2020, Volume 6, Issue 9
Engineering >> 2020, Volume 6, Issue 9 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.014
Enhancing the Combustion Performance of Metastable Al@AP/PVDF Nanocomposites by Doping with Graphene Oxide
Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermostructure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Next Previous
Abstract
A new group of energetic metastable intermixed composites (MICs) was designed and fabricated by means of the spray granulation technique. These MICs are composed of aluminum (Al) as the fuel, ammonium perchlorate (AP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the co oxidizer. The AP/PVDF ratio was optimized by taking the maximum energy release as the criteria. A minor content of graphene oxide (GO) was also doped in the MICs to act as both lubricant and catalyst. It was shown that Al@AP/PVDF with 0.2% GO has the greatest density (2.57 g·cm–3 ) and highest heat of reaction (5999.5 J•g–1). These values are much higher than those of Al@AP/PVDF (2.00 g·cm–3 and 5569.8 J•g–1 ). The inclusion of GO increases the solidstate reaction rate of Al@AP/PVDF and improves the thermal stability. The flame propagation rate was increased up to 4.76 m·s–1 by doping with 0.2% GO, and was about 10.7% higher than that of Al@AP/ PVDF. Al@AP/PVDF-GO has a better interfacial contact and particle distribution, which results in an improved heat-transfer rate, freedom from the agglomeration of nano Al particles, and an improved combustion reaction rate. This work demonstrates a new strategy to improve the energy release rate and combustion efficiency of Al-based MICs.
Keywords
Metastable intermixed composites ; Al@AP/PVDF nanocomposites ; Graphene oxide ; Energy output ; Combustion characteristics
Figures
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
References
[ 1 ] He W, Liu PJ, He GQ, Gozin M, Yan QL. Highly reactive metastable intermixed composites (MICs): preparation and characterization. Adv Mater 2018;30 (41):1706293. link1
[ 2 ] Bockmon BS, Pantoya ML, Son SF, Asay BW, Mang JT. Combustion velocities and propagation mechanisms of metastable interstitial composites. J Appl Phys 2005;98(6):064903. link1
[ 3 ] Yan QL, Zhao FQ, Kuo KK, Zhang XH, Zeman S, DeLuca LT. Catalytic effects of nano additives on decomposition and combustion of RDX- HMX-, and APbased energetic compositions. Prog Energ Combust Sci 2016;57:75–136. link1
[ 4 ] Yan QL, Gozin M, Zhao FQ, Cohen A, Pang SP. Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials. Nanoscale 2016; 8(9):4799–851. link1
[ 5 ] Asay BW, Son SF, Busse JR, Oschwald DM. Ignition characteristics of metastable intermolecular composites. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 2010;29(4):216–9. link1
[ 6 ] Siegert B, Comet M, Muller O, Pourroy G, Spitze D. Reduced-sensitivity nanothermites containing manganese oxide filled carbon nanofibers. J Phys Chem C 2010;114(46):19562–8. link1
[ 7 ] Yu C, Zhang W, Shen R, Xu X, Cheng J, Ye JH, et al. Tunable microwave absorption in Co–Al substituted M-type Ba–Sr hexagonal ferrite. Mater Des 2016;110:749–61. link1
[ 8 ] Gao K, Li G, Luo Y, Wang L, Shen L, Wang G. Preparation and characterization of the AP/Al/Fe2O3 ternary nano-thermites. J Therm Anal Calorim 2014;118 (1):43–9. link1
[ 9 ] Joshi A, Mer KKS, Bhattacharya S, Patel VK. Nano-aluminium as catalyst in thermal decomposition of energetic materials. In: Bhattacharya S, Agarwal A, Rajagopalan T, Patel V, editors. Nano-energetic materials. Singapore: Springer; 2019. p. 109–20. link1
[10] Zhu YL, Huang H, Ren H, Jiao QL. Influence of aluminum particle size on thermal decomposition of RDX. J Energ Mater 2013;31(3):178–91. link1
[11] Sadeghipour S, Ghaderian J, Wahid MA. Advances in aluminum powder usage as an energetic material and applications for rocket propellant. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of Advances in Thermofluids; 2011 Oct 3–4; Melaka, Malaysia; 2012..
[12] He W, Liu P, Gong F, Tao B, Gu J, Yang Z, et al. Tuning the reactivity of metastable intermixed composite n-Al/PTFE by polydopamine interfacial control. Appl Mater Interfaces 2018;10:32849–58. link1
[13] He W, Ao W, Yang GC, Yang ZJ, Guo ZQ, Liu PJ, et al. Metastable energetic nanocomposites of MOF-activated aluminum featured with multi-level energy releases. Chem Eng J 2019;381:122623. link1
[14] Tang DY, Chen SW, Liu XL, He W, Yang GC, Liu PJ, et al. Controlled reactivity of metastable n-Al@Bi(IO3)3 by employment of tea polyphenols as an interfacial layer. Chem Eng J 2019;381:122747. link1
[15] Eslami A, Hosseini SG, Bazrgary M. Improvement of thermal decomposition properties of ammonium perchlorate particles using some polymer coating agents. J Therm Anal Calorim 2013;113(2):721–30. link1
[16] Fang C, Li S. Experimental research of the effects of superfine aluminum powders on the combustion characteristics of NEPE propellants. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 2002;27(1):34–8. link1
[17] Li D, Zhao F, Li S, Xu H, Li Y. Combustion property of NEPE propellant with CL- 20. Chin J Energ Mater 2007;15(4):324–8. link1
[18] Yang V, Brill TB, Ren WZ. Solid propellant chemistry, combustion, and motor interior ballistics. Reston: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc; 2000. link1
[19] Armstrong RW, Baschung B, Booth DW, Samirant M. Enhanced propellant combustion with nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2003;3(2):253–5. link1
[20] Nandagopal S, Mehilal M, Tapaswi MA, Jawalkar SN, Radhakrishnan KK, Bhattacharya B. Effect of coating of ammonium perchlorate with fluorocarbon on ballistic and sensitivity properties of AP/Al/HTPB propellant. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 2009;34(6):526–31. link1
[21] John HJ, Hudson FE, Robbs R. High strain rate testing of AP/Al/HTPB solid propellants. Aip Conference Process 1998;429(1):603–6. link1
[22] Wang H, Jacob RJ, DeLisio JB, Zachariah MR. Assembly and encapsulation of aluminum NP’s within AP/NC matrix and their reactive properties. Combust Flame 2017;180:175–83. link1
[23] Li JZ, Fan XZ, Zhong L, Liu X. Mechanical properties of NC/NG/AP/Al composite modified double-base propellant. Chin J Energ Mater 2007;15 (4):345–8. link1
[24] Huang S, Pan M, Deng S, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Wendt BL, et al. Modified microemulsion synthesis of highly dispersed Al/PVDF composites with enhanced combustion properties. Adv Eng Mater 2019;21(5):1801330. link1
[25] Sippel TR, Son SF, Groven LJ. Altering reactivity of aluminum with selective inclusion of polytetrafluoroethylene through mechanical activation. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 2013;38(2):286–95. link1
[26] Wang J, Zeng C, Zhan C, Zhang L. Tuning the reactivity and combustion characteristics of PTFE/Al through carbon nanotubes and grapheme. Thermochim Acta 2019;676:276–81. link1
[27] Lyu JY, Chen S, He W, Zhang XX, Tang DE, Liu PJ, et al. Fabrication of highperformance graphene oxide doped PVDF/CuO/Al nanocomposites via electrospinning. Chem Eng J 2019;368:129–37. link1
[28] DeLisio JB, Huang C, Jian G, Zachariah M, Young G. Ignition and reaction analysis of high loading nano-Al/fluoropolymer energetic composite films. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting; 2014 Jan 13–17; National Harbor, Washington, DC, USA; 2014.
京公网安备 11010502051620号
