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2017, Volume 11, Issue 2

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Frontiers of Medicine >> 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0505-z

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1): a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of infectious diseases

. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chenzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, China.. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China.. Department of SICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China

Available online: 2017-06-01
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Abstract

Sensitive and useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of infectious diseases have been widely developed. An example of these biomarkers is triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1), which is a cell surface receptor expressed on monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. TREM-1 amplifies inflammation by activating the TREM-1/DAP12 pathway. This pathway is triggered by the interaction of TREM-1 with ligands or stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are secreted. Soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) is a special form of TREM-1 that can be directly tested in human body fluids and well-known biomarker for infectious diseases. sTREM-1 level can be potentially used for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of some infectious diseases, including infectious pleural effusion, lung infections, sepsis, bacterial meningitis, viral infections (e.g., Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and dengue fever), fungal infections (e.g., infection), and burn-related infections. sTREM-1 is a more sensitive and specific biomarker than traditional indices, such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels, for these infectious diseases. Therefore, sTREM-1 is a feasible biomarker for the targeted therapy and rapid and early diagnosis of infectious diseases.

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