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Optimization of denitrifying phosphorus removal in a pre-denitrification anaerobic/anoxic/post-aeration+ nitrification sequence batch reactor (pre-A

Weihua Zhao, Meixiang Wang, Jianwei Li, Yu Huang, Baikun Li, Cong Pan, Xiyao Li, Yongzhen Peng

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1084-1

Abstract:

A novel two sludge pre-A2NSBR system was developed.

Keywords: Denitrifying phosphorus removal     C/N ratio     Nitrate recycling     Carbon source type     Biological nutrient removal     Pre-A    

Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 376-382 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0086-2

Abstract: Pre-tensioned high strength trusses using alloy steel bar are widely used as glass wall supporting systemsvarious effects, such as support settlement due to live loads and material creep, temperature change, pre-tension

Keywords: tension system     glass wall     nonlinear analysis     pre-tensioning     second-order analysis    

A pre-compensation method of the systematic contouring error for repetitive command paths

D. L. ZHANG,Y. H. CHEN,Y. P. CHEN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 367-372 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0367-5

Abstract:

For a repetitive command path, pre-compensating the contouring error by modifying the command pathTo obtain the pre-compensation value with better accuracy, this paper proposes the use of a back propagationFurthermore, by using the extracted function, the contouring error can be easily pre-compensated.

Keywords: contouring error     pre-compensation     motion control system     back propagation (BP) neural network    

Experimental and parametrical investigation of pre-stressed ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 411-428 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0928-3

Abstract: In this study, ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) used in a type B70 concrete sleeper is investigated experimentally and parametrically. The main parameters investigated are the steel fiber volume fractions (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). Under European standards, 35 UHPFRC sleepers are subjected to static bending tests at the center and rail seat sections, and the screw on the fastening system is pulled out. The first cracking load, failure load, failure mode, crack propagation, load–deflection curve, load–crack width, and failure load from these tests are measured and compared with those of a control sleeper manufactured using normal concrete C50. The accuracy of the parametric study is verified experimentally. Subsequently, the results of the study are applied to UHPFRC sleepers with different concrete volumes to investigate the effects of the properties of UHPFRC on their performance. Experimental and parametric study results show that the behavior of UHPFRC sleepers improves significantly when the amount of steel fiber in the mix is increased. Sleepers manufactured using UHPFRC with a steel fiber volume fraction of 1% and a concrete volume less than 25% that of standard sleeper B70 can be used under the same loads and requirements, which contributes positively to the cost and surrounding environment.

Keywords: pre-stressed concrete sleeper     ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete     pull-out test     static    

Investigation into viability of using two-stage (pre-placed aggregate) concrete in Irish setting

John O’MALLEY, Hakim S. ABDELGADER,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1,   Pages 127-132 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0007-4

Abstract: Two-stage (pre-placed aggregate) concrete (TSC) consists of coarse aggregate, which is first deposited

Keywords: grout     pre-placed     concrete     two-stage concrete (TSC)    

Evaluation of the static and dynamic structural performance of segmental pre-stressed concrete box girder

Ali Fadhil NASER, Zonglin WANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 164-177 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0196-8

Abstract: side spans by sticking the steel plates, strengthening the whole bridge structure by using external pre-stressing

Keywords: structural performance     steel plates     external pre-stressing     cracks     grouting method     static    

Techno-economic comparison of three technologies for pre-combustion CO

Simon Roussanaly, Monika Vitvarova, Rahul Anantharaman, David Berstad, Brede Hagen, Jana Jakobsen, Vaclav Novotny, Geir Skaugen

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3,   Pages 436-452 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1870-8

Abstract: This paper compares the techno-economic performances of three technologies for CO capture from a lignite-based IGCC power plant located in the Czech Republic: (1) Physical absorption with a Rectisol-based process; (2) Polymeric CO -selective membrane-based capture; (3) Low-temperature capture. The evaluations show that the IGCC plant with CO capture leads to costs of electricity between 91 and 120 €·MWh , depending on the capture technology employed, compared to 65 €·MWh for the power plant without capture. This results in CO avoidance costs ranging from 42 to 84 €· , mainly linked to the losses in net power output. From both energy and cost points of view, the low-temperature and Rectisol based CO capture processes are the most efficient capture technologies. Furthermore, partial CO capture appears as a good mean to ensure early implementation due to the limited increase in CO avoidance cost when considering partial capture. To go beyond the two specific CO -selective membranes considered, a cost/membrane property map for CO -selective membranes was developed. This map emphasise the need to develop high performance membrane to compete with solvent technology. Finally, the cost of the whole CCS chain was estimated at 54 €· once pipeline transport and storage are taken into consideration.

Keywords: carbon capture and storage (CCS)     techno-economic comparison     pre-combustion capture     physical solvent     low-temperature    

Hybrid flexural components: Testing pre-stressed steel and GFRP bars together as reinforcement for flexural

Mohammed FARUQI, Oved I. MATA, Francisco AGUINIGA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 352-360 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0453-3

Abstract:

Concrete members historically have used either pre-stressed steel or steel bars.However, the flexure behavior of a hybrid system reinforced by the combination of pre-stressed steelTwo slabs of 100 and 150-millimeter thickness, with a span of 2.1 m reinforced with both pre-stressingThe theoretical slabs were either reinforced with pre-stressed steel or GFRP rebars, or a hybrid system

Keywords: Partial pre-stressing     composite structures     GFRP bars    

China’s pre-2020 CO

Hailin WANG

Frontiers in Energy 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 571-578 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0640-0

Abstract: China achieved the reduction of CO intensity of GDP by 45% compared with 2005 at the end of 2017, realizing the commitment at 2009 Copenhagen Conference on emissions reduction 3 years ahead of time. In future implementation of the “13th Five-Year Plan (FYP),” with the decline of economic growth rate, decrease of energy consumption elasticity and optimization of energy structure, the CO intensity of GDP will still have the potential for decreasing before 2020. By applying KAYA Formula decomposition, this paper makes the historical statistics of the GDP energy intensity decrease and CO intensity of energy consumption since 2005, and simulates the decrease of CO intensity of GDP in 2020 and its influences on achieving National Determined Contribution (NDC) target in 2030 with scenario analysis. The results show that China’s CO intensity of GDP in 2020 is expected to fall by 52.9%–54.4% than the 2005 level, and will be 22.9%–25.4% lower than 2015. Therefore, it is likely to overfulfill the decrease of CO intensity of GDP by 18% proposed in the 13th FYP period. Furthermore, the emission reduction potentiality before 2020 will be conducive to the earlier realization of NDC objectives in 2030. China’s CO intensity of GDP in 2030 will fall by over 70% than that in 2005, and CO emissions peak will appear before 2030 as early as possible. To accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, China needs to make better use of the carbon market, and guide the whole society with carbon price to reduce emissions effectively. At the same time, China should also study the synergy of policy package so as to achieve the target of emission reduction.

Keywords: China’s National Determined Contribution     emission reduction potential     scenario analysis     CO2 emissions peak    

Virtual pre-assembly for large steel structures based on BIM, PLP algorithm, and 3D measurement

Ying ZHOU, Wan WANG, Hanbin LUO, Yan ZHANG

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 207-220 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0016-5

Abstract: The current physical pre-assembly method of large steel structures is time consuming and costly and requiresThus, the pre-assembly of large steel structures in a virtual way, starting from building informationIn this study, an innovative method for virtual pre-assembly is proposed on the basis of BIM, plane-line-point

Keywords: steel structure     pre-assembly     BIM     plane-line-point     3D measurement    

Quantitatively assessing the pre-grouting effect on the stability of tunnels excavated in fault

Xiao YAN, Zizheng SUN, Shucai LI, Rentai LIU, Qingsong ZHANG, Yiming ZHANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 6,   Pages 1393-1404 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0563-1

Abstract: Pre-grouting is a popular ground treatment strategy utilized to enhance the strength and stability oftunnel section are evaluated, thereby assisting designers by quantitatively assessing the effects of pre-grouting

Keywords: pre-grouting     stability analysis     factor of safety     discontinuity layout optimization    

Experimental study of nitrite accumulation in pre-denitrification biological nitrogen removal process

WU Xuelei, CHEN Lunqiang, PENG Yongzhen, WANG Pu, WANG Yayi

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 236-240 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0008-x

Abstract: effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on nitrite accumulation was investigated in a pilot-scale pre-denitrification

Pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore constantvolume chamber: effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure

Xiang LI, Wenzheng ZHANG, Zhong HUANG, Dehao JU, Li HUANG, Mingzhi FENG, Xingcai LU, Zhen HUANG

Frontiers in Energy 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 483-493 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0631-1

Abstract: A combustion enhancement technique called pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can permit combustionTo investigate the effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure on pre-chamber TJI ofsimulations were implemented to study the discharge of hot turbulent jets from six orifices of the pre-chamber

Keywords: marine engine     natural gas     methane     turbulent jet ignition (TJI)     pre-chamber    

Breeding for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat under rainfed conditions

Muhammad ZEESHAN, Waheed ARSHAD, Muhammad Imran KHAN, Shiraz ALI, Ali NAWAZ, Amina BATOOL, Muhammad TARIQ, Muhammad Imran AKRAM, Muhammad Amjad ALI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 253-261 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018218

Abstract: Pre-harvest sprouting in wheat is the germination of seeds within the spikes when rains occur after orTherefore, 10 cultivars and five advanced lines of spring bread wheat were evaluated for pre-harvestNARC-09 and Ouassou-20 exhibited higher sprouting resistance while other genotypes were susceptible to pre-harvestcrossing was conducted with six susceptible and two resistant genotypes to assess the genetic behavior of pre-harvestDoukkala-12 and BARS-09 showed increased pre-harvest sprouting resistance in their F descendants.

Keywords: bread wheat     germination index     general combining ability     pre-harvest sprouting     specific combining ability    

Pre-Trained Language Models and Their Applications Review

Haifeng Wang, Jiwei Li, Hua Wu, Eduard Hovy, Yu Sun

Engineering 2023, Volume 25, Issue 6,   Pages 51-65 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.024

Abstract:

Pre-trained language models have achieved striking success in natural language processing (NLP), leadingto a paradigm shift from supervised learning to pre-training followed by fine-tuning.The NLP community has witnessed a surge of research interest in improving pre-trained models.We first give a brief introduction of pre-trained models, followed by characteristic methods and frameworksWe then introduce and analyze the impact and challenges of pre-trained models and their downstream applications

Keywords: Pre-trained models     Natural language processing    

Title Author Date Type Operation

Optimization of denitrifying phosphorus removal in a pre-denitrification anaerobic/anoxic/post-aeration+ nitrification sequence batch reactor (pre-A

Weihua Zhao, Meixiang Wang, Jianwei Li, Yu Huang, Baikun Li, Cong Pan, Xiyao Li, Yongzhen Peng

Journal Article

Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,

Journal Article

A pre-compensation method of the systematic contouring error for repetitive command paths

D. L. ZHANG,Y. H. CHEN,Y. P. CHEN

Journal Article

Experimental and parametrical investigation of pre-stressed ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

Journal Article

Investigation into viability of using two-stage (pre-placed aggregate) concrete in Irish setting

John O’MALLEY, Hakim S. ABDELGADER,

Journal Article

Evaluation of the static and dynamic structural performance of segmental pre-stressed concrete box girder

Ali Fadhil NASER, Zonglin WANG

Journal Article

Techno-economic comparison of three technologies for pre-combustion CO

Simon Roussanaly, Monika Vitvarova, Rahul Anantharaman, David Berstad, Brede Hagen, Jana Jakobsen, Vaclav Novotny, Geir Skaugen

Journal Article

Hybrid flexural components: Testing pre-stressed steel and GFRP bars together as reinforcement for flexural

Mohammed FARUQI, Oved I. MATA, Francisco AGUINIGA

Journal Article

China’s pre-2020 CO

Hailin WANG

Journal Article

Virtual pre-assembly for large steel structures based on BIM, PLP algorithm, and 3D measurement

Ying ZHOU, Wan WANG, Hanbin LUO, Yan ZHANG

Journal Article

Quantitatively assessing the pre-grouting effect on the stability of tunnels excavated in fault

Xiao YAN, Zizheng SUN, Shucai LI, Rentai LIU, Qingsong ZHANG, Yiming ZHANG

Journal Article

Experimental study of nitrite accumulation in pre-denitrification biological nitrogen removal process

WU Xuelei, CHEN Lunqiang, PENG Yongzhen, WANG Pu, WANG Yayi

Journal Article

Pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore constantvolume chamber: effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure

Xiang LI, Wenzheng ZHANG, Zhong HUANG, Dehao JU, Li HUANG, Mingzhi FENG, Xingcai LU, Zhen HUANG

Journal Article

Breeding for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat under rainfed conditions

Muhammad ZEESHAN, Waheed ARSHAD, Muhammad Imran KHAN, Shiraz ALI, Ali NAWAZ, Amina BATOOL, Muhammad TARIQ, Muhammad Imran AKRAM, Muhammad Amjad ALI

Journal Article

Pre-Trained Language Models and Their Applications

Haifeng Wang, Jiwei Li, Hua Wu, Eduard Hovy, Yu Sun

Journal Article