High-end measuring instruments such as high-performance microscopes are important means for humankind to realize ground-breaking scientific exploration, biotechnology, micro-nano manufacturing, precision medicine, and so forth. They are also an important foundation of measurement systems. The international system of units (Système International d'Unités or SI) is the cornerstone of the global measurement system. The seven basic SI units have all been redefined according to fundamental physical constants, making more accurate measurement possible. At the same time, the new generation of information technology has injected new vitality into the development of high-end measuring instruments. Quantized metrology and measurement characterized by digitalization, networking, and intelligence will become the basic form of the new generation of high-end measuring instruments.