[ 1 ] Satarino A. Europe wants to help clear out your drawer full of chargers [Internet]. New York City: New York Times; 2022 Jun 7 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/07/technology/eu-tabletsphones-usbc-chargers.html. link1

[ 2 ] Commission welcomes industry’s commitmentto provide acommoncharger for mobile phones [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; 2009 Jun 29 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://ec.‍europa.‍eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_09_1049. link1

[ 3 ] Feedback from Apple Inc. [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; 2021 Nov 18 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/2020-Standard-chargersfor-mobile-phones/F2752582_en. link1

[ 4 ] Mehta I. Apple exec says future iPhones will comply with EU’s USB-C mandate [Internet]. San Francisco: Tech Crunch; 2022 Oct 25 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://techcrunch.‍com/2022/10/25/apple-exec-says-futureiphones-will-comply-with-eus-usb-c-mandate/. link1

[ 5 ] Holt K. EU sets December 2024 deadline for USB-C wired charging on new phones [Internet]. Sterling: Engadget; 2022 Dec 8 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.‍engadget.‍com/eu-usb-c-wired-chargingdeadline-152454857.html. link1

[ 6 ] Yakimova Y. Deal on common charger: reducing hassle for consumers and curbing e-waste [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; 2022 Jun 6 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20220603IPR32196/deal-on-common-charger-reducing-hassle-forconsumers-and-curbing-e-waste. link1

[ 7 ] Chee FY. Apple pushes back against EU common charger, warns of innovation risks [Internet]. London: Reuters; 2020 Jan 23 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-apple-charger/apple-pushes-back-against-eu-common-charger-warns-of-innovation-risksidUSKBN1ZM2EV. link1

[ 8 ] Harding S. Breaking down how USB4 goes where no USB standard has gone before [Internet]. New York City: Ars Technica; 2022 Sep 2 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/09/breaking-downhow-usb4-goes-where-no-usb-standard-has-gone-before/. link1

[ 9 ] Cheng R. USB-C: one plug to connect them all, and in confusion bind them [Internet]. Pasadena: Hackaday; 2019 Jul 29 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://hackaday.com/2019/07/29/usb-c-one-plug-to-connect-themall-and-in-confusion-bind-them/. link1

[10] Kastrenakes J. Apple says there are now over 1 billion active iPhones [Internet]. Washington, DC: The Verge; 2021 Jan 27 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/27/22253162/iphone-users-totalnumber-billion-apple-tim-cook-q1-2021. link1

[11] Neely A. Brazil joinsfight tomakeUSB-CstandardoniPhone [Internet].Cupertino: Apple Insider; 2022 Jun 29 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://appleinsider.com/articles/22/06/29/brazil-joins-fight-to-make-usb-c-standardon-iphone. link1

[12] Jain S, After EU. India wants companies to offer a common charger for all devices [Internet]. New Delhi: Business Insider India; 2022 Aug 10 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/after-eu-india-wants-companies-to-offer-a-common-charger-for-all-devices/articleshow/93469948.cms. link1

[13] Heater B. Senators call forUSto adoptcommoncharger [Internet]. San Francisco: Tech Crunch; 2022 Jun 17 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/17/senators-call-for-us-to-adopt-common-charger/. link1

[14] Gurman M. Apple testing iPhones that ditch lightning ports in favor of USB-C [Internet]. New York City: Bloomberg; 2022 May 13 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-13/apple-plans-to-change-iphone-charging-port-to-meet-new-eulaw#xj4y7vzkg. link1

[15] Peterson M. Seven years later, Apple was right to kill off the 3.5 mm headphone jack [Internet]. Cupertino: Apple Insider; 2022 Aug 17 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://appleinsider.com/articles/22/08/17/sevenyears-later-apple-was-right-to-kill-off-the-35mm-headphone-jack. link1

[16] Kovach S. Apple’s wearable gadget business grew like gangbusters over the holidays [Internet]. Englewood Cliffs: CNBC; 2022 Jan 3 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/03/apple-airpods-businessgrew-like-gangbusters-over-the-holidays.html. link1

[17] A common charger for electronic devices: revision of the Radio Equipment Directive [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; 2022 Jun 7 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2021)698819. link1

[18] Bradford A. The Brussels effect: how the European Union rules the world [Internet]. New York City: Oxford Academic; 2019 Dec 19 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/36491. link1

[19] Ashworth B. New EU rules on USB-C charging could force an iPhone redesign [Internet]. San Francisco: Wired; 2022 Jun 7 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.wired.com/story/eu-rules-usb-c-chargingiphone-lightning/. link1

[20] Clayton J. Europe agrees new law to curb Big Tech dominance [Internet]. London: BBC News; 2022 Mar 25 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-60870287. link1

[21] Day L. Replaceable batteries are coming back to phones if the EU gets its way [Internet]. Pasadena: Hackaday; 2022 Mar 30 [cited 2022 Dec 20]. Available from: https://hackaday.com/2022/03/30/replaceable-batteries-are-comingback-to-phones-if-the-eu-gets-its-way/. link1

[22] O’Neill S. European union puts teeth in right to repair. Engineering 2021;7(9):1197‒8. link1