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日益严重的水资源短缺威胁促使水循环利用增加

Chris Palmer

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第33卷 第2期   页码 6-8 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.003

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Spatiotemporal variation in water footprint of grain production in China

Pute WU,Yubao WANG,Xining ZHAO,Shikun SUN,Jiming JIN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 186-193 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015060

摘要： Water shortage has become a significant constraint to grain production in China. A more holistic approach is needed to understand the links between grain production and water consumption. Water footprint provides a framework to assess water utilization in agriculture production. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in water footprint of grain production (WFGP) in China from 1951 to 2010. The results show that, jointly motivated by the improvement of agricultural production and water use efficiency, WFGP in all areas showed a decreasing trend. National average WFGP has decreased from 3.38 to 1.31 m ·kg . Due to regional differences in agricultural production and water use efficiency, spatial distribution of WFGP varies significantly and its pattern has changed through time. Moreover, WFGP may show significant differences within areas of similar climatic conditions and agricultural practices, indicating that there is a strong need to improve the management of water use technology. Statistical analysis revealed that regional differences in grain yield are the main cause for variations in spatiotemporal WFGP. However, the scope for further increases in grain yield is limited, and thus, the future goal of reducing WFGP is to decrease the water use per unit area.

关键词： water footprint     grain production     grain secu- rity     water scarcity     water-saving    

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Modeling and simulation of industrial water demand of Beijing municipality in China

Shouke WEI, Shafi Noor ISLAM, Alin LEI,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 91-101 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0007-6

摘要： Statistic and econometric regression models were established in this study to analyze and predict industrial water demand, water deficits, and their future uncertainty in Beijing—a Chinese city with a severe water stress problem. A forecasting model was selected based on a modeling evaluation by comparing predictions with observations. Four scenarios were designed to simulate and analyze the future uncertainty of industrial water demand and the water deficit of Beijing. The modeling results for industrial water demand suggested that Beijing industry would face a water deficit between 3.06 × 10 min 2008 and 2.77 × 10 m in 2015, though its industrial water demand would decrease from 6.31× 10 m to 4.84 × 10 m during this period of time. Results from simulated scenario illustrated that, due to the extreme water scarcity situation, industry in Beijing would still face a serious water deficit problem even with a very optimistic scenario for the future.

关键词： water scarcity     water demand     water deficit     modeling     industry     scenario     Beijing    

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Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of sustainable wastewater treatment systems

RULKENS Wim

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 385-396 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0073-1

摘要： The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment. Currently, there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater. Because microbiological treatment methods are, only to a limited part, able to satisfy these needs, the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest. The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups: improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes, achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent, recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse, desalination of brackish water and seawater, and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process. Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role, also requires application of process control and modeling strategies. This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.

关键词： control     beneficial     valuable     scarcity     Development    

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Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual model

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 267-273 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0058-0

摘要： One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving waterbody. The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period, given the scarcity of long-term continuous data. The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution. A practical, event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude, both having certain frequencies of occurrence. This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual model. The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition, obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development.

关键词： representative hydrologic     occurrence     simulation approach     scarcity     alternative    

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水·水资源·农业节水

刘更另

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第7期   页码 39-42

摘要：

文章从水性质特点谈到中国水资源的问题，认为不能单纯用年平均降雨量的多少来判定中国水资源的状况，水资源开发利用的好坏决定于人类社会的调节和管理。中国水资源总的来说是够用的，最大问题是降水量的时空分布不平衡。

中国农民几千年来创造了许多治水蓄水用水的经验。农业节水非常重要，关键在"分散蓄水，分散使用"，以减少径流在汇集和分散过程中的损失和污染，在提高水的利用效率方面有一系列的科研和实际工作要做。

关键词： 水     水资源     农业节水     分散蓄水    

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Managing water for life

Daniel P. LOUCKS, Haifeng JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 255-264 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0359-6

摘要： Water is essential for life. In spite of the entire engineering infrastructure devoted to the treatment, regulation and beneficial uses of water, occasionally sufficient quantities and qualities of water become scarce. When this happens, just how do we decide how much less water to allocate to all of us and the activities we engage in to sustain and enhance our quality of life? This paper addresses some of the complexities of answering such a question, especially as society increasingly recognizes the need to provide flow regimes that will maintain healthy aquatic and floodplain ecosystems that also impact the economic, physical and even the spiritual quality of our lives. For we depend on these ecosystems to sustain our wellbeing. We are indeed a part of our ecosystems. We depend upon on aquatic ecosystems to moderate river flow qualities and quantities, reduce the extremes of floods and droughts, reduce erosion, detoxify and decompose waterborne wastes, generate and preserve flood plain soils and renew their fertility, regulate disease carrying organisms, and to enhance recreational benefits of river systems. This question of deciding just how much water to allocate to each water user and for the maintenance of viable aquatic ecosystems, especially when there is not enough, is a complex, and largely political, issue. This issue is likely to become even more complex and political and contentious in the future as populations grow and as water quantities and their qualities become even more variable and uncertain.

关键词： water stress     aquatic ecosystems     sustainable water resource allocations     ecosystem water requirements    

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Drinking water quality & health risk assessment of secondary water supply systems in residential neighborhoods

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1778-5

摘要：

● Most water samples had excellent quality and negligible or acceptable health risks.

关键词： Drinking water quality     Water quality index     Health risk assessment     Secondary water supply systems     Heavy metals    

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The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiencyand green and blue water footprint

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 185-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017149

摘要： This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency (IE), crop water use efficiency (WUE), and green and blue water footprint (WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the AquaCrop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE (by 5%) and reducing blue WF (by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE (by 4% and 10%, respectively) and reduced blue WF (by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular, WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.

关键词： field management     irrigation efficiency     water footprint     water productivity     water use efficiency    

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Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident-technology and practice in China

Xiaojian ZHANG , Chao CHEN ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 364-368 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0027-2

摘要： An investigation into emergency potable water treatment technologies was conducted to investigate China’s water pollution situation. In order to confirm optimum parameters, the technological efficiency of each pollutant was obtained. About 100 contaminants were tested to find the emergency treatment technologies, most of which were found to be positive. This paper presents the three largest and most significant water pollution incidents in China to date, analyzing cases such as the nitrobenzene pollution incident in the Songhua River in November 2005, the cadmium pollution incident in the Beijiang River in December 2005, and the water crisis with odorous tap water in Wuxi City in May 2007.

关键词： emergency drinking water treatment     water pollution     adsorption     oxidation     precipitation    

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Bioinspired and biomimetic membranes for water purification and chemical separation: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1412-8

摘要：

•The history of biological and artificial water channels is reviewed.

关键词： Aquaporins     Artificial water channels     Biomimetic membranes     Chemical separation and water purification    

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Molecular analysis of bacterial community in the tap water with different water ages of a drinking water

Feng Wang, Weiying Li, Yue Li, Junpeng Zhang, Jiping Chen, Wei Zhang, Xuan Wu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1020-4

摘要： Bacterial community in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) was regulated by multiple environmental factors, many of which varied as a function of water age. In this study, four water samples with different water ages, including finished water (FW, 0 d) and tap water (TW) [TW1 (1 d), TW2(2 d) and TW3(3 d)], were collected along with the mains of a practical DWDS, and the bacterial community was investigated by high-throughput sequencing technique. Results indicated that the residual chlorine declined with the increase of water age, accompanied by the increase of dissolved organic matter, total bacteria counts and bacterial diversity (Shannon). For bacterial community composition, although Proteobacteria phylum (84.12%-97.6%) and Alphaproteobacteria class (67.42%-93.09%) kept dominate, an evident regular was observed at the order level. In detail, the relative abundance of most of other residual orders increased with different degrees from the start to the end of the DWDS, while a downward trend was uniquely observed in terms of Rhizobiales, who was inferred to be chlorine-resistant and be helpful for inhibiting pipes corrosion. Moreover, some OTUs were found to be closely related with species possessing pathogenicity and chlorine-resistant ability, so it was recommended that the use of agents other than chlorine or agents that can act synergically with chlorine should be developed for drinking water disinfection. This paper revealed bacterial community variations along the mains of the DWDS and the result was helpful for understanding bacterial ecology in the DWDS.

关键词： Bacterial community     Water age     High-throughput sequencing technique     Drinking water distribution system    

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A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing

ZHANG Xiaojian,MI Zilong,WANG Yang,LIU Shuming,NIU Zhangbin,LU Pinpin,WANG Jun,GU Junnong,CHEN Chao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 417-426 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0558-4

摘要： A red water phenomenon occurred in several communities few days after the change of water source in Beijing, China in 2008. In this study, the origin of this problem, the mechanism of iron release and various control measures were investigated. The results indicated that a significant increase in sulphate concentration as a result of the new water source was the cause of the red water phenomenon. The mechanism of iron release was found that the high-concentration sulphate in the new water source disrupted the stable shell of scale on the inner pipe and led to the release of iron compounds. Experiments showed that the iron release rate in the new source water within pipe section was over 11-fold higher than that occurring within the local source water. The recovery of tap water quality lasted several months despite ameliorative measures being implemented, including adding phosphate, reducing the overall proportion of the new water source, elevating the pH and alkalinity, and utilizing free chlorine as a disinfectant instead of chloramine. Adding phosphate was more effective and more practical than the other measures. The iron release rate was decreased after the addition of 1.5 mg·L orthophosphate- P, tripolyphosphate-P and hexametaphosphate-P by 68%, 83% and 87%, respectively. Elevating the pH and alkalinity also reduced the iron release rate by 50%. However, the iron release rate did not decreased after replacing chloramine by 0.5–0.8 mg·L of free chlorine as disinfectant.

关键词： iron release     drinking water distribution system     sulphate     phosphate     red water control     water quality stability    

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Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water

Ting Zhang, Heze Liu, Yiyuan Zhang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1214-4

摘要： Genotoxicity of substances is unknown in the water after treatment processes. Genotoxicity decreased by activated carbon treatment but increased by chlorination. Halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds contribute to genotoxicity. Genotoxicity was assessed by umu test; acute and chronic toxicity by ECOSAR. Inconsistent results confirmed that genotoxicity cannot be assessed by ECOSAR. Advanced water treatment is commonly used to remove micropollutants such as pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and disinfection byproducts in modern drinking water treatment plants. However, little attention has been paid to the changes in the genotoxicity of substances remaining in the water following the different water treatment processes. In this study, samples were collected from three drinking water treatment plants with different treatment processes. The treated water from each process was analyzed and compared for genotoxicity and the formation of organic compounds. The genotoxicity was evaluated by an umu test, and the acute and chronic toxicity was analyzed through Ecological Structure- Activity Relationship (ECOSAR). The results of the umu test indicated that biological activated carbon reduced the genotoxicity by 38%, 77%, and 46% in the three drinking water treatment plants, respectively, while chlorination increased the genotoxicity. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were major contributors to genotoxicity. The results of ECOSAR were not consistent with those of the umu test. Therefore, we conclude that genotoxicity cannot be determined using ECOSAR .

关键词： Drinking water     Treatment process     Genotoxicity     Umu test     Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship    

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Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges

Haiyan Yang, Shangping Xu, Derek E. Chitwood, Yin Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1254-9

摘要： • CWF is a sustainable POU water treatment method for developing areas. • CWF manufacturing process is critical for its filtration performance. • Simultaneous increase of flow rate and pathogen removal is a challenge. • Control of pore size distribution holds promises to improve CWF efficiency. • Novel coatings of CWFs are a promising method to improve contaminant removal. Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment techniques, which improve drinking water quality at the household level, offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Ceramic water filters (CWFs), fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor, are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness, low-cost and ease of use. This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs, including (1) CWF manufacturing process (raw material selection, firing process, silver impregnation), and (2) source water quality. Then, an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs, including (1) simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency, and (2) removal of various concerning pollutants, such as viruses and metal(loid)s. To promote the application of CWFs, future research directions can focus on: (1) investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters; and (2) exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.

关键词： Point-of-use water treatment     Ceramic water filter     Bacterial removal     Surface modification     Water quality    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

日益严重的水资源短缺威胁促使水循环利用增加

Chris Palmer

期刊论文

Spatiotemporal variation in water footprint of grain production in China

Pute WU,Yubao WANG,Xining ZHAO,Shikun SUN,Jiming JIN

期刊论文

Modeling and simulation of industrial water demand of Beijing municipality in China

Shouke WEI, Shafi Noor ISLAM, Alin LEI,

期刊论文

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of sustainable wastewater treatment systems

RULKENS Wim

期刊论文

Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual model

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

期刊论文

水·水资源·农业节水

刘更另

期刊论文

Managing water for life

Daniel P. LOUCKS, Haifeng JIA

期刊论文

Drinking water quality & health risk assessment of secondary water supply systems in residential neighborhoods

期刊论文

The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiencyand green and blue water footprint

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

期刊论文

Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident-technology and practice in China

Xiaojian ZHANG , Chao CHEN ,

期刊论文

Bioinspired and biomimetic membranes for water purification and chemical separation: A review

期刊论文

Molecular analysis of bacterial community in the tap water with different water ages of a drinking water

Feng Wang, Weiying Li, Yue Li, Junpeng Zhang, Jiping Chen, Wei Zhang, Xuan Wu

期刊论文

A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing

ZHANG Xiaojian,MI Zilong,WANG Yang,LIU Shuming,NIU Zhangbin,LU Pinpin,WANG Jun,GU Junnong,CHEN Chao

期刊论文

Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water

Ting Zhang, Heze Liu, Yiyuan Zhang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

期刊论文

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges

Haiyan Yang, Shangping Xu, Derek E. Chitwood, Yin Wang

期刊论文