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Modeling effects of a tidal barrage on water quality indicator distribution in the Severn Estuary

Guanghai GAO, Roger A. FALCONER, Binliang LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0464-1

摘要： In this study, emphasis has focused on assessing the potential hydro-environmental impacts of a barrage across the Severn Estuary, with a numerical model being developed and applied to the estuary to assess the impacts of proposed Severn Barrage on the hydrodynamic, sediment transport and faecal indicator organism distribution within the estuary. The results show that the Severn Barrage has the potential to reduce the tidal currents in a highly dynamic estuary. This leads to the reduction of suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn affects the bacterial transport processes which is highly related to the sediment transport processes.

关键词： water quality indicator Severn Estuary numerical model tidal energy

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Economic evaluation of reverse osmosis desalination system coupled with tidal energy

Changming LING, Yifei WANG, Chunhua MIN, Yuwen ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 297-304 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0478-2

摘要： A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system coupled with tidal energy is proposed. The mechanical energy produced by the tidal energy through hydraulic turbine is directly used to drive the RO unit. The system performances and the water cost of the conventional and tidal energy RO systems are compared. It is found that the proposed tidal energy RO system can save water cost in the range of 31.0% 41.7% in comparison with the conventional RO system. There is an optimum feed pressure that leads to the lowest water cost. The tidal RO system can save more costs at a high feed pressure or a high water recovery rate. The optimum feed pressure of the tidal energy RO system is higher than that of the conventional RO system. The longer lifetime of the tidal energy RO system can save even more water cost. When the site development cost rate is lower than 40%, the water cost of the tidal energy RO system will be lower than that of the conventional RO system. The proposed technology will be an effective alternative desalination method in the future.

关键词： reverse osmosis (RO) desalination tidal energy model economic evaluation

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海洋可再生能源的前景 Review

Alistair G. L. Borthwick

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 69-78 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.011

摘要：

以化石燃料为基础的发电方式会产生大量二氧化碳，从而导致全球气候变暖。我们需要采取行动减少化石燃料的使用和二氧化碳的排放。海洋能源存在巨大潜力，但是其开发还面临着跨学科的技术、成本、投资、环境影响和政府政策等方面的问题。本文简要介绍了海上风电、潮流、洋流、潮差、波浪能、海洋热能、盐度梯度、生物能等方面的内容，简述了开采海洋可再生能源需要进行研究的领域。这些领域包括能源存储、高级材料、机器人和信息学。本文以可持续性的角度从伦理、立法、监管环境、政府政策、经济、社会和环境制约等方面给出了海洋可再生能源发展的要求，强调我们急需富有专研精神的新一代科学家解决海洋可再生能源面临的重大挑战。

关键词：海洋可再生能源海上风电潮流洋流潮差波浪能海洋热能生物能可持续性

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Quantitative analysis of microplastics in coastal tidal-flat reclamation in Dongtai, China

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1528-5

摘要：

• Reclamation projects are important disturbances on microplastic risk in coasts.

关键词： Coastal reclamation Engineering geotextiles Soil microplastics Weathering simulation Marine emission

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Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal

GAO Jianhua, YANG Guishan, OU Weixin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 81-88 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0016-x

摘要： In order to explore the effect of different ecological zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh, indicators such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, ?C and ?N of surface, core sediments, and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed. Subsequently, distribution regularities of these measurement indicators are discussed, and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed. Lastly, the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated, and the organic matter accumulations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared. These results indicate that TOC, TN, C/N ratio and C showed obvious zonal distribution. The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat, flat, and the transition zone between silt and flat, and are controlled by terrigenous input in s flat. plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. In the study area, the annually increased TOC, organic matter and TN in the , and reed flats reach 6,451, 12,043 and 536 t, respectively. The amount of TOC, organic matter and TN accumulated in the flat is more than that in other ecological zones, which shows that the flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem.

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开发浅海滩涂资源拓展我国的生存空间

陈吉余

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第3期页码 27-31

摘要：

据预测21世纪中期我国人口将净增2〜3亿，而耕地减少累计量将达1800万hm²,二者叠加到21世纪中叶我国将缺少4〜5亿人口的生存空间，人口、资源、环境形势非常严峻；而如何拓展生存空间的形势也是极其严重的，河流上游封山育林，中游退田还湖，但沿海滩涂却可提供大量后备土地资源。历史上我国退海、围海之地达10余万km²。近50年来，加大围海造地力度，新增了11000〜12000km²土地。本文提出2050年前再造10000〜15000km²生存空间，为2000〜3000万人提供就业机会，还着重提出未来50年围垦难点所在是低滩围垦。根据人海泥沙自然造陆与所需造陆之间的差值，必需以人工促淤和生物促淤工程来弥补自然成陆泥沙之不足。还需在提高环境监测、预测的精度，以及工程技术等方面的技术创新。

关键词：浅海滩涂资源生存空间围海人工海岸促淤工程

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基于海洋能的海水资源综合利用研究

李伟,杨易嘉,顾亚京,刘宏伟,林勇刚,张南强

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 33-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.006

摘要：

本文将海洋能发电技术、海水淡化技术与浓盐海水电解制氢技术相结合，提出了一种综合利用海洋能源和海水资源的新模式。海洋能发电设备能为海岛和海上设施提供电能，在通过海水制淡有效解决海岛或海上设施供水问题的同时也会产生副产品浓盐水——目前均作为废弃物回放大海，不仅成为一种污染源，也造成海水浓盐水中富含的氢、氯、钠等化工资源的浪费。因此本文进一步研究海洋能电解浓盐水制氢、制碱技术，在实现海能海用、海水资源化利用的同时，也为建设海洋补氢站提供了可能。

关键词：潮流能海洋化学能海水综合利用制氢制碱

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滩涂湿地利用与保护的协调发展探讨——以上海市为例

陈吉余,程和琴,戴志军

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第6期页码 11-17

摘要：

文章就潮滩一词探索其定义，明确其研究范围，以长江口 ——— 上海市潮滩、湿地为例，论述其基本特点，及其对长江来水来沙条件的响应，可开发的强度以及对湿地保护的要求，并就长江河口不同类型的潮滩分别阐述它们的发展过程、现状与趋势，对不同潮滩和湿地的合理开发、动态保护、生态修复提出具体意见，从发展要求提出应对近海水域空间开发进行研究的建议。

关键词：上海市滩涂湿地利用保护

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潮汐咸水的纳滤膜集成处理系统

毕飞,陈小洁,陈水超,陈欢林,孙志林

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第7期页码 53-56

摘要：

本文以钱塘江潮汐咸水为研究对象，将纳滤膜集成技术用于潮汐咸水制备饮用水。通过对纳滤膜选择与性能评价、中试集成工艺优化，以及500 m³/d 的纳滤集成示范系统的运行试验，结果表明：对于潮汐咸水水源，应用纳滤膜集成系统可有效脱除盐分，降低水体中的有机污染物含量，对促进潮汐地区的饮水安全具有保障作用。

关键词：钱塘江潮汐咸水纳滤膜饮水安全

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水压力传感器系统在河床冲刷深度实时监控中的应用研究

陈志坚,刘大伟,张雄文

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 17-21

摘要：

阐述了桩基础范围内的河床冲刷实时监测的必要性；介绍了水压力传感器监测系统的应用、技术难点和解决方案。通过潮位监测点的设置，有效解决了水位波动的修正问题，采用依托于基桩的单点定位埋设法实现了传感器可靠定位和传感器信号的可靠传输，苏通大桥的工程实践表明，该方法具有实时性、连续性、长期性和精度高的特点。根据实测结果分析了桩基础范围内河床局部冲刷的机理。

关键词：水压力传感器感潮河段群桩基础局部冲刷实时监测

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浑河沈抚区域重污染支流河治理技术研究

彭剑峰,宋永会,高红杰,任兆勇,李蕊,于会彬

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 103-106

摘要：

针对浑河沈阳—抚顺（沈抚）区域重污染支流污染来源及水质变化特点，优化筛选出潮汐流人工湿地强化脱氮技术、多层组合生物浮岛净化技术，以及傍河藻类塘与水生植物塘联用等支流河修复技术；分析了各项技术的基本原理、处理效果，提出了最佳工艺运行参数，验证了技术在示范工程中的应用效果。结果表明，相关技术对于北方地区重污染支流具有较好的治理效果，具有较高的推广价值。

关键词：重污染支流沈抚区域潮汐流湿地适用性

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Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 10⁵ W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge high-energy sites targeted-energy transition morphology design energy efficiency

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Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 388-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0273-7

摘要： The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.

关键词： campus buildings set-point temperature energy simulation energy saving optimization

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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain new energy vehicle internal combustion engine vehicle life cycle cost technological learning

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Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 9-18 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0818-8

摘要： The structure of a power energy system is becoming more distributed than before. It becomes challenging to manage such a system in a centralized way, because a central authority may not exist or may not be trusted by all parties. Blockchain is a promising tool to address this challenge, by enabling trusted collaboration in the absence of a trusted central authority. Its use in the energy sector has been pioneered by several pilot projects. However, to date the energy sector has not seen large-scale deployment of blockchain, partly because the founders of those pilot projects, the public, and utilities have not reached consensus on the values and limitations of blockchain in energy. This perspective aims to bridge this gap. First, the philosophy and unique values of blockchain are discussed. Second, some promising blockchain-based applications in energy systems are presented. Third, some common misunderstandings of blockchain in energy are discussed. Last, some frequently-asked questions from utilities are discussed. Hopefully this perspective can help advance large-scale deployment of blockchain in energy systems.

关键词： blockchain immutability energy trading energy management data synchronization