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Erratum to: Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Adrian W. K. Law, Chunyan Tang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 290-290 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1639-x

Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

Abstract: As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

Keywords: transportation energy     energy security     greenhouse gases     alternative fuels     vehicle technologies    

Sustainable Plasticulture in Chinese Agriculture: a Review of Challenges and Routes to Achieving Long-term

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023508

Abstract:

● Macro-, micro- and nanoplastic pollution in agricultural soils threaten long-term crop production and environmental health in China.

Keywords: circular plastics economy     crop production     food security     plastic pollution     sustainable plasticulture    

THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS IN VALIDATING TRAIT-BASED APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021438

Abstract: relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services has been promoted as an approach to achieving

Keywords: multifunctional grassland systems / Park Grass Experiment / soil organic carbon / ecosystem service    

Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

Yong G. Peng,Haibo Song,E. Wang,Weipeng Wang,Jin Liu

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 123-128 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0366-7

Abstract:

Guidelines for the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination have defined a detailed standard for medical professionals, particularly anesthesiologists, on how a TEE exam should proceed. Over the years, TEE has gained substantial popularity and emerged as a preferred monitoring modality to aid in perioperative management and decision making during hemodynamic instability situations or critical care settings. TEE training pathways and practice guidelines have been well established in western countries and many regions of the world. However, TEE training and practice information for anesthesiologists are lacking in China. As innovative technologies develop, other educational models have emerged to aid in obtaining competency in basic TEE exam. Hence, establishing a consensus on the ideal TEE training approach for anesthesiologists in China is urgently needed. Developing an effective curriculum that can be incorporated into an anesthesiology resident’s overall training is also necessary to provide knowledge and skills toward competency in basic TEE exam. With evolving medical system reforms and increasing demands for intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring to accommodate surgical innovations, anesthesiology professionals are increasingly obliged to perform intraoperative TEE exams in their current and future practices. To overcome obstacles and achieve significant progress in using the TEE modality to help in intraoperative management and surgical decision making, publishing basic TEE training guidelines for China’s anesthesiologists is an important endeavor.

Keywords: transesophageal echocardiography     guidelines     training     competency    

Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Adrian W. K. Law,Chunyan Tang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 472-479 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1592-0

Abstract: Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environmental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing countries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.

Keywords: industrial effluent treatment     industrial marine outfalls     economic and environmental considerations    

Achieving air pollutant emission reduction targets with minimum abatement costs: An enterprise-level

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1459-6

Abstract:

• Quantification of efficiency and fairness of abatement allocation are optimized.

Keywords: Pollutant emission reduction allocation     Emission reduction measures     Total abatement cost     Economic efficiency     Abatement space    

Process Manufacturing toward Carbon Neutrality: Digital Transformation in Process Manufacturing for Achieving

Feng Qian

Engineering 2023, Volume 27, Issue 8,   Pages 1-2 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.005

Achieving desired nodal lines in freely vibrating structures via material-field series-expansion topology

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2023, Volume 18, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0758-y

Abstract: Accurately controlling the nodal lines of vibrating structures with topology optimization is a highly challenging task. The major difficulties in this type of problem include a large number of design variables, the highly nonlinear and multi-peak characteristics of iteration, and the changeable orders of eigenmodes. In this study, an effective material-field series-expansion (MFSE)-based topology optimization design strategy for precisely controlling nodal lines is proposed. Here, two typical optimization targets are established: (1) minimizing the difference between structural nodal lines and their desired positions, and (2) keeping the position of nodal lines within the specified range while optimizing certain dynamic performance. To solve this complex optimization problem, the structural topology of structures is first represented by a few design variables on the basis of the MFSE model. Then, the problems are effectively solved using a sequence Kriging-based optimization algorithm without requiring design sensitivity analysis. The proposed design strategy inherently circumvents various numerical difficulties and can effectively obtain the desired vibration modes and nodal lines. Numerical examples are provided to validate the proposed topology optimization models and the corresponding solution strategy.

Keywords: nodal line     topology optimization     structural dynamics design     material-field series-expansion    

The Underestimated Role of the Heat Pump in Achieving China’s Goal of Carbon Neutrality by 2060

Hongzhi Yan, Chuan Zhang, Zhao Shao, Markus Kraft, Ruzhu Wang

Engineering 2023, Volume 23, Issue 4,   Pages 13-18 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.015

Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource

Yuanmei ZUO,Zhenjiao ZHANG,Caihong LIU,Weina ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 134-143 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015069

Abstract: With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide, we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population. Intercropping, as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems, has been widely practiced around the world. Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants. Here, we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production. Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land, land not suitable for food crops growth, is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy, thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy. The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress.

Keywords: intercropping     food security     energy security     high production     marginal land    

Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

Patrick X.W. ZOU, Morshed ALAM, Van Manh PHUNG, Dipika WAGLE, Rodney STEWART, Edoardo BERTONE, Oz SAHIN, Chris BUNTINE

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2017, Volume 4, Issue 1,   Pages 92-103 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017101

Abstract: Government buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption worldwide, for example, in Australia, up to 41.5 PJ energy was consumed by government buildings in 2011–2012. While the newly constructed buildings may be energy efficient, the existing buildings, which account for more than 85% of the total building stock, were built prior to the time when energy rating systems was put in practice and are consequently energy inefficient to a large degree. Reducing the energy consumption in existing government buildings is essential, as it will not only reduce the costs and environmental impacts, but also show governments’ strong commitment towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, successful building energy retrofit projects are the showcases to the general public, encouraging other sectors (e.g. commercial) to conduct building retrofits for energy savings. Recognising these benefits, several state governments in Australia have introduced building energy efficiency policies and programs. This paper reviewed the energy efficiency policies/programs in five States in Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland in terms of respective policies and targets, implementation methods and current progress. The lessons learned from these programs were also discussed. This research revealed that the key factors for a successful government building energy retrofitting program are 1) having a properly enforced energy efficiency mandate with clear energy saving targets, 2) establishing an expert facilitation team and 3) implementing suitable financing and procurement methods.

Keywords: building energy retrofit     policy     energy efficiency     energy performance contract     energy auditing    

Achieving Cognitive Mass Personalization via the Self-X Cognitive Manufacturing Network: An Industrial

Xinyu Li, Pai Zheng, Jinsong Bao, Liang Gao, Xun Xu

Engineering 2023, Volume 22, Issue 3,   Pages 14-19 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.018

Achieving biodegradability enhancement and acute biotoxicity removal through the treatment of pharmaceutical

Liang SUN, Can WANG, Min JI, Fen WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 481-487 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0341-3

Abstract: Actual pharmaceutical wastewater was treated using a combined ultrasonic irradiation (US) and iron/coke internal electrolysis (Fe/C) technology. A significant synergetic effect was observed, showing that ultrasonic irradiation dramatically enhanced the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies by internal electrolysis. The effects of primary operating factors on COD removal were evaluated systematically. Higher ultrasonic frequency and lower pH values as well as longer reaction time were favorable to COD removal. The ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and COD (B/C) of the wastewater increased from 0.21 to 0.32 after US-Fe/C treatment. An acute biotoxicity assay measuring the inhibition of bioluminescence indicated that the wastewater with overall toxicity of 4.3 mg-Zn ·L was reduced to 0.5 mg-Zn ·L after treatment. Both the raw and the treated wastewater samples were separated and identified. The types of compounds suggested that the increased biodegradability and reduced biotoxicity resulted mainly from the destruction of N,N-2 dimethyl formamide and aromatic compounds in the pharmaceutical wastewater.

Keywords: internal electrolysis     ultrasonic     pharmaceutical wastewater     biodegradability     acute biotoxicity    

Achieving High Strength and Tensile Ductility in Pure Nickel by Cryorolling with Subsequent Low-Temperature

Zhide Li,Hao Gu,Kaiguang Luo,Charlie Kong,Hailiang Yu,

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.019

Abstract: ty. In this study, cryorolling under different strains followed by low-temperature short-time annealing was used to fabricate pure nickel sheets combining high strength with good ductility. The results show that, for different cryorolling strains, the uniform elongation was greatly increased without sacrificing the strength after annealing. A yield strength of 607 MPa and a uniform elongation of 11.7% were obtained after annealing at a small cryorolling strain (ε = 0.22), while annealing at a large cryorolling strain (ε = 1.6) resulted in a yield strength of 990 MPa and a uniform elongation of 6.4%. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize the microstructure of the specimens and showed that the high strength could be attributed to strain hardening during cryorolling, with an additional contribution from grain refinement and the formation of dislocation walls. The high ductility could be attributed to annealing twins and micro-shear bands during stretching, which improved the strain hardening capacity. The results show that the synergistic effect of strength and ductility can be regulated through low-temperature short-time annealing with different cryorolling strains, which provides a new reference for the design of future thermo-mechanical processes.

Keywords: Cryorolling     Annealing     Nickel     Strain hardening     Ductility    

Title Author Date Type Operation

Erratum to: Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Adrian W. K. Law, Chunyan Tang

Journal Article

Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

Journal Article

Sustainable Plasticulture in Chinese Agriculture: a Review of Challenges and Routes to Achieving Long-term

Journal Article

THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS IN VALIDATING TRAIT-BASED APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

Journal Article

Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

Yong G. Peng,Haibo Song,E. Wang,Weipeng Wang,Jin Liu

Journal Article

Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Adrian W. K. Law,Chunyan Tang

Journal Article

Achieving air pollutant emission reduction targets with minimum abatement costs: An enterprise-level

Journal Article

Process Manufacturing toward Carbon Neutrality: Digital Transformation in Process Manufacturing for Achieving

Feng Qian

Journal Article

Achieving desired nodal lines in freely vibrating structures via material-field series-expansion topology

Journal Article

The Underestimated Role of the Heat Pump in Achieving China’s Goal of Carbon Neutrality by 2060

Hongzhi Yan, Chuan Zhang, Zhao Shao, Markus Kraft, Ruzhu Wang

Journal Article

Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource

Yuanmei ZUO,Zhenjiao ZHANG,Caihong LIU,Weina ZHANG

Journal Article

Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

Patrick X.W. ZOU, Morshed ALAM, Van Manh PHUNG, Dipika WAGLE, Rodney STEWART, Edoardo BERTONE, Oz SAHIN, Chris BUNTINE

Journal Article

Achieving Cognitive Mass Personalization via the Self-X Cognitive Manufacturing Network: An Industrial

Xinyu Li, Pai Zheng, Jinsong Bao, Liang Gao, Xun Xu

Journal Article

Achieving biodegradability enhancement and acute biotoxicity removal through the treatment of pharmaceutical

Liang SUN, Can WANG, Min JI, Fen WANG

Journal Article

Achieving High Strength and Tensile Ductility in Pure Nickel by Cryorolling with Subsequent Low-Temperature

Zhide Li,Hao Gu,Kaiguang Luo,Charlie Kong,Hailiang Yu,

Journal Article