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Technical innovation in the “Beishan No. 1” hard rock tunnel boring machine for high-gradient spiral

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2024年 第11卷 第1期   页码 175-179 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0288-7

摘要： Technical innovation in the “Beishan No. 1” hard rock tunnel boring machine for high-gradient spiral tunnels

关键词： tunnel boring machine     extremely hard rock     continuous small-radius curves     high gradient     equipment technology     innovation    

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Enhanced wear prediction of tunnel boring machine disc cutters for accurate remaining useful life estimation

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第4期   页码 642-662 doi: 10.1007/s11709-024-1058-2

摘要： In tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines (TBMs), accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of disc cutters is critical for timely maintenance and replacement to avoid delays and cost overruns. This paper introduces a novel hybrid model, integrating fundamental and data-driven approaches, to enhance wear prediction of TBM disc cutters and enable accurate RUL estimation. The fundamental model is improved by incorporating composite wear mechanisms and load estimation techniques, showcasing superior prediction accuracy compared to single-mechanism models. Additionally, the hybrid model innovatively incorporates a data-driven supplementary residual term into the improved fundamental model, leading to a high-performance wear prediction model. Using actual field data from a highway tunnel project in Shenzhen, the performance of the hybrid model is rigorously tested and compared with pure fundamental and data-driven models. The hybrid model outperforms the other models, achieving the highest accuracy in predicting TBM disc cutter wear (mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.53, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.64). Furthermore, this study thoroughly analyzes the hybrid model’s generalization capability, revealing significant impacts of geological conditions on prediction accuracy. The model’s generalization capability is also improved by expanding and updating the data sets. The RUL estimation results provided by the hybrid model are straightforward and effective, making it a valuable tool by which construction staff can monitor TBM disc cutters.

关键词： tunnel boring machine     disc cutter     wear prediction     remaining useful life     field data     hybrid model    

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Clogging of slurry-shield tunnel-boring machine drives in sedimentary soft rock: A case study

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1502-1516 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0984-8

摘要： This paper presents a case study of the clogging of a slurry-shield tunnel-boring machine (TBM) experienced during tunnel operations in clay-rich argillaceous siltstones under the Ganjiang River, China. The clogging experienced during tunneling was due to special geological conditions, which had a considerably negative impact on the slurry-shield TBM tunneling performance. In this case study, the effect of clogging on the slurry-shield TBM tunneling performance (e.g., advance speed, thrust, torque, and penetration per revolution) was fully investigated. The potential for clogging during tunnel operations in argillaceous siltstone was estimated using an existing empirical classification chart. Many improvement measures have been proposed to mitigate the clogging potential of two slurry-shield TBMs during tunneling, such as the use of an optimum cutting wheel, a replacement cutting tool, improvements to the circulation flushing system and slurry properties, mixed support integrating slurry, and compressed air to support the excavation face. The mechanisms and potential causes of clogging are explained in detail, and the contributions of these mitigation measures to tunneling performance are discussed. By investigating the actual operational parameters of the slurry-shield TBMs, these mitigation measures were proven to be effective in mitigating the clogging potential of slurry-shield TBMs. This case study provides valuable information for slurry-shield TBMs involving tunneling in clay-rich sedimentary rocks.

关键词： slurry-shield TBM     geological investigation     clogging     argillaceous siltstone     TBM performance     mitigation measures    

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Drainage design combining drain holes and pinholes for tunnel boring machine segments subject to high

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1723-1738 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0948-z

摘要： Balance of the groundwater and ecology is crucial for controlled discharge. However, regarding the segments of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) under high water pressure, the stability of the lining structure is often reduced by excessive drain holes required to achieve this balance. The large discharge of pinholes can easily have severe consequences, such as the lowering of the groundwater table, drying of springs, and vegetation wilting. Thus, in this study, according to the fluid–structure coupling theory, a new drainage design for TBM segments was developed by considering a mountain tunnel subject to a high water pressure as a case study. The evolution characteristics, including the external water pressure of the lining, discharge volume of the segment, and groundwater-table drawdown, were investigated via numerical modeling with drain holes and pinholes. The results indicated that the optimal design parameters of drainage segments for the project case were as follows: a circumferential spacing angle and longitudinal number on one side of a single ring of 51° and 2, respectively, for the drain holes and an inclination angle and length of 46.41° and 0.25 times the grouting thickness, respectively, for the pin holes.

关键词： TBM segment     high water pressure     drain hole     pinhole     groundwater table drawdown    

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Real-time prediction of tunnel face conditions using XGBoost Random Forest algorithm

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1777-1795 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0044-4

摘要： Real-time perception of rock conditions based on continuously collected data to meet the requirements of continuous Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) construction presents a critical challenge that warrants increased attention. To achieve this goal, this paper establishes real-time prediction models for fractured and weak rock mass by comparing 6 different algorithms using real-time data collected by the TBM. The models are optimized in terms of selecting metric, selecting input features, and processing imbalanced data. The results demonstrate the following points. (1) The Youden’s index and area under the ROC curve (AUC) are the most appropriate performance metrics, and the XGBoost Random Forest (XGBRF) algorithm exhibits superior prediction and generalization performance. (2) The duration of the TBM loading phase is short, usually within a few minutes after the disc cutter contacts the tunnel face. A model based on the features during the loading phase has a miss rate of 21.8%, indicating that it can meet the early warning needs of TBM construction well. As the TBM continues to operate, the inclusion of features calculated from subsequent data collection can continuously correct the results of the real-time prediction model, ultimately reducing the miss rate to 16.1%. (3) Resampling the imbalanced data set can effectively improve the prediction by the model, while the XGBRF algorithm has certain advantages in dealing with the imbalanced data issue. When the model gives an alarm, the TBM operator and on-site engineer can be reminded and take some necessary measures for avoiding potential tunnel collapse. The real-time predication model can be a useful tool to increase the safety of TBM excavation.

关键词： Tunnel Boring Machine     fractured and weak rock mass     machine learning model     real-time early warming     tunnel face rock condition    

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Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1370-1386 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0947-0

摘要： The tunnel boring machine (TBM) is typically used in hard-rock tunnel excavation. Owing to the unsatisfactory adaptability of TBM to the surrounding rock, when crossing high-strength and high-wear strata, the TBM can easily cause defects, such as abnormal wear on cutters and overload damage to bearings, thus affecting the construction efficiency and cost. Therefore, high-pressure waterjet technology should be applied to assist in rock breaking for efficient TBM tunneling. In this study, the effects of water pressure, nozzle diameter, and nozzle speed on cutting are investigated via laboratory experiments of cutting hard rock using high-pressure waterjets. The penetration performance of the TBM under different water pressures is investigated via a field industrial penetration test. The results show that high-pressure waterjets are highly efficient for rock breaking and are suitable for industrial applications, as they can accommodate the advancing speed of the TBM and achieve high-efficiency rock breaking. However, during the operation of high-pressure waterjets, the ambient temperature and waterjet temperature in the tunnel increase significantly, which weakens the cooling effect of the cutterhead and decreases the construction efficiency of the TBM. Therefore, temperature control and cooling measures for high-pressure waterjets during their long-term operation must be identified. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of high-pressure water-jet-assisted cutterheads for breaking road headers.

关键词： tunnel boring machine     hard-rock cutting     free face     disc cutter     rock-cutting efficiency    

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米德湖3号取水口

Jon Hurt, Claudio Cimiotti

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第6期   页码 880-887 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.007

摘要：
在美国西南部持续干旱的作用下，为了维持拉斯维加斯山谷既有水容量，南内华达水资源管理局在米德湖中新建了一个深水取水口（3 号取水口）。本项目包括一口185 m 深的竖井、十分困难的地质条件下4.7 km 的隧道以及沉没式取水口海事工程。本文介绍设计和施工过程中积累的经验以及为解决隧道开挖过程中遇到的困难而采取的创新性解决方案，隧道开挖采用双模式泥浆隧道掘进机（TBM），压力高达15 bar（1 bar=105 Pa）。其中特别介绍了掘进机开挖过程中克服的主要挑战，包括作业模式、开挖面支撑压力、预注浆和维护；取水口的施工，涉及用锥形炸药爆破的水下竖井开挖；创造性地建设1200 t 以上的混凝土- 钢取水建筑物；取水建筑物在水下竖井中的就位；与混合式掘进机开挖的取水隧道的对接。

关键词： 水下隧道     隧道掘进机开挖     取水口    

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QPSO-ILF-ANN-based optimization of TBM control parameters considering tunneling energy efficiency

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 25-36 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0908-z

摘要： In recent years, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been widely used in tunnel construction. However, the TBM control parameters set based on operator experience may not necessarily be suitable for certain geological conditions. Hence, a method to optimize TBM control parameters using an improved loss function-based artificial neural network (ILF-ANN) combined with quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is proposed herein. The purpose of this method is to improve the TBM performance by optimizing the penetration and cutterhead rotation speeds. Inspired by the regularization technique, a custom artificial neural network (ANN) loss function based on the penetration rate and rock-breaking specific energy as TBM performance indicators is developed in the form of a penalty function to adjust the output of the network. In addition, to overcome the disadvantage of classical error backpropagation ANNs, i.e., the ease of falling into a local optimum, QPSO is adopted to train the ANN hyperparameters (weight and bias). Rock mass classes and tunneling parameters obtained in real time are used as the input of the QPSO-ILF-ANN, whereas the cutterhead rotation speed and penetration are specified as the output. The proposed method is validated using construction data from the Songhua River water conveyance tunnel project. Results show that, compared with the TBM operator and QPSO-ANN, the QPSO-ILF-ANN effectively increases the TBM penetration rate by 14.85% and 13.71%, respectively, and reduces the rock-breaking specific energy by 9.41% and 9.18%, respectively.

关键词： tunnel boring machine     control parameter optimization     quantum particle swarm optimization     artificial neural network     tunneling energy efficiency    

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Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 522-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0930-9

摘要： Owing to long-distance advancement or obstacles, shield tunneling machines are typically shut down for maintenance. Engineering safety during maintenance outages is determined by the stability of the tunnel face. Pressure maintenance openings are typically used under complicated hydrogeological conditions. The tunnel face is supported by a medium at the bottom of the excavation chamber and compressed air at the top. Owing to the high risk of face failure, the necessity of support pressure when cutterhead support is implemented and a method for determining the value of compressed air pressure using different support ratios must to be determined. In this study, a non-fully chamber supported rotational failure model considering cutterhead support is developed based on the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. Numerical simulation is conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The results indicate that appropriately increasing the specific gravity of the supporting medium can reduce the risk of collapse. The required compressed air pressure increases significantly as the support ratio decreases. Disregarding the supporting effect of the cutterhead will result in a tunnel face with underestimated stability. To satisfy the requirement of chamber openings at atmospheric pressure, the stratum reinforcement strength and range at the shield end are provided based on different cutterhead aperture ratios.

关键词： tunnel face stability     cutterhead configuration     aperture ratio     pressure gradient     support ratio    

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电气化铁路二线隧道爆破掘进安全快速施工技术

王发明

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第5期   页码 58-62

摘要：

针对电气化铁路二线隧道爆破掘进如何确保既有线隧道的安全与行车正常运行的问题，文章介绍了分步开挖方法，从掏槽形式、炮眼分布、炮眼装药结构以及起爆技术等角度回答并很好地解决了这一问题，并在实践应用中取得了很好的技术效果与明显的社会效益与经济效益，为类似工程提供了成功经验。

关键词： 电气化铁路     既有线隧道     二线隧道     分步开挖     掏槽形式    

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开挖补偿法防控深部地下岩爆灾害——引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞案例分析

胡杰, 何满潮, 李红儒, 陶志刚, 刘冬桥, 程泰, 彭迪

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第34卷 第3期   页码 154-163 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.013

摘要：

深部地下工程开挖过程中岩爆灾害频发，现有的岩爆防控理念和方法难以满足深部高地应力条件下的施工安全要求，岩爆的有效控制仍然是一个巨大的工程挑战。本文简述了地下开挖诱发岩爆的机理，提出了基于开挖补偿法的岩爆支护策略，依托引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞开展了岩爆支护的现场试验。研究表明：隧道开挖导致围岩的工程应力状态发生变化，并产生多余能量ΔE，这是岩爆发生的根本原因；开挖补偿法是一种高预应力补偿的主动支护策略，旨在抵消深部开挖效应达到降低岩爆灾害风险目的；自主研发的新型负泊松比（NPR）锚杆具有高强、高韧和抗冲击的超常力学特性，可作为开挖补偿法的核心材料；现场试验结果表明开挖补偿法和NPR锚杆可有效控制岩爆灾害。研究结果有望为川藏铁路等深部地下工程的岩爆支护提供指导。

关键词： 岩爆     开挖补偿法     预应力支护     负泊松比（NPR）锚杆     隧道全断面掘进机（TBM）    

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Geological risk prediction under uncertainty in tunnel excavation using online learning and hidden Markov

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-024-0082-1

摘要： The accurate estimation of geological risks is essential for preventing geohazards, and ensuring efficient and safe construction processes. This study proposes a method, the online hidden Markov model (OHMM), which combines online learning with the hidden Markov model to estimate geological risks. The OHMM is tailored for the continuous nature of observational data, allowing it to adaptively update with each new piece of data. To address the challenge of limited data in the early stages of construction, we use pre-construction borehole samples as additional data. This approach extends the short sequence of observed data to match the length of a complete sequence through an observation extension mechanism. The effectiveness of the OHMM, equipped with this observation extension mechanism, is demonstrated in a case study that models geological risks for a tunnel excavation project in Singapore. The OHMM outperforms traditional methods, including the hidden Markov model, long short-term memory network, neural network, and support vector machine, in predicting geological risks ahead of the tunnel boring machine. Notably, the OHMM can accurately forecast geological risks in areas yet to be constructed, using limited observational and site investigation data. This research advances geological risk prediction models by offering an online updating capability for tunnel excavation and construction projects. It enables early-stage risk prediction and provides long-term forecasts with minimal historical data requirements, maximizing the use of site investigation data.

关键词： geological risk prediction     machine learning     online learning     hidden Markov model     borehole logging    

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Realtime prediction of hard rock TBM advance rate using temporal convolutional network (TCN) with tunnel

Zaobao LIU; Yongchen WANG; Long LI; Xingli FANG; Junze WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 401-413 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0823-3

摘要： Real-time dynamic adjustment of the tunnel bore machine (TBM) advance rate according to the rock-machine interaction parameters is of great significance to the adaptability of TBM and its efficiency in construction. This paper proposes a real-time predictive model of TBM advance rate using the temporal convolutional network (TCN), based on TBM construction big data. The prediction model was built using an experimental database, containing 235 data sets, established from the construction data from the Jilin Water-Diversion Tunnel Project in China. The TBM operating parameters, including total thrust, cutterhead rotation, cutterhead torque and penetration rate, are selected as the input parameters of the model. The TCN model is found outperforming the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) model in predicting the TBM advance rate with much smaller values of mean absolute percentage error than the latter two. The penetration rate and cutterhead torque of the current moment have significant influence on the TBM advance rate of the next moment. On the contrary, the influence of the cutterhead rotation and total thrust is moderate. The work provides a new concept of real-time prediction of the TBM performance for highly efficient tunnel construction.

关键词： hard rock tunnel     tunnel bore machine advance rate prediction     temporal convolutional networks     soft computing     construction big data    

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关于硬岩隧道掘进机刀盘设计的进一步研究

Jamal Rostami, Soo-Ho Chang

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第6期   页码 892-904 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.009

摘要：
在隧道项目中，隧道掘进机（TBM）能否顺利施工取决于TBM 系统所有部件（从刀具到后备系统）能否正常运转，并取决于全部机车车辆的配合。而在整个TBM 系统中，刀盘是影响TBM 施工效率最为关键的因素。刀盘的设计影响到掘削效率、刀盘平衡、刀具使用寿命、主轴承/ 齿轮箱维护、出渣效果、面刀和边刀/ 排渣铲斗的磨损情况。总体来说，刀盘设计对掘进速度（ROP）、机器利用率（U）及每日进尺（AR）有重要影响。尽管当前可用文献中已就盘形滚刀、切削力、刀盘的某些设计特征做了讨论，但与本论题相关的文献却十分有限，这是因为刀盘的设计主要由隧道掘进机制造商负责，大部分设计工艺都属制造商专有，虽然本论题当前大受关注，但岩石隧道掘进机的设计对终端客户而言仍是个谜题。本文将试着阐明设计中的基本概念，虽不足以帮助读者进行成熟设计，却可助工程师与承包商理解设计步骤中的构思过程、合理设计中应注意的事项以及刀盘设计对于隧道掘进机运行及寿命周期的意义。

关键词： TBM 刀盘设计     刀盘布置     盘形滚刀     刀具布置形式     TBM 效率    

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A new method for boring of non-circular holes

ZHANG Kai, HU De-jin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第4期   页码 456-460 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0058-3

摘要： A revolving electromagnetic actuation mechanism composed of an electromagnetic stator and an electromagnetic rotor has been developed for boring non-circular holes. The main component of the rotor is a flexure-hinged based flexible body. There are four pole-pair coils in the stator supplying actuation currents. The micro-displacement between the stator and rotor can be controlled by changing the currents applied in the pole-pair coils. Through linearization of the actuation force near the static action point, a linear relationship between the control current and the actuation force was established, and the synchronizing control method of the electromagnetic actuation mechanism is presented here. With two-factor analysis of the linearization error of the actuation force, the influences of control current and micro-displacement to the linearization error of the actuation force were studied. Then, the principle for designing the basic parameters of the magnetic actuation mechanism is put forward. The calibration of the mechanism indicates that the relationship between the micro-displacement of the rotor and the control current has linear characteristics in the required micro-displacement range. Simulation tests show that the turning radius of the rotor changes with the control current. The proposed mechanism can feasibly supply a controllable micro displacement to the boring bar.

关键词： electromagnetic actuation     control method     displacement     flexible body     revolving electromagnetic    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Technical innovation in the “Beishan No. 1” hard rock tunnel boring machine for high-gradient spiral

期刊论文

Enhanced wear prediction of tunnel boring machine disc cutters for accurate remaining useful life estimation

期刊论文

Clogging of slurry-shield tunnel-boring machine drives in sedimentary soft rock: A case study

期刊论文

Drainage design combining drain holes and pinholes for tunnel boring machine segments subject to high

期刊论文

Real-time prediction of tunnel face conditions using XGBoost Random Forest algorithm

期刊论文

Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

期刊论文

米德湖3号取水口

Jon Hurt, Claudio Cimiotti

期刊论文

QPSO-ILF-ANN-based optimization of TBM control parameters considering tunneling energy efficiency

期刊论文

Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

期刊论文

电气化铁路二线隧道爆破掘进安全快速施工技术

王发明

期刊论文

开挖补偿法防控深部地下岩爆灾害——引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞案例分析

胡杰, 何满潮, 李红儒, 陶志刚, 刘冬桥, 程泰, 彭迪

期刊论文

Geological risk prediction under uncertainty in tunnel excavation using online learning and hidden Markov

期刊论文

Realtime prediction of hard rock TBM advance rate using temporal convolutional network (TCN) with tunnel

Zaobao LIU; Yongchen WANG; Long LI; Xingli FANG; Junze WANG

期刊论文

关于硬岩隧道掘进机刀盘设计的进一步研究

Jamal Rostami, Soo-Ho Chang

期刊论文

A new method for boring of non-circular holes

ZHANG Kai, HU De-jin

期刊论文