[ 1 ] Executive Office of the President, National Science and Technology Council. A national strategic plan for advanced manufacturing. Report. Washington, DC: Office of Science and Technology Policy; 2012 Feb.

[ 2 ] White House Office of the Press. President Obama launches Advanced Manufacturing Partnership [Internet]. Washington, DC: White House; [updated 2011 Jun 24; cited 2017 Dec 20]. Available from: https:// obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/06/24/president-obama-launches-advanced-manufacturing-partnership.

[ 3 ] Kagermann H, Wahlster W, Helbig J. Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative Industrie 4.0: Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Munich: National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech); 2013 Apr. link1

[ 4 ] Foresight. The future of manufacturing: A new era of opportunity and challenge for the UK. Project report. London: The Government Office for Science; 2013 Oct.

[ 5 ] The new face of industry in France [Internet]. Paris: Government of the French Republic; [cited 2017 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.economie.gouv. fr/files/nouvelle_france_industrielle_english.pdf.

[ 6 ] Taki H. Towards technological innovation of Society 5.0. J Inst Electr Eng Jpn 2017;137(5):275. Japanese. link1

[ 7 ] Han SY. Industry Innovation 3.0. APO News 2014;44(4):8.

[ 8 ] State Council of the People’s Republic of China. ‘‘Made in China 2025” plan unveiled [Internet]. Beijing: State Council of the People’s Republic of China; [updated 2015 May 19; cited 2017 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.gov. cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/19/content_9784.htm. Chinese.

[ 9 ] Evans PC, Annunziata M. Industrial Internet: Pushing the boundaries of minds and machines. Boston: General Electric; 2012.

[10] National Manufacturing Strategy Advisory Committee, Center of Strategic Studies of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Intelligent manufacturing. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry; 2016. Chinese.

[11] Hu H, Zhao M, Ning Z, Guo Z, Chen Z, Zhu D, et al. Three-body intelligence revolution. Beijing: China Machine Press; 2016. Chinese.

[12] Lee J, Ni J, Wang AZ. From big data to intelligent manufacturing. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press; 2016. Chinese.

[13] Lee J, Qiu B, Liu Z, Wei M. Cyber-physical system: The new-generation of industrial intelligence. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press; 2017. Chinese.

[14] Zhou J. Intelligent manufacturing—Main direction of ‘‘Made in China 2025”. China Mech Eng 2015;26(17):2273–84. Chinese.

[15] Chen D, Heyer S, Ibbotson S, Salonitis K, Steingrímsson JG, Thiede S. Direct digital manufacturing: Definition, evolution, and sustainability implications. J Cleaner Prod 2015;107:615–25. link1

[16] Chryssolouris G, Mavrikios D, Papakostas N, Mourtzis D, Michalos G, Georgoulias K. Digital manufacturing: History, perspectives, and outlook. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part B 2009;223(5):451–62. link1

[17] Kang HS, Lee JY, Choi SS, Kim H, Park JH, Son JY, et al. Smart manufacturing: Past research, present findings, and future directions. Int J Precis Eng Manuf-Green Technol 2016;3(1):111–28. link1

[18] Shah R, Ward PT. Lean manufacturing: Context, practice bundles, and performance. J Oper Manag 2003;21(2):129–49. link1

[19] Shen W, Hao Q, Yoon HJ, Norrie DH. Applications of agent-based systems in intelligent manufacturing: An updated review. Adv Eng Inform 2006;20(4):415–31. link1

[20] Zhang L, Luo Y, Tao F, Li BH, Ren L, Zhang X, et al. Cloud manufacturing: A new manufacturing paradigm. Enterp Inf Syst 2014;8(2):167–87. link1

[21] Tao F, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Nee AYC. Advanced manufacturing systems: Socialization characteristics and trends. J Intell Manuf 2017;28(5): 1079–94. link1

[22] Browne J, Dubois D, Rathmill K, Sethi SP, Stecke KE. Classification of flexible manufacturing systems. FMS Mag 1984;2(2):114–7. link1

[23] Merchant ME. Manufacturing in the 21st century. J Mater Process Technol 1994;44(3–4):145–55.

[24] Pan Y. Heading toward artificial intelligence 2.0. Engineering 2016;2(4):409–13. link1

[25] Zhou J. Digitalization and intelligentization of manufacturing industry. Adv Manuf 2013;1(1):1–7. link1

[26] Brown RG. Driving digital manufacturing to reality. In: Joines JA, Barton RR, Kang K, Fishwick PA, editors 2000 Winter Simulation Conference proceedings; 2000 Dec 10–13; Orlando, FL, USA. Piscataway: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.; 2000. p. 224–8. link1

[27] Yoshikawa H. Manufacturing and the 21st century—Intelligent manufacturing systems and the renaissance of the manufacturing industry. Technol Forecast Soc Change 1995;49(2):195–213. link1

[28] Wu D, Rosen DW, Wang L, Schaefer D. Cloud-based design and manufacturing: A new paradigm in digital manufacturing and design innovation. Comput-Aided Des 2015;59:1–14. link1

[29] Tian GY, Yin G, Taylor D. Internet-based manufacturing: A review and a new infrastructure for distributed intelligent manufacturing. J Intell Manuf 2002;13(5):323–38. link1

[30] Lee J, Bagheri B, Kao HA. A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manuf Lett 2015;3:18–23. link1

[31] Li BH, Zhang L, Wang SL, Tao F, Cao JW, Jiang XD, et al. Cloud manufacturing: A new service-oriented networked manufacturing model. Comput Integr Manuf Sys 2010;16(1):1–7, 16. Chinese. link1

[32] Lee J. E-manufacturing—Fundamental, tools, and transformation. Robot Comput-Integr Manuf 2003;19(6):501–7. link1

[33] Stankovic JA. Research directions for the Internet of Things. IEEE IoT J 2014;1(1):3–9. link1

[34] Bryner M. Smart manufacturing: The next revolution. Chem Eng Prog 2012;10:4–8. link1

[35] Sendler U, editor. Industrie 4.0—Beherrschung der industriellen Komplexität mit SysLM. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg; 2013. German. link1

[36] Hermann M, Pentek T, Otto B. Design principles for Industrie 4.0 scenarios. In: Bui TX, Sprague RH Jr, editors Proceedings of the 49th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; 2016 Jan 5–8; Kauai, HI, USA. Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society Press; 2016. p. 3928–37 link1

[37] Jazdi N. Cyber physical systems in the context of Industry 4.0. In: Miclea L, Stoian I, Enyedi S, Va˘lean H, Stan O, Sanislav T, et al., editors Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics; 2014 May 22–24; Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Piscataway: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.; 2014. p. 1–4. link1

[38] Lu Y, Morris KC, Frechette S. Standards landscape and directions for smart manufacturing systems. In: Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering; 2015 Aug 24–28; Gothenburg, Sweden. Piscataway: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.; 2015. p. 998–1005. link1

[39] Zhong RY, Xu X, Klotz E, Newman ST. Intelligent manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0: A review. Engineering 2017;3(5):616–30. link1

[40] Li BH, Hou BC, Yu WT, Lu XB, Yang CW. Applications of artificial intelligence in intelligent manufacturing: A review. Frontiers Inf Technol Electronic Eng 2017;18(1):86–96.

[41] Kusiak A. Smart manufacturing must embrace big data. Nature 2017;544 (7648):23–5. link1

[42] Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G. The Internet of Things: A survey. Comput Netw 2010;54(15):2787–805. link1

[43] Mayer-Schönberger V, Cukier K. Big data: A revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think. London: John Murray; 2014.

[44] Marston S, Li Z, Bandyopadhyay S, Zhang J, Ghalsasi A. Cloud computing—The business perspective. Decis Support Syst 2011;51(1):176–89. link1

[45] Mell P, Grance T. The NIST definition of cloud computing. Technical report. Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology; 2011 Sep. Report No.: SP 800-145. link1

[46] Fosso Wamba S, Akter S, Edwards A, Chopin G, Gnanzou D. How ‘‘big data” can make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study. Int J Prod Econ 2015;165:234–46. link1

[47] Wu J. Intelligence times. Beijing: China CITIC Press; 2016. Chinese.

[48] Han Q, Liang S, Zhang H. Mobile cloud sensing, big data, and 5G networks make an intelligent and smart world. IEEE Netw 2015;29(2):40–5. link1

[49] Executive Office of the President, National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology. Preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. Washington, DC: Office of Science and Technology Policy; 2016.

[50] State Council of the People’s Republic of China. Development planning for a new generation of artificial intelligence [Internet]. Beijing: State Council of the People’s Republic of China; [updated 2017 Jul 20; cited 2017 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-07/20/content_5211996.htm. Chinese.

[51] Brynjolfsson E, McAfee A. The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.; 2014.

[52] Sowe SK, Simmon E, Zettsu K, de Vaulx F, Bojanova I. Cyber-physical human systems: Putting people in the loop. IT Prof 2016;18(1):10–3. link1

[53] Ma M, Lin W, Pan D, Lin Y, Wang P, Zhou Y, et al. Data and decision intelligence for human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems: Reference model, recent progresses and challenges. J Sign Process Syst 2017;4:1–12. link1

[54] Baheti R, Gill H. Cyber-physical systems. In: Samad T, Annaswamy AM, editors.The impact of control technology. New York: IEEE Control Systems Society; 2011. p. 161–6.

[55] Rajkumar R, Lee I, Sha L, Stankovic J. Cyber-physical systems: The next computing revolution. In: Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference; 2010 Jun 13–18; Anaheim, CA, USA. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.; 2010. p. 731–6. link1

[56] Sha L, Gopalakrishnan S, Liu X, Wang Q. Cyber-physical systems: A new frontier.In: Singhal M, Serugendo GDM, Tsai JJP, Lee WC, Romer K, Tseng YC, et al., editors Proceedings of 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing; 2008 Jun 11–13; Taichung, Taiwan, China. Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society Press; 2008. p. 1–9. link1

[57] Schirner G, Erdogmus D, Chowdhury K, Padir T. The future of human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems. Computer 2013;46(1):36–45. link1

[58] Meyer GG, Främling K, Holmström J. Intelligent products: A survey. Comput Ind 2009;60(3):137–48. link1

[59] Zuehlke D. SmartFactory—Towards a factory-of-things. Annu Rev Control 2010;34(1):129–38. link1

[60] Zhong RY, Dai QY, Qu T, Hu GJ, Huang GQ. RFID-enabled real-time manufacturing execution system for mass-customization production. Robot Comput-Integr Manuf 2013;29(2):283–92. link1

[61] Jardim-Goncalves R, Romero D, Grilo A. Factories of the future: Challenges and leading innovations in intelligent manufacturing. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 2017;30(1):4–14. link1

[62] Wang S, Wan J, Li D, Zhang C. Implementing smart factory of Industrie 4.0: An outlook. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 2016;12(1):1–10. link1

[63] Anderl R. Industrie 4.0—Advanced engineering of smart products and smart production. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Seminar on High Technology; 2014 Oct 9; Piracicaba, Brasil; 2014. p. 1–14. link1

[64] Holler M, Uebernickel F, Brenner W. Understanding the business value of intelligent products for product development in manufacturing industries. In: Proceedings of the 2016 8th International Conference on Information Management and Engineering; 2016 Nov 2–5; Istanbul, Turkey. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.; 2016. p. 18–24. link1

[65] Lee J, Wu F, Zhao W, Ghaffari M, Liao L, Siegel D. Prognostics and health management design for rotary machinery systems—Reviews, methodology and applications. Mech Syst Signal Process 2014;42(1–2):314–34. link1

[66] Tao F, Cheng Y, Xu LD, Zhang L, Li BH. CCIoT-CMfg: Cloud computing and Internet of Things-based cloud manufacturing service system. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 2014;10(2):1435–42. link1

[67] Xu X. From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing. Robot Comput-Integr Manuf 2012;28(1):75–86. link1

[68] State Council of the People’s Republic of China. Guidance of deepening ‘‘Internet + Advanced Manufacturing” and developing Industrial Internet [Internet]. Beijing: State Council of the People’s Republic of China; [updated 2017 Nov 27; cited 2017 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.gov.cn/ zhengce/content/2017-11/27/content_5242582.htm. Chinese.

[69] Browning TR. Applying the design structure matrix to system decomposition and integration problems: A review and new directions. IEEE Trans Eng Manage 2001;48(3):292–306. link1

[70] Chen Y. Integrated and intelligent manufacturing: Perspectives and enablers. Engineering 2017;3(5):588–95. link1

[71] China Cyber-Physical Systems Development Forum. Cyber-Physical Systems white paper (2017) [Internet]. Beijing: China Electronics Standardization Institute; c2009–17 [updated 2017 Mar 1; cited 2017 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.cesi.ac.cn/201703/2251.html. Chinese. link1

[72] Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Notice on soliciting opinions on ‘‘Guidance of national standard of intelligent manufacturing system (2018 edition)” [Internet]. [updated 2018 January 15; cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/ n1652858/n1653100/n3767755/c6013858/content.html. Chinese.