Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering
>> 2011,
Volume 5,
Issue 3
doi:
10.1007/s11709-011-0112-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Coupled diffusion of chloride and other ions in saturated concrete
1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; 2. Department of Mathematics and Statistic, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH 03824, USA; 3. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, USA
Available online: 2011-09-05
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Abstract
Corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride ions is one of the severe deterioration problems in long-term performance of reinforced concrete structures. The deterioration process is frequently found in marine concrete structures, highway pavements, and bridges exposed to deicing salts. The diffusion of chloride ions is associated and strongly affected by other ions in the pore solution in concrete. In this paper, chloride penetration into concrete structures was mathematically characterized by the Nernst-Planck equation which considered not only diffusion mechanism of the chloride ions but also ionic interaction among other ions coming from externally applied deicers and within the Portland cement paste. Electroneutrality was used to determine the electrostatic potential induced by the ionic interaction. The material models of chloride binding capacity and chloride diffusion coefficient were incorporated in the governing equations. The governing equations were solved by using finite element method. A numerical example was used to illustrate the coupling effect of multi-ionic interactions and the effect of influential parameters. The numerical results obtained from the present model agreed very well with available test data.
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