Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering
>> 2012,
Volume 6,
Issue 4
doi:
10.1007/s11705-012-1215-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparison of the morphology and structure of WO
1. Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; 2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Surabaya State Shipbuilding Polytechnic, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; 3. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Taiwan Tech (NTUST), Taipei 106, China
Available online: 2012-12-05
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Abstract
Tungsten (VI) oxide (WO ) nanomaterials were synthesized by a sol-gel method using WCl and C H OH as precursors followed by calcination or hydrothermal treatment. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the materials. There were significant differences between the WO materials that were calcinated and those that were subjected to a hydrothermal process. The XRD results revealed that calcination temperatures of 300°C and 400°C gave hexagonal structures and temperatures of 500°C and 600°C gave monoclinic structures. The SEM images showed that an increase in calcination temperature led to a decrease in the WO powder particle size. The TEM analysis showed that several nanoparticles agglomerated to form bigger clusters. The hydrothermal process produced hexagonal structures for holding times of 12, 16, and 20 h and monoclinic structures for a holding time of 24 h. The SEM results showed transparent rectangular particles which according to the TEM results originated from the aggregation of several nanotubes.
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