (12/25), respectively. The effective rate of aldactone and the single-drug cure rate were 89% (48/54) and 24% (13/54), respectively. Primary aldosteronism affects over 10% of hypertensive patients in China. The PAC/PRA ratio can be considered as a routine screening test in hypertensives, especially resistant hypertensive patients and a high PAC/PRA ratio is an invaluable index in primary aldosteronism diagnosis.

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Primary cilia in hard tissue development and diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 657-678 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0829-6

摘要： Bone and teeth are hard tissues. Hard tissue diseases have a serious effect on human survival and quality of life. Primary cilia are protrusions on the surfaces of cells. As antennas, they are distributed on the membrane surfaces of almost all mammalian cell types and participate in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis. Mutations in cilium-related genes result in a variety of developmental and even lethal diseases. Patients with multiple ciliary gene mutations present overt changes in the skeletal system, suggesting that primary cilia are involved in hard tissue development and reconstruction. Furthermore, primary cilia act as sensors of external stimuli and regulate bone homeostasis. Specifically, substances are trafficked through primary cilia by intraflagellar transport, which affects key signaling pathways during hard tissue development. In this review, we summarize the roles of primary cilia in long bone development and remodeling from two perspectives: primary cilia signaling and sensory mechanisms. In addition, the cilium-related diseases of hard tissue and the manifestations of mutant cilia in the skeleton and teeth are described. We believe that all the findings will help with the intervention and treatment of related hard tissue genetic diseases.

关键词： primary cilia bone mechanical sensing hard tissue cilium-related bone disease tooth

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Health: a dream from reality to the future

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 233-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0444-0

摘要：

This paper argues that health is a realistic productive force that may enhance the index of happiness. As the basis of all developments and the source of a person’s and his/her family’s happiness, health requires not only primary and secondary prevention, but also policy prevention, that is to say, grade-zero prevention. Therefore, people should pay more attention to Health in All Policies. As a new preventive strategy, the policy prevention will help improve people’s health significantly and promote the concepts of “Healthy China” and “the Chinese Dream” or “the World Dream” to realize a dream from reality to the future.

关键词： health promotion primary and secondary prevention policy prevention infectious disease non-communicable disease

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β-Cyclodextrin promoted oxidation of primary amines to nitriles in water

Dongpo SHI, Hongbing JI, Zhong LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 196-200 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0051-6

摘要： A facile, efficient and substrate-selective oxidation of the primary amines with NaClO as oxidant catalyzed by cyclodextrin ( CD) has been developed in water for the first time, and the behavior of cyclodextrin that catalyzed the primary amines to nitriles in water was investigated. It was found that the primary amines which could form host-guest complexes with cyclodextrin were oxidized to nitriles with excellent yields at ambient temperature. The results show that cyclodextrin worked not only as a solubilizing agent but also as a catalyst in these reactions.

关键词： substrate-selective amines oxidation β-cyclodextrin