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Engineering >> 2021, Volume 7, Issue 10 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.024

Engineered Hybrid Materials with Smart Surfaces for Effective Mitigation of Petroleum-originated Pollutants

a Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
b School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
c Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
d Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
e School of Engineering and Sciences, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
f School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico

Received: 2020-02-19 Revised: 2020-07-18 Accepted: 2020-07-30 Available online: 2020-11-05

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Abstract

The generation and controlled or uncontrolled release of hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial wastewater effluents to water matrices are a major environmental concern. The contaminated water comes to surface in the form of stable emulsions, which sometimes require different techniques to mitigate or separate effectively. Both the crude emulsions and hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater effluents contain suspended solids, oil/grease, organic matter, toxic elements, salts, and recalcitrant chemicals. Suitable treatment of crude oil emulsions has been one of the most important challenges due to the complex nature and the substantial amount of generated waste. Moreover, the recovery of oil from waste will help meet the increasing demand for oil and its derivatives. In this context, functional nanostructured materials with smart surfaces and switchable wettability properties have gained increasing attention because of their excellent performance in the separation of oil–water emulsions. Recent improvements in the design, composition, morphology, and fine-tuning of polymeric nanostructured materials have resulted in enhanced demulsification functionalities. Herein, we reviewed the environmental impacts of crude oil emulsions and hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater effluents. Their effective treatments by smart polymeric nanostructured materials with wettability properties have been stated with suitable examples. The fundamental mechanisms underpinning the efficient separation of oil–water emulsions are discussed with suitable examples along with the future perspectives of smart materials.

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