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The Mode of Urban Renewal Base on the Smart City Theory under the Background of New Urbanization

Yi-hua Mao,Hong-yu Li,Qin-rui Xu

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第3期   页码 261-265 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015035

摘要: The Smart City, coordinated development of economy, ecology and society, is the future of cities. Urban renewal is an important way to build the Smart City. Based on the Smart City theory, the authors propose the “12345” model of urban renewal, which means developing a tailored proposal of the city and citizen, and building “one city management system, two supporting safeguard measures, three information infrastructure platforms, four urban management modes, and five application service systems.” The city will gain the ability of self-adjustment and self-improvement. Smart urban renewal model not only solves the problems of the city at this stage, but also promotes the all-round development of the city, and access to sustainable development.

关键词: urban renewal     smart city     self-adjustment     self-improvement     mode    

Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 378-390 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0357-8

摘要: Energy consumption is a major cause of air pollution in Beijing, and the adjustment of the energy structure is of strategic importance to the reduction of carbon intensity and the improvement of air quality. In this paper, we explored the future trend of energy structure adjustment in Beijing till 2020, designed five energy scenarios focusing on the fuel substitution in power plants and heating sectors, established emission inventories, and utilized the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to evaluate the impact of these measures on air quality. By implementing this systematic energy structure adjustment, the emissions of PM , PM , SO , NO , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) will decrease distinctly by 34.0%, 53.2%, 78.3%, 47.0%, and 30.6% respectively in the most coal-intensive scenario of 2020 compared with 2005. Correspondingly, MM5-Models-3/CMAQ simulations indicate significant reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants, implying that energy structure adjustment can play an important role in improving Beijing’s air quality. By fuel substitution for power plants and heating boilers, PM , PM , SO , NO , and NMVOCs will be reduced further, but slightly by 1.7%, 4.5%, 11.4%, 13.5%, and 8.8% respectively in the least coal-intensive scenario. The air quality impacts of different scenarios in 2020 resemble each other, indicating that the potential of air quality improvement due to structure adjustment in power plants and heating sectors is limited. However, the CO emission is 10.0% lower in the least coal-intensive scenario than in the most coal-intensive one, contributing to Beijing’s ambition to build a low carbon city. Except for energy structure adjustment, it is necessary to take further measures to ensure the attainment of air quality standards.

关键词: Beijing     energy structure adjustment     air quality     Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ)     scenario    

Optimization of aero-engine pipeline for avoiding vibration based on length adjustment of straight-line

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第1期   页码 11-11 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0667-x

摘要: In the design and troubleshooting of aero-engine pipeline, the vibration reduction of the pipeline system is often achieved by adjusting the hoop layout, provided that the shape of pipeline remains unchanged. However, in reality, the pipeline system with the best antivibration performance may be obtained only by adjusting the pipeline shape. In this paper, a typical spatial pipeline is taken as the research object, the length of straight-line segment is taken as the design variable, and an innovative optimization method of avoiding vibration of aero-engine pipeline is proposed. The relationship between straight-line segment length and parameters that determine the geometric characteristics of the pipeline, such as the position of key reference points, bending angle, and hoop position, are derived in detail. Based on this, the parametric finite element model of the pipeline system is established. Taking the maximum first-order natural frequency of pipeline as the optimization objective and introducing process constraints and vibration avoidance constraints, the optimization model of the pipeline system is established. The genetic algorithm and the golden section algorithm are selected to solve the optimization model, and the relevant solution procedure is described in detail. Finally, two kinds of pipelines with different total lengths are selected to carry out a case study. Based on the analysis of the influence of straight-line segment length on the vibration characteristics of the pipeline system, the optimization methods developed in this paper are demonstrated. Results show that the developed optimization method can obtain the optimal single value or interval of the straight-line segment length while avoiding the excitation frequency. In addition, the optimization efficiency of the golden section algorithm is remarkably higher than that of the genetic algorithm for length optimization of a single straight-line segment.

关键词: length adjustment     spatial pipeline     aero-engine     vibration avoidance optimization     genetic algorithm     golden section algorithm    

制造业体制机制改革与政策调整

“中国制造业体制机制改革与政策调整研究”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第7期   页码 37-40

摘要:

中国制造业的发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。目前中国制造业转型升级进入了改革深水期和关键机遇期,但中国制造从大国走向强国还面临体制机制障碍和政策的不完善,亟需进行制造业体制机制改革和政策调整。中国制造业体制机制改革要以新型工业化为引领,坚持市场化方向,释放制造领域劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本的活力。借鉴制造强国发展的经验与启示,未来我国应进一步完善市场竞争政策、金融政策、财政和税收政策、创新政策、人才政策、中小企业政策、对外开放政策,为制造业的发展创造良好的市场环境和制度环境。

关键词: 制造业发展;国际经验;体制机制改革;政策调整    

Industrial Structure Adjustment of Shaanxi Province under the Limited Water Resources Condition

Xiao-jun Liu,Zhen-yu Guo,Chao Ding,Han-liang Fu

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第4期   页码 378-384 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014057

摘要: Shaanxi Province is a region poor of water resources in China, and the lack of water resources is becoming a key factor which restricts the social and economic development of Shaanxi Province. In the perspective of efficient utilization of water resources, Shaanxi Province is committed to the transformation of the economic growth and the industrial structure, and treats these measures as important guarantees for the future development of Shaanxi Province. This paper focuses on building multi-objective programming model of industrial structure optimization under the limited water resources condition, indicates the direction of the industrial transformation and water consumption structural adjustment by solving the model, and furthermore points out the key factors that affect the development of Shaanxi Province in the future. Finally, the authors give some advices of promoting the reasonable and effective utilization of water resources of Shaanxi Province.

关键词: water resources     capacity of water resources     industrial transformation     multi-objective programming    

新时期我国农业结构调整战略研究

罗其友, 刘洋, 唐华俊, 周振亚, 尤飞, 高明杰

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第5期   页码 31-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.005

摘要:

在新形势下,我国农业的主要矛盾已由总量不足转变为结构性矛盾。适应农业发展新常态,调整优化农业结构,加快转变发展方式,推进农业供给侧结构性改革,成为当前我国农业发展的重要任务。本文从种植业结构、畜牧结构、产业结构、产品结构、空间结构5 个方面分析了当前我国农业结构存在的主要问题,阐述了新时期我国农业结构调整的战略构想,提出了种植业结构、畜牧业结构和产业结构的调整优化方案及相应的政策建议。

关键词: 结构调整     种植业结构     畜牧业结构     区域布局    

Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要: Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词: cyber–physical systems     Industrial Internet of Things     smart manufacturing complex networks     self-organization and self-adaption     analytical target cascading     collaborative optimization    

海上油田丛式井网整体加密调整技术研究

张凤久,罗宪波,刘英宪,赵春明

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第5期   页码 34-40

摘要:

以绥中36-1为代表的海上稠油油田已经进入开发中后期,逐步暴露出注采矛盾突出、层间和平面上储量动用差异大、单井控制储量过高、采油速度和采收率较低、综合含水上升快,产量递减快等问题,针对中国海油稠油开发面临的挑战,首次提出海上油田大规模综合调整研究,由于海上油田特殊的开发方式,陆地油田综合调整工作中成熟的研究思路和技术路线无法复制到海上油田,海上油田整体加密调整技术研究面临诸多技术难点,因此,本次研究结合绥中36-1油田I期自身特点和开发方式,针对油田开发存在的问题,创新性地提出一整套海上油田的整体挖潜和调整的技术思路和研究方法,完成绥中36-1油田I期整体加密调整方案,调整后油田井网由反九点面积注水井网转变成为行列注水井网,探索“定向井+水平井”开发模式,整体加密实施效果良好,油田水驱状况明显改善,水驱储量动用程度从调整前的80.5 %提高到调整后的91.3 %,采收率大幅度提高,预计提高采收率10.4 %,整体加密调整技术必将在同类油田中推广应用。

关键词: 稠油油藏     整体加密     井网调整     水驱     数值模拟    

Emerging trends in self-healable nanomaterials for triboelectric nanogenerators: A comprehensive review

《能源前沿(英文)》   页码 727-750 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0896-2

摘要: A thorough analysis of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that make use of self-healable nanomaterials is presented in this review. These TENGs have shown promise as independent energy sources that do not require an external power source to function. TENGs are developing into a viable choice for powering numerous applications as low-power electronics technology advances. Despite having less power than conventional energy sources, TENGs do not directly compete with these. TENGs, on the other hand, provide unique opportunities for future self-powered systems and might encourage advancements in energy and sensor technologies. Examining the many approaches used to improve nanogenerators by employing materials with shape memory and self-healable characteristics is the main goal of this review. The findings of this comprehensive review provide valuable information on the advancements and possibilities of TENGs, which opens the way for further research and advancement in this field. The discussion of life cycle evaluations of TENGs provides details on how well they perform in terms of the environment and identifies potential improvement areas. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness, social acceptability, and regulatory implications of self-healing TENGs are examined, as well as their economic and societal ramifications.

关键词: triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)     self-healable nanomaterials     self-powered devices     energy    

Modular structure of a self-reconfigurable robot

FEI Yanqiong, DONG Qinglei, ZHAO Xifang

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第2卷 第1期   页码 116-119 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0020-z

摘要: This paper proposes a novel, hermaphroditic, and lattice self-reconfigurable modular robot. Each module is composed of a center body a cubic part and six sides that can rotate independently. There are two holes and two extensible pegs on each side. The rotary motion of each side and the extensible motion of the pegs are generated by a motor connected to a reducer, using a cone-shaped gear, belt, clutch, etc. The structure of the module is compact, and has space to extend further.

关键词: compact     self-reconfigurable modular     hermaphroditic     cone-shaped     clutch    

Signal separation technology for diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator

Xinhua WANG, Shuwen SUN, Jian ZHEN, Qianyi YA, Deguo WANG,

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第5卷 第2期   页码 176-183 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0001-5

摘要: The structure and principle of a new type of a diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator is introduced. A bridge analysis model based on variable inductance is established. Dynamic balance separation technology for the giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator comes true by the least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm. The scheme design of one important part of the circuit with the real-time separation circuit of the dynamic balance signal based on a digital signal processor is obtained. The part of the signal separated circuit is designed, which includes logarithmic-antilog practical multiplication circuit, amplifying circuit, filter circuits, and amplifier circuit. Based on the embedded system simulation software—PROTUES, the simulation effect of the circuit that separates the sensing signal from the mixed signals is obvious, which indicates that the circuit can rapidly and stably work. Moreover, the structure is simple, reliable, and meets the practical requirement.

关键词: giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) self-sensing actuator     least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm     design of self-adaptive circuit    

Behaviour of self-centring shear walls——A state of the art review

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 53-77 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0850-0

摘要: The application of unbonded post-tensioning (PT) in structural walls has led to the development of advanced self-centring (rocking) shear wall systems that has significant advantages, including accelerated construction due to the incorporation of prefabricated elements and segmental construction for different materials (e.g., concrete, masonry, and timber), reduced residual drifts, and little damage upon extreme seismic and wind loads. Concrete, masonry, and timber are often used for the construction of unbonded PT structural wall systems. Despite extensive research since the 1980s, there are no well-established design guidelines available on the shear wall configuration with the required energy dissipation system, joint’s locations and acceptance criteria for shear sliding, confinement, seismic performance factors, PT loss, PT force range and residual drifts of shear walls subjected to lateral loads. In this research a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review was performed on self-centring shear wall system. An extensive study was carried out to collect a database of 100 concrete, masonry, and self-centring shear wall tests from the literature. The established database was then used to review shear walls’ configurations, material, and components to benchmark requirements applicable for design purposes. The behaviour of concrete, masonry and timber shear walls were compared and critically analysed. The general behaviour, force-displacement performance of the walls, ductility, and seismic response factors, were critically reviewed and analysed for different self-centring wall systems to understand the effect of different parameters including configurations of the walls, material used for construction of the wall (concrete, masonry, timber) and axial stress ratio. The outcome of this research can be used to better understand the behaviour of self-centring wall system in order to develop design guidelines for such walls.

关键词: self-centring shear walls     rocking walls     energy dissipation     seismic performance factors     PT loss     residual drift    

Recycled glass replacement as fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete

Yasser SHARIFI, Mahmoud HOUSHIAR, Behnam AGHEBATI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 419-428 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0224-8

摘要: With increasing environmental pressure to reduce solid waste and to recycle as much as possible, the concrete industry has adopted a number of methods to achieve this goal by replacement of waste glass with concrete composition materials. Due to differences in mixture design, placement and consolidation techniques, the strength and durability of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) may be different than those of conventional concrete. Therefore, replacement of waste glass with fine aggregate in SCC should deeply be investigated compared to conventional concretes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of glass replacement with fine aggregate on the SCC properties. In present study, fine aggregate has been replaced with waste glass in six different weight ratios ranging from 0% to 50%. Fresh results indicate that the flow-ability characteristics have been increased as the waste glass incorporated to paste volume. Nevertheless, compressive, flexural and splitting strengths of concrete containing waste glass have been shown to decrease when the content of waste glass is increased. The strength reduction of concrete in different glass replacement ratios is not remarkable, thus it can be produced SCC with waste glass as fine aggregate in a standard manner.

关键词: Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)     recycle glass     fine aggregate     fresh and hardened properties    

Effect of calcium lactate on compressive strength and self-healing of cracks in microbial concrete

Kunamineni VIJAY, Meena MURMU

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 515-525 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0494-2

摘要: This paper presents the effect on compressive strength and self-healing capability of bacterial concrete with the addition of calcium lactate. Compared to normal concrete, bacterial concrete possesses higher durability and engineering concrete properties. The production of calcium carbonate in bacterial concrete is limited to the calcium content in cement. Hence calcium lactate is externally added to be an additional source of calcium in the concrete. The influence of this addition on compressive strength, self-healing capability of cracks is highlighted in this study. The bacterium used in the study is and was added to both spore powder form and culture form to the concrete. spore powder of 2 million cfu/g concentration with 0.5% cement was mixed to concrete. Calcium lactates with concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% of cement, was added to the concrete mixes to test the effect on properties of concrete. In other samples, cultured with a concentration of 1×10 cells/mL was mixed with concrete, to study the effect of bacteria in the cultured form on the properties of concrete. Cubes of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm were used for the study. These cubes were tested after a curing period of 7, 14 and 28 d. A maximum of 12% increase in compressive strength was observed with the addition of 0.5% of calcium lactate in concrete. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy examination showed the formation of ettringite in pores; calcium silicate hydrates and calcite which made the concrete denser. A statistical technique was applied to analyze the experimental data of the compressive strengths of cementations materials. Response surface methodology was adopted for optimizing the experimental data. The regression equation was yielded by the application of response surface methodology relating response variables to input parameters. This method aids in predicting the experimental results accurately with an acceptable range of error. Findings of this investigation indicated the influence of added calcium lactate in bio-concrete which is quite impressive for improving the compressive strength and self-healing properties of concrete.

关键词: calcium lactate     bacillus subtilis     compressive strength     self-healing of cracks    

基于食物消费变化的种养供需预测及结构调整路径研究

上官彩霞,路燕,景丽,杜涛,孙建军,张新友

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第4期   页码 128-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.004

摘要:

基于食物消费变化开展种养供需预测及结构调整,对坚守粮食安全底线、保障大食物供给总体安全具有重要意义。本文在系统梳理我国食物消费结构特征、种养发展态势的基础上,定量测算了与种养密切相关的口粮、饲料粮、粗饲料的需求端 / 供给端数据,获得了供需平衡分析结果。针对性提出了调整方向:重点扩大蛋白饲料作物、油料作物和优质牧草种植,稳定猪禽、大力发展草食畜牧业,强化大食物观理念、多途径开发食物来源。阐述了实现路径:优化种植结构和调整区域布局,发展种养结合循环农业,构建多元化食物供给体系,全面提升农业科技创新能力。研究建议,构建与大食物观相适应的政策体系和技术支撑体系,构建粮食产业资源配置向产地倾斜的政策体系,构建区域协同发展机制,调整口粮、饲料粮和饲草种植政策和统计口径,更好保障国家粮食安全。

《一、 前言》

一、 前言

在“以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑”的粮食安全战略和“谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的新粮食安全观指导下,我国“粮袋子”更加丰满,谷物总产量稳居世界首位,人均粮食产量增长至483.5 kg(2022年)。与此同时,居民在基本生活水平改善后,对美好生活的追求更为迫切,相应消费需求正在由“吃得饱”“吃得好”转向“吃得营养”“吃得健康”;“菜篮子”“奶罐子”“肉盘子”更显丰富多样,较好保障了多样化的食物消费需求[1]。为了适应居民食物消费需求的变化,国家明确了“树立大食物观、构建多元化食物供给体系、多途径开发食物来源”的食物安全新理念,将“实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动”列为推动粮食产能继续增长的主要举措。在此背景下,需要更加科学合理地利用国内有限资源,优化调整种养结构,兼顾粮食产能持续提升、农产品有效供给更为丰富。

根据食物消费预测量来识别未来种养供需平衡方面可能存在的问题,是研究和制定种养结构调整路径的基础及前提。目前,我国食物消费结构总体特征及演变趋势方面的研究较多,形成了膳食结构升级中口粮逐步减少、“肉蛋奶”等食物消费量增加的基本结论[2,3];在定量分析饲料粮供需现状的基础上提出了大食物观下保障饲料粮供给安全的路径与对策[4,5]。此外,为推进适宜消费需求的种养结构调整,国家实施了“粮改饲”、大豆油料供给保障工程等,一定程度上缓解了粮食供给的结构性矛盾[6]。然而,依据食物消费结构变化,科学把握饲料粮、粗饲料的供需趋势,探究种养结构调整方向与实现路径,依然是有待深化和细化的研究课题。

本文针对守牢粮食安全底线基础上的种植业内部结构优化、养殖业内部结构优化以及种养结合开展研究。种植业品种仅考虑与种养业相关联的作物结构,包括小麦、玉米、水稻、豆类、薯类、油料(以花生和油菜为主)、棉花(棉籽粕可提供蛋白饲料),未考虑蔬菜、糖、林果等作物;养殖业以提供“肉蛋奶”的大宗畜禽养殖品种(如猪、禽、肉牛、奶牛、肉羊)和水产为主,未考虑占比较低的驴、马、兔以及特种养殖品种。在这样的情境下,采用2000—2020年食物消费数据、种植业与养殖业数据,分析食物消费结构特征、种养结构发展态势,测算2025年和2030年的口粮、饲料粮、粗饲料需求量与供应量;据此设计种养结构调整路径,以期为现代种养生产结构、多元化食物供给体系研究提供参考。

《二、 我国食物消费结构特征及种养结构发展态势》

二、 我国食物消费结构特征及种养结构发展态势

《(一) 我国食物消费结构特征》

(一) 我国食物消费结构特征

在分析2000—2020年食物消费结构特征时,为保障时间延续性,采用国家统计局发布的家庭原粮人均购买消费量、“肉蛋奶”和水产品的人均消费量数据;畜产品的对外依存度为净进口量占国内实际消费量的比重,数据来源主要为联合国粮食及农业组织、经济合作与发展组织、美国农业部等国际机构公布的数据。整体来看,我国食物消费结构呈现以下特征。

《1. 家庭原粮人均购买消费量总体趋降,豆、薯等杂粮消费有所增长》

1. 家庭原粮人均购买消费量总体趋降,豆、薯等杂粮消费有所增长

整体上,家庭原粮人均购买消费量有下降趋势,从2000年的193.8 kg下降到2019年的130.1 kg,之后因新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情的原因又上涨至141.2 kg。豆类和薯类等替代性、辅助性口粮消费稳步增长,人均豆类消费量从2013年的7.5 kg上升到2020年的10 kg,人均薯类消费量从2013年的2.3 kg上升到2020年的3.1 kg。在主食消费量总体趋降的同时,杂粮消费量呈上升趋势,说明居民更为追求膳食结构的平衡性。

《2. “肉蛋奶”的家庭消费总体趋增,品种替代性特征明显》

2. “肉蛋奶”的家庭消费总体趋增,品种替代性特征明显

整体上,人均肉类家庭消费量有增长趋势,从2013年的25.6 kg上升到2018年的29.5 kg,但2019—2020年因非洲猪瘟、COVID-19疫情等不可控因素出现稍许下降。其中,猪肉人均消费量快速下降(从2018年的22.8 kg下降到2020年的18.2 kg),而禽肉和禽蛋、水产品人均消费量快速上涨(分别从2018年的9 kg、9.7 kg、10.4 kg上升到2020年的12.7 kg、12.8 kg、13.9 kg),可见,猪肉、禽肉、禽蛋、水产品之间的品种替代性特征明显。猪瘟、COVID-19疫情等不可控因素对牛羊肉、奶类的消费影响较小,相关消费量一直处于稳步增长中(牛羊肉、奶类人均消费量分别从2013年的2.4 kg、11.7 kg上升到2020年的3.3 kg、13 kg)。

《3. 畜产品对外依存度呈上升趋势》

3. 畜产品对外依存度呈上升趋势

我国猪肉产量和消费量占世界总量的一半,2015年以来的猪肉对外依存度均在2%以上;但受国内非洲猪瘟的影响,2020年的对外依存度提高到10.6%。牛肉2012年的对外依存度仅为0.8%,2020年的对外依存度达到22.3%。羊肉2013年以来的对外依存度保持稳定(基本围绕6%上下浮动),2020年的对外依存度为6.9%。禽肉基本自给,常年对外依存度为2.5%~3.2%,但2020年受猪周期、COVID-19疫情的影响上升到4.9%。禽蛋一直处于净出口状态,出口量稳定在1×105 t/a。奶制品对外依存度较高且呈攀升趋势,由2014年的24%上升到2020年的34%。

《(二) 我国种养结构发展态势》

(二) 我国种养结构发展态势

《1. 粮食生产能力持续增强,但品种的结构性矛盾突出》

1. 粮食生产能力持续增强,但品种的结构性矛盾突出

我国粮食作物播种面积和产量整体趋增,播种面积从2000年的1.084×108 hm2扩大到2020年的1.168×108 hm2,年均增速为7.66%;粮食总产量从2000年的4.622×108 t上升到2020年的6.695×108 t,累计增长44.85%。目前,我国粮食年产量已超过6.8×108 t,但存在供需结构性矛盾:稻谷、小麦两大口粮品种供给明显过剩,饲料粮尤其是蛋白饲料短缺问题凸显。养殖业对饲料粮的需求不断增长,但因农业生产结构滞后于消费需求结构而致饲料粮长期供应不足,如玉米的国内外价格倒挂,进口量持续增长,2020年、2021年玉米进口量突破配额分别为1.13×107 t、2.835×107 t [7]。为满足食用植物油、豆粕饲料的刚性需求,大豆对外依存度持续攀升(从2000年的36.26%上升到2020年的92%),进口来源国相对集中。面对错综复杂的国际形势,一旦出现贸易风险而致进口受阻,大豆将成为国家粮食安全的重大风险源、制约畜产品供给的瓶颈类别[8]

《2. 农产品品种、品质结构与居民消费快速升级不相适应的矛盾显现》

2. 农产品品种、品质结构与居民消费快速升级不相适应的矛盾显现

随着收入水平提高、消费结构升级,居民对农产品的需求转向多样化、优质化。我国农产品在营养品质、安全品质上的表现有待增强,优质小麦、专用玉米、绿色蔬菜、优质“肉蛋奶”供给不足,不能适应市场需求的变化。以小麦为例,快速发展的食品加工业对优质专用强筋、弱筋小麦的需求不断增加,而国内较难激励农民生产优质专用小麦的积极性、较难改变区域规模化种植的“单种、单收、单储”格局,需以进口方式进行调剂[9]。此外,我国畜产品需求增长,而畜产品消费向能量转化效率更低的结构转变,高品质牛羊肉、奶类等农产品的生产相比消费需求尚有差距;牛羊的养殖周期长、养殖方式滞后,生产发展不能满足消费增长需要,导致对外依存度不断攀升。

《3. 种养结构及布局未能发挥区域资源环境优势》

3. 种养结构及布局未能发挥区域资源环境优势

我国粮食生产重心不断北移,加剧了粮食生产与水土资源的空间错位现象。例如,华南地区的稻谷产量占全国比例从2000年的11.74%下降到2020年的7.64%,规模优势指数从2000年的2.91下降到2020年的1.75;东北平原的稻谷产量占全国比例从2000年的9.55%上升到2020年的18.92%,规模优势指数从2000年的0.644上升至2020年的1.797(见表1)[10]。在水资源方面,南北分布差异较大:南方多年平均水资源总量的全国占比为81.2%,而北方水资源严重短缺,亩均水资源占有量约为南方的1/6,水资源开发利用率普遍超过了国际公认的40%警戒线(除松花江地区以外)[11]。北方许多省份的人均水资源占有量低于全国平均水平、国际极度缺水标准(500 m3/人),如河南省作为全国农业大省,小麦播种面积和产量均居全国首位,但人均水资源占有量不足全国平均水平的1/5。种养空间不匹配还表现在作为重要能量饲料的玉米上。玉米种植重心北移,而作为猪、禽养殖重点区的南方呈饲料资源紧缺态势。例如,华南地区是我国粮食主销区,但又是家禽养殖优势区(家禽优势指数高于其他农区)。此外,畜牧业、种植业的发展融合匹配度不足,整体上未能形成相互依存、紧密融合的循环发展关系[12]

《表1》

表1 我国水稻种植规模优势指数变化情况

九大区时间/年
20002005201020152020
北方干旱半干旱区0.0090.0060.0060.0040.006
东北平原区0.6440.7371.2031.2981.797
云贵高原区1.5931.6551.3621.2840.944
华南区2.9122.3932.2422.2171.748
四川盆地及周边地区0.9991.0460.9410.9250.802
长江中下游地区8.2738.7188.7598.9949.445
青藏高原区00000
黄土高原区0.0040.0050.0030.0030.002
黄淮海平原区0.0310.0270.0340.0350.037

《三、 面向2030年的种养供需平衡分析》

三、 面向2030年的种养供需平衡分析

以《中国农业展望报告(2023—2032)》中2025年、2030年各类食物消费预测结果为基础,将“肉蛋奶”、水产品等食物消费需求量转化为饲料粮、粗饲料的需求量,完成了对包括口粮、饲料粮、工业用粮、种子用粮、系统损耗在内的粮食和粗饲料供需预测及平衡分析,可为种养结构调整路径研究提供数据支撑。

《(一) 需求端预测结果》

(一) 需求端预测结果

《1. 粮食》

1. 粮食

口粮指城乡居民直接食用的粮食原粮,包括水稻、小麦、玉米、杂粮等谷物以及豆类、薯类;水稻、小麦为主要品种,其他杂粮、薯类、豆类为替代性与辅助性口粮。依据中国营养学会制定的膳食标准、当前居民食物消费现状及偏好,考虑膳食营养、食物多样化需求等因素,适度增加薯类、豆类和杂粮在口粮中的比例,获得口粮需求端预测结果,2025年、2030年的口粮需求量分别为3.455×108 t、3.426×108 t。

饲料粮需求量由各类畜产品按照一定自给率下的消费量乘以各类畜产品粮食转化系数(基于《2020全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》中的“主产品产量”“耗粮数量”,考虑畜产品活体与酮体的转换以及母畜消耗的饲料粮)计算而得。依据当前的研究共识,采用了散养肉牛与肉羊、中规模生猪、中规模奶牛、中规模肉鸡与中规模蛋鸡的饲养生产标准,水产品的粮食转化系数统一为49.13 kg(每50 kg鱼的当量),水产饲料粮的需求量考虑水产养殖占比与鱼类养殖占比按照65%折算。工业用粮、种子用粮、系统损耗合计定为粮食总需求量的15%。

如表2和表3所示,预测的2025年、2030年粮食总需求量分别为8.562×108 t、8.681×108 t,其中饲料粮需求量分别为3.823×108 t、3.953×108 t,分别占粮食总产量的44.65%、45.54%。

《表2》

表2 畜产品消费量及饲料粮需求量(2025年)

类别人均消费量/kg

需求总量/

×104 t

国内自给率/%需国内生产量/×104 t饲料粮转化系数饲料粮需求量/×104 t能量饲料需求量/×104 t蛋白饲料需求量/×104 t
合计38 225.7729 909.108316.66
猪肉40.865757955469.152.8115 368.3112 294.653073.66
牛肉7.35103580828.002.071713.961285.47428.49
羊肉4.1558595557.752.351306.01979.51326.50
禽肉18.8526551002655.002.887646.406117.121529.28
禽蛋18.8926611002661.001.674443.873555.10888.77
奶制品41.645867704106.900.361478.48961.01517.47
水产品21.803071762333.960.641493.73896.24597.49
母畜4775.003820.00955.00

《表3》

表3 畜产品消费量及饲料粮需求量(2030年)

品类人均消费量/kg需求总量/×104 t国内自给率/%需国内生产量/×104 t饲料粮转化系数饲料粮需求量/×104 t能量饲料需求量/×104 t蛋白饲料需求量/×104 t
合计39 530.4230 900.968629.47
猪肉41.005737955450.152.8115 314.9212 251.943062.98
牛肉7.74108380866.402.071793.451345.09448.36
羊肉4.4261995588.052.351381.921036.44345.48
禽肉20.6728931002893.002.888331.846665.471666.37
禽蛋19.2326911002691.001.674493.973595.18898.79
奶制品48.576797704757.900.361712.841113.35599.50
水产品22.603163762403.880.641538.48923.09615.39
母畜4963.003970.40992.60

《2. 粗饲料》

2. 粗饲料

在居民“肉蛋奶”等消费量快速增长的背景下,反刍动物在对能量、蛋白等精饲料的需求增加外,对牧草、干草、青贮、作物秸秆等粗饲料的需求也不断增加。依据国家行业主管部门测算的畜产品对粗饲料的需求标准,每吨牛奶、牛肉、羊肉产品所需的粗饲料(以干物质计)分别为1.1 t、18.2 t、16.8 t。如表4所示,预测的生产奶类、牛肉、羊肉产品所需粗饲料总量,2025年、2030年分别为2.892×108 t、3.088×108 t;每吨奶类、牛肉、羊肉所需的优质牧草分别为0.9 t、9.2 t、7.6 t,占粗饲料的比重分别为81.8%、50.5%、45.2%,则2025年、2030年所需优质牧草量分别为1.554×108 t、1.672×108 t。

《表4》

表4 草畜产品粗饲料需求量预测值

品类2025年2030年
需国内生产量粗饲料总需求量其中优质牧草总需求量需国内生产量粗饲料总需求量其中优质牧草总需求量
合计5490.6528 923.7915 537.516212.3530 881.4116 722.17
牛肉828.0015 069.607617.60866.4015 768.487970.88
羊肉557.759336.604223.70588.059879.244469.18
奶类(鲜食)4106.904517.593696.214757.95233.694282.11

《(二) 供给端预测结果》

(二) 供给端预测结果

《1. 粮食》

1. 粮食

2025年、2030年稻谷、小麦、玉米、大豆等粮食作物的供给量采用《中国农业展望报告(2023—2032)》数据。对于粮食作物中的谷物,按照近10年稻谷、小麦、玉米占谷物产量的均值(98.4%)进行推算。薯类产量测量依据为:近3年产量保持1.5%的增长率,2023年后保持稳定。如表5所示,预测的2025年、2030年粮食供给量分别为7.092×108 t、7.508×108 t。

《表5》

表5 粮食生产能力估算

时间/年谷物稻谷小麦玉米大豆薯类合计
202565 285.5721 02614 00229 2132400323070 915.57
203068 273.3721 02914 29231 8603581323075 084.37

饲料粮的来源主要包括三部分:禾谷类,如玉米、高粱;饼粕类,如饲用大豆榨油后的豆粕;糠麸类,如居民口粮处理的副产品(小麦糠麸、米糠)。还有少量糟渣类,如酒糟、豆腐渣、薯类粉渣。取玉米、稻谷、小麦、薯类等其他粮食产量的70%、10%、15%、30%作为饲料粮量[13];国产大豆多为非转基因大豆,取10%作为饲料粮,大豆出粕率为0.85;棉籽、花生、油菜籽等食用油出粕率分别为0.45、0.55、0.65;各类加总可得饲料粮的生产能力。

根据预测的2025年和2030年稻谷、小麦、玉米、大豆、薯类供给量,获得能量饲料供给量、大豆豆粕供给量;2000—2020年棉籽粕、花生粕、油菜籽粕占蛋白饲料的比例均值为93%,据此预测饼粕类饲料总供给量。根据预测,2025年饲料粮供给量为2.893×108 t,含能量饲料2.653×108 t、饼粕类饲料2.403×107 t;2030年饲料粮供给量为3.10×108 t,含能量饲料2.847×108 t、饼粕类饲料2.534×107 t。

《2. 粗饲料》

2. 粗饲料

可饲料化利用的农作物秸秆主要有玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆、豆类秸秆、薯类秸秆、花生秸秆、油菜秸秆。全株青贮玉米为种植专用青饲玉米(全量收获),故不纳入计算。根据《“十二五”农作物秸秆综合利用实施方案》,结合相关专家咨询意见,将农作物秸秆饲料化利用率确定为25%、30%两档。经测算,按照25%的饲料化利用率,农作物秸秆饲料化利用量理论值为1.9×108 t,其中玉米秸秆饲料化利用量理论值为9.454×107 t(占比为49.76%);若秸秆饲料化利用率提高至30%,秸秆饲料化利用量理论值将增长至2.281×108 t,其中黄淮海平原区、东北平原区、长江中下游地区的相应理论值均超过4×107 t。

在优质牧草供给量方面,根据《“十四五”全国饲草产业发展规划》,2020年利用耕地(含草田轮作、农闲田)种植优质饲草近8×107亩(1亩≈666.7 m2),产量约为7.16×107 t(折合干重);2025年优质饲草产量的规划发展目标是9.8×107 t;按照线性增长预测,2030年优质饲草产量将为1.244×108 t。

《(三) 供需平衡分析》

(三) 供需平衡分析

根据需求端预测的口粮需求量,2025年、2030年分别为3.455×108 t、3.426×108 t,而粮食供给量分别为7.092×108 t、7.508×108 t,说明口粮的保障度较高;饲料粮分别缺口9.296×107 t、8.525×107 t,其中蛋白饲料粮缺口分别为5.914×107 t、6.095×107 t,说明饲料粮缺口较大。

2025年、2030年的秸秆等其他粗饲料需求量分别为1.267×108 t、1.372×108 t,以秸秆饲料化利用率25%计,秸秆可利用量可以满足粗饲料的需求。然而,优质牧草供应偏紧,全株青贮玉米、饲用燕麦、多花黑麦草、苜蓿等的合计缺口,2025、2030年分别为5.738×107 t、4.281×107 t。

《四、 种养结构调整方向与实现路径》

四、 种养结构调整方向与实现路径

鉴于粮食安全与食物安全的紧密联系,基于种养供需平衡分析结果,可将种养结构调整优化的目标方向确定为“谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全、食物保障可靠”,在保障口粮绝对安全的基础上重点增加饲料粮、优质牧草供给。

《(一) 调整方向》

(一) 调整方向

《1. 扩大蛋白饲料作物、油料作物、优质牧草种植》

1. 扩大蛋白饲料作物、油料作物、优质牧草种植

饲料粮尤其是蛋白饲料粮、优质牧草较为紧缺,构成了牛羊产业优质发展的制约因素。种植业结构调整方向应聚焦于在确保口粮绝对安全的基础上,按照粮食使用功能来优化作物品种结构和区域布局。巩固以玉米为代表的能量饲料粮保障水平,加快大豆生产扩量提质,持续提高大豆自给率。扩大花生、油菜等油料作物种植,既可增加食用油消费供给,产生的菜籽粕、花生粕等副产品也可为畜牧养殖提供蛋白饲料。根据牛羊产业布局及发展需求,适度扩大全株青贮玉米、饲用燕麦、多花黑麦草、苜蓿等优质饲草种植,提升饲用粮生产效率,为畜牧业结构调整提供优质饲料保障。

《2. 稳定猪禽生产,大力发展草食畜牧业》

2. 稳定猪禽生产,大力发展草食畜牧业

我国是猪肉、禽肉的生产和消费大国,人均猪肉、禽肉消费量较高,而牛肉和羊肉占肉类总产量的比重不足15%。随着居民对牛羊肉、牛奶消费的需求增长,国内生产已无法满足需求,只能依靠扩大进口来弥补供给缺口,如牛肉、羊肉、牛奶的对外依存度几乎以每年1~3个百分点的速度在递增。因此,畜牧结构调整方向是稳定猪禽,重点发展肉牛、肉羊、奶牛养殖,加快草食畜牧业发展速度;优化养殖业空间布局,加快农区作物秸秆饲料化利用,推进农牧融合、循环农业发展。

《3. 强化大食物观理念,多途径开发食物来源》

3. 强化大食物观理念,多途径开发食物来源

按照农作物种植面积等值测算,2020年我国农业资源总需求量为3.95×109亩,而国内实际农作物种植面积为2.512×109亩,利用境外农业资源折合1.438×109亩。在我国耕地资源有限的背景下,需要向除耕地外的40多亿亩林地、近4×109亩草地、“江河湖海”拓展,向更丰富的生物资源拓展;提升现有设施农业水平,发展植物工厂、日光温室、集约化畜禽养殖场,拓宽农业生产空间,多途径开发食物来源。

《(二) 实现路径》

(二) 实现路径

《1. 优化种植结构并调整区域布局》

1. 优化种植结构并调整区域布局

在保障粮食安全的基础上,推行“粮改饲”、玉米 / 大豆 / 油料复合或轮作种植、“三种三收”等种植模式,尽量提高土地产出效率,优化土地资源利用率。

以农产品质量提升为导向,统筹经济、资源、环境、生态等要素的承载能力,分类确定区域发展方向和重点,形成科学合理的生产和生态发展区域布局。重点发展东北地区和长江流域优质水稻、黄淮海地区优质专用小麦、东北和黄淮海地区专用玉米及大豆等产业带,科学开发南方地区冬闲田种植早熟油菜,扩大干旱 / 半干旱区、青藏高原区主要油料作物系列品种的选育与推广范围,开展大豆、花生、木本油料等油料作物的抗灾与节本增效新品种鉴定 / 筛选 / 推广,实现粮油生产双丰收。

树立“种草即种粮、种草可增地、种草效益高”的饲草产业发展定位,以节约饲料粮并提高土地产出率。加大木本饲草料的开发利用力度,多途径增加饲草供给。以河西走廊、北方农牧交错带、河套灌区、黄河中下游及沿海盐碱滩涂区为主要区域,建设一批饲草产业集群;在水库、湖泊水源地,建立以饲料桑、菌草为主的多年生饲草产业带。通过专业化的饲草运营,构建包括饲草生产、畜禽养殖在内的利益共同体。

《2. 发展种养结合循环农业》

2. 发展种养结合循环农业

因地制宜明确县域种养结合的主推模式,结合土地承载能力分析种养平衡情况,合理确定种植和养殖规模,推动畜禽粪污的低成本处置、就地就近还田使用。开展种养结合循环农业关键控制点的研究与示范,分析养殖粪污中抗生素、消毒剂、病原微生物等对土壤微生物菌群、有机质分解、土壤性状,对蔬菜等农作物生长、农产品质量安全的影响。根据种植业要求,提出养殖场适用的技术方案、操作规程,分析秸秆等农副资源中农药残留、霉菌毒素等对动物健康状况、产品质量安全、产品风味的影响,为农副资源高效饲料化利用提供方案。

按照“以养定种”而不是“以畜定草”的观念来进行种植业结构调整。在属于基本计划范围的良田以外,根据测算的畜禽养殖规模,由种养户自行决定粮食作物、经济作物、饲料作物的种植品种与比例。加快研发畜禽粪污资源化利用技术和装备,推动建立畜禽粪污处理和粪肥利用台账。

《3. 构建多元化食物供给体系》

3. 构建多元化食物供给体系

在保护生态环境的前提下,从耕地资源向整个国土资源拓展,多途径开发食物来源,成为构建多元化食物供给体系的发展方向,能够扩大粮饲结构调整的操作空间。开展相关顶层设计和政策体系研究,按照宜粮则粮、宜经则经、宜牧则牧、宜渔则渔、宜林则林的理念,全方位开发并高效利用国土资源;发挥合成生物学等技术优势,以工厂化方式生产高品质蛋白;构建“粮经饲”统筹、“农林牧渔”结合、植物 / 动物 / 微生物并举的多元化食物供给体系,切实增加食物总量。形成同市场需求相适应、与资源环境承载力相匹配的现代农业生产结构和区域布局。

《4. 全面提升农业科技创新能力》

4. 全面提升农业科技创新能力

着力提升农业科技创新体系的整体效能。科学设定国家级科研团队、省级科研院所、地市级农业科研单位以及科技型企业等各类创新主体的职能定位,健全新型举国体制,强化有组织的科研,构建全国农业科技创新“一盘棋”新格局。着眼世界农业科技前沿,实现关键核心技术自主可控。围绕种源等“卡脖子”环节,开展关键核心技术攻关,促进整机集成创制、关键零部件研发、智能农机装备、应用深度拓展、农机 / 农艺融合等方面的创新突破,构建可促进生态安全的农业绿色发展技术体系。加大现代生物产业技术研发和投入力度,在农业新应用方向取得突破,开辟食物供给的新来源和新渠道。优化农业科技成果创制和转化应用的体制机制,促进数字技术与现代农业全面融合。

《五、 对策建议》

五、 对策建议

《(一) 构建与大食物观相适应的政策体系和技术支撑体系》

(一) 构建与大食物观相适应的政策体系和技术支撑体系

在“双循环”背景下,大食物观理念已经形成,构建多元化食物供给体系需求迫切,需对以往保障粮食安全过于偏重谷物生产供给的政策导向进行审思和完善,也需将以往多侧重谷物技术研发向种养有机结合、多元食物开发技术并重转移[13],加快构建与大食物观相适应的政策体系和技术支撑体系。① 在守住国家粮食安全底线的基础上,制定反映大食物观理念的配套政策举措。② 建立大食物资源库、城乡居民食物消费大数据平台,从供需两端着手,提供调整优化食物品种所需的数据支撑。③ 构建与大食物观理念相匹配的营养标准体系,定期开展居民营养状况监测。④ 引导各类主体关注非农业资源、人工合成淀粉、未来食品等新食物资源的开发与制造,推动大食物观理念深入人心。⑤ 针对多元化食物供给需要,开展技术研发和布局。

《(二) 构建粮食产业资源配置向产地倾斜的政策体系》

(二) 构建粮食产业资源配置向产地倾斜的政策体系

在支撑家庭农场、农民合作社、中小微企业发展农产品产地初加工的基础上,加快构建引导粮食大型或精深加工企业向粮食产地下沉、向园区集中,在粮食和重要农产品主产区统筹布局建设农产品加工产业园,逐步形成区域性产业集群的政策体系;推动粮食就地加工转化、就地增值增效,成为县域和区域产业融合发展的支撑产业。鼓励与粮食相关的生产资料和设备(如农机装备、加工装备、农药、化肥)生产企业,向粮食主产区倾斜布局产能。将种业科技创新,农机、农艺、病虫害防治等方向的科技创新,有利于减少粮食浪费和系统损耗、提高粮食利用效率且面向粮食储存 / 加工 / 运输的科技创新等资源,向粮食主产区倾斜布局,促成粮食科技创新能力与生产优势相匹配。

《(三) 构建区域协同发展机制》

(三) 构建区域协同发展机制

我国农业总体上划分为九大区域,在推进区域协调发展过程中,宜发挥制度体制优势、秉持差异化原则,运用不同区域的比较优势,做到区域布局最优、产业结构最优、“三链同构”最优。一方面,实行“粮食安全人人同责”制度,开展“粮汇交易”等粮食产销新模式合作,探索建立粮食主销区对主产区的横向补偿机制。另一方面,构建区域种养产业发展联盟、企业合作联盟,探索形成粮食产业增值利润在不同功能区域之间的合理分配办法,从而构建利益共享机制、风险分担机制,实现资源优化配置和最佳综合效益。

《(四) 调整口粮、饲料粮、饲草种植政策和统计口径》

(四) 调整口粮、饲料粮、饲草种植政策和统计口径

多年来,国家为确保粮食安全,对各级政府压实粮食安全责任,在农业政策上始终以粮食生产为导向,在技术创新、耕地资源配置上更多以口粮生产为主,只有消化不掉的多余口粮才转化为饲料粮。这一惯性忽视了畜牧业作为重要农业产业对饲料粮的特定需求。当前我国饲料用粮占比超过40%,实际上形成了“粮经饲”统筹发展局面;为了顺应消费需求而调整食物生产结构,养殖业将获得快速发展,需要扩大饲料专用型玉米、全株青贮玉米、优质饲草的种植。然而,政策层面对种植优质饲草的支持不够,没有将其纳入粮食安全的面积范围,对优质专用饲料、全株青贮玉米、苜蓿等优质饲草新品种以及栽培技术的研发创新支持不够,在统计上甚至没有将优质饲草纳入范围。因此,需要将青贮玉米、饲草等代替(减量)饲料粮的方式纳入粮食安全责任制,依据“粮经饲”统筹发展的相关政策纳入优质饲草统计数据,从而体现“种养加结合”、推进农牧融合循环发展等要求,为确保粮食安全基础上的食物安全提供充分政策支持。

利益冲突声明

本文作者在此声明彼此之间不存在任何利益冲突或财务冲突。

Received date:May 13, 2023; Revised date:July 6, 2023

Corresponding author:Zhang Xinyou is a research fellow from the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and a member of Chinese Academy of Engineering. His major research fields include plant genetic breeding, food security. E-mail: haasz@126.com

Funding project: Chinese Academy of Engineering project “Research on National Grain Security Strategy in the Context of Dual Circulation” (2022-XBZD-12)

关键词: 食物消费变化;种养供需预测;种养结构调整;粮食安全    

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