2018, Volume 13, Issue 1
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering >> 2018, Volume 13, Issue 1 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0496-8
Fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review
1. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Hangzhou University, Zhejiang 310027, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
2. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an integrated discipline that involves engineering and natural science in the development of biological materials to replace, repair, and improve the function of diseased or missing tissues. Traditional medical and surgical treatments have been reported to have side effects on patients caused by organ necrosis and tissue loss. However, engineered tissues and organs provide a new way to cure specific diseases. Scaffold fabrication is an important step in the TE process. This paper summarizes and reviews the widely used scaffold fabrication methods, including conventional methods, electrospinning, three-dimensional printing, and a combination of molding techniques. Furthermore, the differences among the properties of tissues, such as pore size and distribution, porosity, structure, and mechanical properties, are elucidated and critically reviewed. Some studies that combine two or more methods are also reviewed. Finally, this paper provides some guidance and suggestions for the future of scaffold fabrication.
Keywords
tissue engineering ; scaffolds ; electrospinning ; 3D printing ; molding techniques ; conventional methods
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