Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
>> 2009,
Volume 3,
Issue 1
doi:
10.1007/s11783-009-0011-x
Quantitative analysis of CO
1. Kansai Research Centre, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Kobe 651-0073, Japan; 2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Available online: 2009-03-05
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Abstract
The increasing volume of CO embodiment in international trade adds a layer of complexity to environmental policies and has raised arguments on the traditional production based responsibility for CO emissions. In order to help understand the quantity of CO embodiment in trade and its policy implications, this paper gives observations to recently emerging literatures that quantitatively discuss CO embodiment in trade. The analytical approaches share the principle of using input and output modeling but vary dramatically in study boundary and estimation accuracy. The calculations can be roughly categorized into three types: direct quantification of CO embodiments in multiregional trade, direct quantification of CO embodiment in bilateral trade, and indirect analysis by comparing the scenarios with or without trade. The practical estimations strongly rely on trade partner selection and data availability. An obvious imbalance of net CO embodiment in the commodity trade between major developed countries and developing economies as a whole was confirmed by these literatures. Carbon taxes and other possible limitations on CO emissions have been addressed. The consistency across the calculations could be enhanced by systematic analyses in more detail to convince the international community to take binding commitments for the reduction of global CO emissions.
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