摘要: Food security is not simply about maintaining yields, but it is also about the need for a stable supply of nutritionally diverse foods. Obtaining nutritious food is a major challenge facing humanity, and diverse aquatic ecosystems can help meet this goal. To test how aquatic biodiversity affects human health, we assembled a dataset of nutrients, contaminants, and ecological traits of 801 aquatic species. We used ecological models to quantify the role of species richness and ecological functional diversity and found that these biodiversity dimensions enhanced seafood micronutrient and fatty acid provisioning by the same mechanisms that link biodiversity to productivity in grasslands, forests, and other systems. Our results underscore the need to minimize aquatic biodiversity loss to sustain and improve human well-being. Data and code are available at GitHub () and are archived using Zenodo with DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.4474988][1]. Data are available on Dryad () ([94][2]). [1]: https://zenodo.org/record/4474988 [2]: #ref-94