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2010, Volume 4, Issue 3

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering >> 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0235-9

Bioreduction of nitrate in groundwater using a pilot-scale hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

1.Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 2.CH2M Hill, Englewood, CO 80112, USA; 3.Applied Process Technology, Inc., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, USA; 4.City of Glendale, Glendale, AZ 85303, USA;

Available online: 2010-09-05
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Abstract

A long-term pilot-scale H-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater. A key feature of this second-generation pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester hollow fibers and still achieved high loading rate. The steady-state maximum nitrate surface loading at which the effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) was at least 5.9 g·N·(m·d), which corresponds to a maximum volumetric loading of at least 7.7 kg·N·(m·d) . The steady-state maximum nitrate surface area loading was higher than the highest nitrate surface loading reported in the first-generation MBfRs using composite fibers (2.6 g·N·(m·d)). This work also evaluated the H-utilization efficiency in MBfR. The measured H supply rate was only slightly higher than the stoichiometric H-utilization rate. Thus, H utilization was controlled by diffusion and was close to 100% efficiency, as long as biofilm accumulated on the polyester-fiber surface and the fibers had no leaks.

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