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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering >> 2016, Volume 10, Issue 5 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0861-y

Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. .. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. .. Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control (Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China. .. Sino-Japan Friendship Environmental Protection Center, Beijing 100029, China. .. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Available online: 2016-07-12

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Abstract

Four types of S-rich particles are identified by SEM/FESEM-EDX With on-line observation, characteristics of S-rich particles are discovered Intensities of formation of S-rich particles are seasonally different Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

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