RESEARCH ARTICLE
Removing polybrominated diphenyl ethers in pure water using Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles
1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.2. Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.3. South China Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China.4. Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
Available online: 2015-10-08
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as fire-retardants. Due to their high production volume, widespread usage, and environmental persistence, PBDEs have become ubiquitous contaminants in various environments.Nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) is an effective reductant for many halogenated organic compounds. To enhance the degradation efficiency, ZVI/Palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (nZVI/Pd) were synthesized in this study to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in water. Approximately 90% of BDE209 was rapidly removed by nZVI/Pd within 80 min, whereas about 25% of BDE209 was removed by nZVI. Degradation of BDE209 by nZVI/Pd fits pseudo-first-order kinetics. An increase in pH led to sharply decrease the rate of BDE209 degradation. The degradation rate constant in the treatment with initial pH at 9.0 was more than 6.8 × higher than that under pH 5.0. The degradation intermediates of BDE209 by nZVI/Pd were identified and the degradation pathways were hypothesized. Results from this study suggest that nZVI/Pd may be an effective tool for treating polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water.
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