Current progress in nano-biomaterials, gene modification, and extracellular matrix tissue engineering technologies is providing us with new perspectives, and will bring future breakthroughs in tissue engineering and translational medicine. Topographies of nanomaterials can enhance cell processes and cell migration (bottom left figure); microvilli in a material’s topography and the stiffness of a material’s microstate affect cell adhesion, cell behavior, and cell differentiation (the second figure from left); an extracellular matrix and silk fibroin-based tissue engineered nerve is constructed (the third figure from left); and ncRNAs modified by nanoparticles are delivered into a target cell (top right figure).