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Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 279-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017151

摘要： Sheep are one of the most economically important domesticated animals for human society. However, genetic improvements for the key traits associated with meat, growth, milk, wool, reproduction, horns and tails progress slowly using conventional crossbreeding methods. With the development and utilization of high-throughput screening technologies over the last decade, a list of functional genes and genetic variants associated with these traits has been identified. This review covers recent genome-wide studies on sheep productive traits using high-throughput screening technologies, including those based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants at the whole-genome level (e.g., genome-wide association studies), transcriptome and DNA methylation sequences. Additionally, comprehensive information on functional genes and genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep is provided.

关键词： sheep high-throughput screening productive traits genome-wide studies

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Neural Operation Management: A New Avenue for Productive and Military Operations

Qing-guo Ma

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 304-307 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014039

摘要： An important effect of technological progress is the increasing replacement of manual labor by mental labor in productive and military operations. The variation of the operator’s capabilities in cognition, judgment and decision-making has drawn much attention from operation management researchers. Monitoring and evaluation of these capabilities is especially significant in conditions such as long-time operation, operation with special properties and operation under special circumstances. The military power and economic power are both the key concerns for a nation. The military power depends not only on the weapon system, but also the operators’ capabilities of manipulating the system. Similarly, the economic power is not only dependent on advanced machine system, but also the operational capability of the operators. Thus it has become a hot field of research and practice to monitor and assess the operator’s physiological and psychological states online based on neural measurement technology, and then to give real time intervention, so as to reduce the occurrence of accidents and increase the operation performance.

关键词： operation management productive operation military operation neural operation management neuromanagement

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Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 289-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017155

摘要： Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago, thousands of years later than other domestic animals; however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using marker-assisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci (3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:232597 32) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.

关键词： horse coat color racing performance gait height

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Imaging technologies for plant high-throughput phenotyping: a review

Yong ZHANG, Naiqian ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 406-419 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018242

摘要：

Phenomics studies a variety of phenotypic plant traits and is the key to understanding genetic functions and environmental effects on plants. With the rapid development of genomics, many plant phenotyping platforms have been developed to study complex traits related to the growth, yield, and adaptation to biotic or abiotic stress, but the ability to acquire high-throughput phenotypic data has become the bottleneck in the study of plant genomics. In recent years, researchers around the world have conducted extensive experiments and research on high-throughput, image-based phenotyping techniques, including visible light imaging, fluorescence imaging, thermal imaging, spectral imaging, stereo imaging, and tomographic imaging. This paper considers imaging technologies developed in recent years for high-throughput phenotyping, reviews applications of these technologies in detecting and measuring plant morphological, physiological, and pathological traits, and compares their advantages and limitations.

关键词： high-throughput phenotyping imaging technology morphological traits pathological traits physiological traits

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Effects of previous drying of sediment on root functional traits and rhizoperformance of emerged macrophytes

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1427-1

摘要：

• Sediment desiccation alters morphological characteristics of aquatic sediment.

关键词： Fibrous-root macrophytes Thick-root macrophytes Nutrients removal Wet sediment Dried-rewetted sediment

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A genome-wide association study of five meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs

Qian DONG,Huiying LIU,Xinyun LI,Wei WEI,Shuhong ZHAO,Jianhua CAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 137-143 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014014

摘要： Meat quality is an important trait in the pig industry. To identify genomic regions and haplotype blocks responsible for meat quality traits in pigs, a genome-wide association study was conducted for five traits including intramuscular fat content, pH at 45 min and 24 h, drip loss within 24 h and water-holding capacity in 231 Yorkshire barrows using illumina porcine 60k SNP chips. The results showed that a total of 344 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were significantly associated with five meat quality traits ( <1×10 ). Moreover, 323 SNPs were within the reported QTL regions, of which 21 were novel. Also, 158 SNPs fell into the proximal region of meat quality related genes. In addition, 25 haplotype blocks based on 116 SNPs were revealed with SNP combination patterns for five traits. Our study added new SNP information for identification of meat quality traits in pigs and will help elucidate the mechanisms of meat quality in pigs.

关键词： Pig GWAS meat quality trait SNP

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Transformer2 proteins protect breast cancer cells from accumulating replication stress by ensuring productive

Andrew Best,Katherine James,Gerald Hysenaj,Alison Tyson-Capper,David J. Elliott

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 186-195 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1540-4

摘要： Increased expression levels of the RNA splicing regulator Transformer2 (abbreviated Tra2 ) have been reported in several types of cancer. Recent work has revealed an intimate cross-regulation between Tra2 and the highly similar Tra2 protein in human breast cancer cells, though these two proteins are encoded by separate genes created by a gene duplication that occurred over 500 million years ago. This cross-regulation involves splicing control of a special class of exons, called poison exons. Down-regulation of Tra2 reduces splicing inclusion of a poison exon in the mRNA encoding Tra2 , thereby up-regulating Tra2 protein expression. This buffers any splicing changes that might be caused by individual depletion of Tra2 alone. Discovery of this cross-regulation pathway, and its by-pass by joint depletion of both human Tra2 proteins, revealed Tra2 proteins are essential for breast cancer cell viability, and led to the identification of important targets for splicing control. These exons include a critical exon within the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) gene that plays a crucial function in the protection of cancer cells from replication stress. Breast cancer cells depleted for Tra2 proteins have reduced CHK1 protein levels and accumulate DNA damage. These data suggest Tra2 proteins and/or their splicing targets as possible cancer drug targets.

关键词： RNA splicing gene expression breast cancer DNA damage CHK1

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BULKED SEGREGANT RNA SEQUENCING (BSR-SEQ) IDENTIFIES A NOVEL ALLELE ASSOCIATED WITH WEEPING TRAITS IN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Weeping species are used both as ornamental plants and for breeding dwarf plant types. However, exploration of casual genes controlling weeping traits is rather limited. Here, we identified individuals with contrasting phenotypes from an F₁ bi-parental mapping population of Prunus mume which was developed from a cross between the upright cultivar ‘Liuban’ and the weeping cultivar ‘Fentai Chuizhi’. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was used and five QTLs on Chromosome 7 were identified. The Pm024074(PmUGT72B3) allele, belonging to the UDP-glycosyltransferase superfamily containing the coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase domain, was identified in a genomic region overlapping with a previously identified QTL, and had a synonymous transition of T⁶⁶(upright) to C (weeping) in the coding sequence and a 470-bp deletion in the promoter region. Pm024074 had exceptionally high expression in buds and stems of weeping P. mume. Weighted correlation network analysis indicates that genes neighboring Pm024074 were significantly associated with plant architecture. In addition, a reliable single nucleotide polymorphism marker was developed based on the variation in the Pm024074 gene, providing precise marker-assisted breeding for weeping traits. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism governing the weeping trait in P. mume, and indicates potential applications for the manipulation of tree architecture.

关键词： BSR-seq / PmUGT72B3 / Prunus mume / UDP-glycosyltransferase / weeping shoots / WGCNA

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Research on overlaying welding rod of high hardness maraging steel

PAN Yong-ming, CHEN Shao-wei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 465-467 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0060-9

摘要： The development of new maraging steel overlaying welding rod, which contains Co, Mo, W and V alloy, solved the problems of poor homogeneity of hardness and mechanical process, prolonged the service life of wear-resistant components and increased the productive efficiency of repairing, greatly benefiting the national economy.

关键词： development productive efficiency national homogeneity mechanical

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BULKED SEGREGANT RNA SEQUENCING (BSR-SEQ) IDENTIFIES A NOVEL ALLELE ASSOCIATED WITH WEEPING TRAITS IN

Xiaokang ZHUO, Tangchun ZHENG, Zhiyong ZHANG, Suzhen LI, Yichi ZHANG, Lidan SUN, Weiru YANG, Jia WANG, Tangren CHENG, Qixiang ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 196-214 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020379

摘要： Weeping species are used both as ornamental plants and for breeding dwarf plant types. However, exploration of casual genes controlling weeping traits is rather limited. Here, we identified individuals with contrasting phenotypes from an F bi-parental mapping population of which was developed from a cross between the upright cultivar ‘Liuban’ and the weeping cultivar ‘Fentai Chuizhi’. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was used and five QTLs on Chromosome 7 were identified. The ( ) allele, belonging to the UDP-glycosyltransferase superfamily containing the coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase domain, was identified in a genomic region overlapping with a previously identified QTL, and had a synonymous transition of T (upright) to C (weeping) in the coding sequence and a 470-bp deletion in the promoter region. had exceptionally high expression in buds and stems of weeping . Weighted correlation network analysis indicates that genes neighboring were significantly associated with plant architecture. In addition, a reliable single nucleotide polymorphism marker was developed based on the variation in the gene, providing precise marker-assisted breeding for weeping traits. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism governing the weeping trait in , and indicates potential applications for the manipulation of tree architecture.

关键词： BSR-seq PmUGT72B3 Prunus mume UDP-glycosyltransferase weeping shoots WGCNA

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面向热带地区植物修复的植物性状研究 Article

Xiangting Cleo Chen, Liling Huang, Tze Hsien Agnes Chang, Bee Lian Ong, Say Leong Ong, Jiangyong Hu

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 841-848 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.019

摘要：

水是一种有限而宝贵的资源。新加坡的国家水源有4种补给方式，其中之一是自然降水。雨水径流会收集污染物，并将其富集到排水系统和水库中。在当地雨水径流中发现的主要富营养污染物包括硝酸盐和磷酸盐，这些富营养污染物可能导致富营养化。在有植物存在的情况下，生物滞留系统可以有效去除这些污染物。本文探讨了植物特性对雨水径流中营养性污染物的植物修复作用，并将其应用于生物防护系统中。所研究的植物物种在叶绿素含量、叶片绿色的浓度、生物量的产生以及硝酸盐和磷酸盐去除方面表现出了差异。一般而言，干生物量与硝酸盐和磷酸盐的去除程度相关（r = 0.339~0.501）。本地树种的根、叶和总干生物量显示出与硝酸盐去除程度之间的中等至强相关性（r 分别为0.811、0.657和0.727）。速生植物的叶片干生物量与两种污染物的去除程度也显示出中等至强相关性（r 分别为0.707和0.609）。低生长植株的根系生物量与磷的去除有很强的相关性（r = 0.707），但与硝酸盐去除的相关性较弱（r = 0.557）。这些结果对于选择用于生物滞留系统的植物是有价值的。

关键词：氮磷植物性状生物保留系统雨水热带植物富营养污染物本土植物

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信息网络——现代信息工程学的前沿

钟义信

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 24-29

摘要：

信息网络正在各地迅猛崛起，并以史所罕见的规模和速度生长成为世界性社会基础结构，深刻地改变着人们的生产方式、工作方式、学习方式、交往方式、生活方式和思维方式，成为工程学界以至整个社会普遍关注的集点、热点和前沿。文章旨在从理论上廓清信息网络的概念，阐明为什么信息网络对于科学技术的进步、对于世界经济和人类社会的发展能够产生如此巨大和深远的作用与影响。在此基础上，论述信息网络在现代工程学中的作用与地位，以及信息网络工程学在当前的主要研究内容和方向。

关键词：信息网络智能化社会生产工具网络时代信息网络工程学

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清洁燃料生产技术的新进展

李大东,蒋福康

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 6-14

摘要：

概述了我国汽、柴油生产特点及质量现状和差距，指明了当今汽、柴油质量发展趋势和清洁燃料生产技术开发应用的原则，简要介绍了我国清洁汽、柴油生产技术的新进展。

关键词：清洁燃料质量标准汽油柴油生产技术进展

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impacts on sludge fermentation: Focusing on the particular metabolic processes and microbial genetic traits

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1527-6

摘要：

• The promoting effects for VFA generation follow the order of APG>SDBS>HTAB.

关键词： Waste activated sludge (WAS) Volatile fatty acids (VFA) Surfactant types Functional microorganisms Metabolic activity upregulation

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重大装备研发成果转化为生产力的理论与实践

张晓鲁

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第8期页码 50-54

摘要：

从发电企业的科技研发与工程应用特点着手，阐述了重大装备研发成果转化为生产力的理论分析和组织方法。作者面对广泛存在的科技研发到成果应用旷日持久、难以推进的普遍问题，推行“用户主导，产学研联合”，“以示范工程的商业化实施为导向、以工程项目管理的责任体系为前提、集中全国的优势力量联合攻关，形成企业负责，研究机构支撑”的重大装备研发管理思路，探索了“研发与推广同步”的成果推广模式。用2个案例阐述了这种科研管理方法取得的成效，其中“超超临界燃煤发电技术”在电力发展中得到广泛应用，成为我国新建大型燃煤电厂的首选技术；“火电机组空冷系统研发与工程示范”项目解决了我国北方地区发电厂的节水问题。笔者还剖析了在科研成果所属权和成果认定过程中存在的问题，并提出了相应建议。

关键词：研发重大装备产学研联合成果转化管理

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标题作者时间类型操作

Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

期刊论文

Neural Operation Management: A New Avenue for Productive and Military Operations

Qing-guo Ma

期刊论文

Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

期刊论文

Imaging technologies for plant high-throughput phenotyping: a review

Yong ZHANG, Naiqian ZHANG

期刊论文

Effects of previous drying of sediment on root functional traits and rhizoperformance of emerged macrophytes

期刊论文

A genome-wide association study of five meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs

Qian DONG,Huiying LIU,Xinyun LI,Wei WEI,Shuhong ZHAO,Jianhua CAO

期刊论文

Transformer2 proteins protect breast cancer cells from accumulating replication stress by ensuring productive

Andrew Best,Katherine James,Gerald Hysenaj,Alison Tyson-Capper,David J. Elliott

期刊论文

BULKED SEGREGANT RNA SEQUENCING (BSR-SEQ) IDENTIFIES A NOVEL ALLELE ASSOCIATED WITH WEEPING TRAITS IN

期刊论文

Research on overlaying welding rod of high hardness maraging steel

PAN Yong-ming, CHEN Shao-wei

期刊论文

BULKED SEGREGANT RNA SEQUENCING (BSR-SEQ) IDENTIFIES A NOVEL ALLELE ASSOCIATED WITH WEEPING TRAITS IN

Xiaokang ZHUO, Tangchun ZHENG, Zhiyong ZHANG, Suzhen LI, Yichi ZHANG, Lidan SUN, Weiru YANG, Jia WANG, Tangren CHENG, Qixiang ZHANG

期刊论文

面向热带地区植物修复的植物性状研究

Xiangting Cleo Chen, Liling Huang, Tze Hsien Agnes Chang, Bee Lian Ong, Say Leong Ong, Jiangyong Hu

期刊论文

信息网络——现代信息工程学的前沿

钟义信

期刊论文

清洁燃料生产技术的新进展

李大东,蒋福康

期刊论文

impacts on sludge fermentation: Focusing on the particular metabolic processes and microbial genetic traits

期刊论文

重大装备研发成果转化为生产力的理论与实践

张晓鲁

期刊论文

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