China's agricultural development has made remarkable achievements, successfully solved the problem of food for more than 1.3 billion Chinese, and made great contributions to world agriculture. Since the beginning of the new century, China's agriculture faced with great challenges from different periods, and faced with heavy pressure from some aspects. Under this situation, it is of great strategic significance to analyze the situation of population, resources and environment, put forward effective measures to promote the sustainable development of China's agriculture and enhance the international competitiveness, and speed up the process of agricultural modernization (The cover picture is the paddy field taken by the Research Group when Inspected Hunan).