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A toughness based deformation limit for X- and K-joints under brace axial tension

Bo GU,Xudong QIAN,Aziz AHMED

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 345-362 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0333-2

Abstract: This study reports a deformation limit for the initiation of ductile fracture failure in fatigue-cracked circular hollow section (CHS) X- and K-joints subjected to brace axial tension. The proposed approach sets the deformation limit as the numerically computed crack driving force in a fatigue crack at the hot-spot location in the tubular joint reaches the material fracture toughness measured from standard fracture specimens. The calibration of the numerical procedure predicates on reported numerical computations on the crack driving force and previously published verification study against large-scale CHS X-joints with fatigue generated surface cracks. The development of the deformation limit includes a normalization procedure, which covers a wide range of the geometric parameters and material toughness levels. The lower-bound deformation limits thus developed follow a linear relationship with respect to the crack-depth ratio for both X- and K-joints. Comparison of the predicated deformation limit against experimental on cracked tubular X- and K-joints demonstrates the conservative nature of the proposed deformation limit. The proposed deformation limit, when extrapolated to a zero crack depth, provides an estimate on the deformation limits for intact X- and K-joints under brace axial loads.

Keywords： circular hollow section (CHS)     tubular joint     fracture failure     deformation limit     J-integral    

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Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

Sachin KUMAR,A. S. SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 420-440 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0305-y

Abstract: The -integral for two fracture modes (mode-I and mode-II) is obtained by decomposing the displacementtheir symmetric and antisymmetric parts, then individual stress intensity factors are extracted from -integral

Keywords： XFEM     von-Mises yield criterion     isotropic hardening     fatigue crack growth     J-integral    

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Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Aggregation Operator Based on Choquet Integral and Its Application to

Xi-hua Li,Xiao-hong Chen

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2015, Volume 2, Issue 3,   Pages 266-276 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015048

Abstract: The Choquet integral can serve as a useful tool to aggregate interacting criteria in an uncertain environmentIn this paper, a trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operator based on the Choquet integralA trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operator based on the Choquet integral is then definedA new multi-criteria decision-making method based on a trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy Choquet integral

Keywords： multi-criteria decision making     trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers     Choquet integral     fuzzy measure    

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Mesoscale fabrication of a complex surface for integral impeller blades

Xibin WANG,Tianfeng ZHOU,Lijing XIE,Li JIAO,Zhibing LIU,Zhiqiang LIANG,Pei YAN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 116-131 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0426-1

Abstract:

Integral impeller is the most important component of a mini-engine.However, the machining of a mesoscale impeller with a complex integral surface is difficult because ofFor the fabrication of a complex integral impeller, a micro-ball-end mill is designed in accordance withSubsequently, fractal theory is applied to characterize the surface quality of the integral impeller.The fractal theory-based characterization shows that the completed mesoscale integral impeller exhibits

Keywords： mesoscale fabrication     micro-milling tool     mesoscale milling     impeller blade    

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Stability and coupling dynamic behavior of nonlinear journal active electromagnetic bearing rotor system

LU Yanjun, HEI Di, WANG Yuan, DAI Rong, LU Yanjun, LIU Heng, YU Lie

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2008, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 193-199 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0023-4

Abstract: system equations are formulated by combining equations for rotor motion and decentralized proportional integral

Keywords： proportional integral     bifurcation     corresponding     integral differential     predictor-corrector mechanism    

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Investigation on the integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm

BAO Nengsheng, MA Xiuqian, NI Weidou

Frontiers in Energy 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 67-78 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0006-x

Abstract: The integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm is needed when estimating the wind farm sThe calculation algorithms and steps of the integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm are

Keywords： power model     actual     energy     large-scale     practical measurement    

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Clean Power Technology

Robin J. Batterham

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 1349-1350 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.004

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Measurement and correlation of supercritical CO

Hiroshi MACHIDA, Ryosuke TAGUCHI, Yoshiyuki SATO, Louw J. FLOURUSSE, Cor J. PETERS, Richard L. SMITH

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 1,   Pages 12-19 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0151-3

Abstract: Ionicliquids combined with supercritical fluid technology hold great promise as working solvents for developing compact processes. Ionic liquids, which are organic molten salts, typically have extremely low volatility and high functionality, but possess high viscosities, surface tensions and low diffusion coefficients, which can limit their applicability. CO , on the other hand, especially in its supercritical state, is a green solvent that can be used advantageously when combined with the ionic liquid to provide viscosity and surface tension reduction and to promote mass transfer. The solubility of CO in the ionic liquid is key to estimating the important physical properties that include partition coefficients, viscosities, densities, interfacial tensions, thermal conductivities and heat capacities needed in contactor design. In this work, we examine a subset of available high pressure pure component ionic liquid PVT data and high pressure CO - ionic liquid solubility data and report new correlations for CO -ionic liquid systems with equations of state that have some industrial applications including: (1) general, (2) fuel desulfurization, (3) CO capture, and (4) chiral separation. New measurements of solubility data for the CO and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate, [bmim][OcSO ] system are reported and correlated. In the correlation of the CO ionic liquid phase behavior, the Peng-Robinson and the Sanchez-Lacombe equations of state were considered and are compared. It is shown that excellent correlation of CO solubility can be obtained with either equation and they share some common characteristics regarding interaction parameters. In the Sanchez-Lacombe equation, parameters that are derived from the supercritical region were found to be important for obtaining good correlation of the CO -ionic liquid solubility data.

Keywords： compact processes     chiral ionic liquids     separations     thermodynamic properties     equations of state    

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Merits and limitations of TiO

Yu Yang, Hassan Javed, Danning Zhang, Deyi Li, Roopa Kamath, Kevin McVey, Kanwartej Sra, Pedro J.J.

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3,   Pages 387-394 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1657-8

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbons (HHCs) in soils impacted by crude oil spills are generally recalcitrant to biodegradation due to their low bioavailability and complex chemical structure. In this study, soils were pretreated with varying concentrations of ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) or ultraviolet radiation C (UVC) activated titanium dioxide (TiO ) (1%–5%) under varying moisture conditions (0%–300% water holding capacity (WHC)) to enhance biodegradation of HCCs and shorten remediation timeframes. We demonstrate that pretreatment of impacted soils with UVC-activated TiO in soil slurries could enhance bioremediation of HHCs. ?Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal after 24 h exposure to UVC (254 nm and 4.8 mW/cm ) was (19.1±1.6)% in slurries with 300% WHC and 5 wt-% TiO . TPH removal was non-selective in the C15-C36 range and increased with moisture content and TiO concentration. In a 10-d bioremediation test, TPH removal in treated soil increased to (26.0±0.9)%, compared to (15.4±0.8)% for controls without photocatalytic pre-treatment. Enhanced biodegradation was also confirmed by respirometry. This suggests that addition of UVC-activated TiO to soil slurries can transform recalcitrant hydrocarbons into more bioavailable and biodegradable byproducts and increase the rate of subsequent biodegradation. However, similar results were not observed for soils pretreated with UVA activated TiO . This suggests that activation of TiO by sunlight and direct addition of TiO to unsaturated soils within landfarming setting may not be a feasible approach. Nevertheless, less than 1% of UVA (7.5 mW/cm ) or UVC (1.4 mW/cm ) penetrated beyond 0.3 cm soil depth, indicating that limited light penetration through soil would hinder the ability of TiO to enhance soil bioremediation under land farming conditions.

Keywords： TiO2 pretreatment     bioremediation     total petroleum hydrocarbons     ultraviolet    

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Ribozyme and the mechanisms that underlie RNA catalysis

Timothy J. Wilson,Yijin Liu,David M. J. Lilley

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 178-185 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1558-2

Abstract: Ribozymes are widespread, and catalyze some extremely important reactions in the cell. Mechanistically most fall into one of two classes, using either metal ions or general acid-base catalysis. The nucleolytic ribozymes fall into the latter class, mostly using nucleobases. A sub-set of these use a combination of guanine base plus adenine acid to catalyze the cleavage reaction. New ribozymes are still being discovered at regular intervals and we can speculate on the potential existence of ribozymes that catalyze chemistry beyond phosphoryl transfer reactions, perhaps using small-molecule coenzymes.

Keywords： RNA catalysis     RNA structure     catalytic mechanism    

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Intelligent fractional-order integral sliding mode control for PMSM based on an improved cascade observer Research Articles

Lingfei XIAO, Leiming MA, Xinhao HUANG,lfxiao@nuaa.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 2,   Pages 328-338 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000317

Abstract: The proposed FOISMC strategy associates strong points of the integral action (which can eliminate steady-state

Keywords： Permanent magnet synchronous motor     Fractional-order integral sliding mode     Optimization algorithm     Sensorless    

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Thermal Treatment of Hydrocarbon-Impacted Soils: A Review of Technology Innovation for Sustainable Remediation

Masiello, Gabriel Sabadell, Pedro J. J. Alvarez

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 426-437 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.005

Abstract:

Thermal treatment technologies hold an important niche in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and sediments due to their ability to quickly and reliably meet cleanup standards. However, sustained high temperature can be energy intensive and can damage soil properties. Despite the broad applicability and prevalence of thermal remediation, little work has been done to improve the environmental compatibility and sustainability of these technologies. We review several common thermal treatment technologies for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, assess their potential environmental impacts, and propose frameworks for sustainable and low-impact deployment based on a holistic consideration of energy and water requirements, ecosystem ecology, and soil science. There is no universally appropriate thermal treatment technology. Rather, the appropriate choice depends on the contamination scenario (including the type of hydrocarbons present) and on site-specific considerations such as soil properties, water availability, and the heat sensitivity of contaminated soils. Overall, the convergence of treatment process engineering with soil science, ecosystem ecology, and plant biology research is essential to fill critical knowledge gaps and improve both the removal efficiency and sustainability of thermal technologies.

Keywords： Soil decomposition     Land reclamation     Incineration     Pyrolysis     Desorption    

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Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations: Part I, conceptual design and nonlinear analysis

Min-Ho CHEY,J. Geoffrey CHASE,John B. MANDER,Athol J. CARR

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3,   Pages 286-296 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0307-9

Abstract: As a novel structural control strategy, tuned mass damper (TMD) inspired passive and semi-active smart building isolation systems are suggested to reduce structural response and thus mitigate structural damage due to earthquake excitations. The isolated structure’s upper stories can be utilized as a large scaled TMD, and the isolation layer, as a core design point, between the separated upper and lower stories entails the insertion of rubber bearings and (i) viscous dampers (passive) or (ii) resettable devices (semi-active). The seismic performance of the suggested isolation systems are investigated for 12-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frames modeled as “10+ 2” stories and “8+ 4” stories. Passive viscous damper or semi-active resettable devices are parametrically evaluated through the optimal design principle of a large mass ratio TMD. Statistical performance metrics are presented for 30 earthquake records from the three suites of the SAC project. Based on nonlinear structural models, including P-delta effects and modified Takeda hysteresis, the inelastic time history analyses are conducted to compute the seismic performances across a wide range of seismic hazard intensities. Results show that semi-active smart building isolation systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi-degree-of freedom (MDOF) systems across a broader range of ground motions in comparison to uncontrolled case and passive solution.

Keywords： tuned mass damper     smart building isolation     resettable device     non-linear     statistical assessment    

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Purification of

PIETZSCH, J. ULRICH

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 37-42 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1303-z

Abstract: Here a case study of -asparaginase II out of a recombinant is presented. The target protein was obtained by simple cell disintegration and acetone precipitation. The -asparaginase II has been crystallized in three different forms in the following microbatch crystallization. The rod-shaped crystals (~400 μm edge length) were obtained at either 8°C or 22°C after 17 h by addition of PEG . The rectangular-shaped crystals were obtained after further recrystallization of the rod-shaped crystals. The rhombic-shaped crystals formed at 8°C after 12 days when cold ethanol was used instead of PEG . All crystallizations were performed in tris-acetate buffer (50 mmol·L , pH 5.1). By crystallization, the specific activity of -asparaginase II has increased 5-fold. The protein content and the purity of the crystals were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The more concentrated -asparaginase II out of an extract mixture and the presence of only less minor proteins after crystallization demonstrates that crystallization is an effective and mild method to purify the target protein. The single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the crystals are proteins and the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern shows clearly that the crystals forming in PEG and ethanol have different crystal structures.

Keywords： protein crystallization     L-asparaginase II     purification    

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Food Safety and Health—Past Problems and Future Solutions

Christopher J. Smith

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 384-388 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.001

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A toughness based deformation limit for X- and K-joints under brace axial tension

Bo GU,Xudong QIAN,Aziz AHMED

Journal Article

Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

Sachin KUMAR,A. S. SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

Journal Article

Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Aggregation Operator Based on Choquet Integral and Its Application to

Xi-hua Li,Xiao-hong Chen

Journal Article

Mesoscale fabrication of a complex surface for integral impeller blades

Xibin WANG,Tianfeng ZHOU,Lijing XIE,Li JIAO,Zhibing LIU,Zhiqiang LIANG,Pei YAN

Journal Article

Stability and coupling dynamic behavior of nonlinear journal active electromagnetic bearing rotor system

LU Yanjun, HEI Di, WANG Yuan, DAI Rong, LU Yanjun, LIU Heng, YU Lie

Journal Article

Investigation on the integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm

BAO Nengsheng, MA Xiuqian, NI Weidou

Journal Article

Clean Power Technology

Robin J. Batterham

Journal Article

Measurement and correlation of supercritical CO

Hiroshi MACHIDA, Ryosuke TAGUCHI, Yoshiyuki SATO, Louw J. FLOURUSSE, Cor J. PETERS, Richard L. SMITH

Journal Article

Merits and limitations of TiO

Yu Yang, Hassan Javed, Danning Zhang, Deyi Li, Roopa Kamath, Kevin McVey, Kanwartej Sra, Pedro J.J.

Journal Article

Ribozyme and the mechanisms that underlie RNA catalysis

Timothy J. Wilson,Yijin Liu,David M. J. Lilley

Journal Article

Intelligent fractional-order integral sliding mode control for PMSM based on an improved cascade observer

Lingfei XIAO, Leiming MA, Xinhao HUANG,lfxiao@nuaa.edu.cn

Journal Article

Thermal Treatment of Hydrocarbon-Impacted Soils: A Review of Technology Innovation for Sustainable Remediation

Masiello, Gabriel Sabadell, Pedro J. J. Alvarez

Journal Article

Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations: Part I, conceptual design and nonlinear analysis

Min-Ho CHEY,J. Geoffrey CHASE,John B. MANDER,Athol J. CARR

Journal Article

Purification of

PIETZSCH, J. ULRICH

Journal Article

Food Safety and Health—Past Problems and Future Solutions

Christopher J. Smith

Journal Article