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Kinetics and thermodynamics of the phosphine adsorption on the modified activated carbon

Bingnan REN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 203-208 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0571-0

Abstract: The kinetics and the thermodynamics of phosphine (PH ) adsorption on the modified activated carbon haveBy analyzing the results of the kinetics and the thermodynamics, we found that the adsorption of PH

Keywords: adsorption     PH3     activated carbon     kinetics     thermodynamics    

Adsorption of herring sperm DNA onto pine sawdust biochar: Thermodynamics and site energy distribution

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1579-7

Abstract:

● Adsorption of environmental deoxyribonucleic acid on biochar was studied.

Keywords: Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid     Antibiotic resistance genes     Biochar     Adsorption thermodynamics    

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1581-0

Abstract:

● The co-existing metals in WPCBs has positive catalytic influence in pyrolysis.

Keywords: Waste printed circuit board     Catalyst     Pyrolysis     Kinetics    

Latest progress in numerical simulations on multiphase flow and thermodynamics in production of natural

Lin ZUO, Lixia SUN, Changfu YOU

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 152-159 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0017-x

Abstract: Some studies on the multiphase flow and thermodynamics have been conducted to investigate the feasibilityA comprehensive numerical method considering the multiphase flow and thermodynamics of gas production

Keywords: numerical simulation     natural gas hydrate     dissociation     thermodynamics     multiphase flow    

Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics

Jasmin Shah, M. Rasul Jan, Attaul Haq, Younas Khan

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 428-436 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1358-x

Abstract: An adsorption study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solutions was carried out using walnut shells pretreated by different methods. In addition to the effects of the pretreatment, the effects of various parameters like pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption of RB was studied. The adsorption process was highly pH dependent and a maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 3.0. The best fit for the rates of dye adsorption was a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with good correlation coefficients ( >0.99). Langmuir isotherms were used to determine that the maximum loading capacity of the different walnut shells and the RB capacities ranged from 1.451–2.292 mg·g . The dye adsorption was also evaluated thermodynamically. Positive standard enthalpy (? °) values were obtained indicating that the RB adsorption process is endothermic as well as ? ° and ? ° values showed that adsorption process is spontaneous with an increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Desorption studies were carried out to explore the feasibility of regenerating the used walnut shells and it was found that 97.71%–99.17% of the retained RB was recovered with 0.1 mol?L NaOH solution. The walnut shells were also successfully used to remove RB from industrial effluents.

Keywords: Rhodamine B     walnut shell adsorption     kinetics     isotherms     regeneration    

Facile synthesis of α-MnO

Weixin ZHANG, Wenran ZHAO, Zaoyuan ZHOU, Zeheng YANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 64-72 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1402-5

Abstract: Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics for the adsorption of Congo red on α-MnO micronests were examined

Keywords: MnO2     Congo red     adsorption     kinetics     isotherm     thermodynamics    

Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller cycle

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

Frontiers in Energy 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 579-589 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0557-z

Abstract: This paper establishes an irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio ( ) and Miller cycle ratio ( ) on the power output ( ), thermal efficiency ( ) and ecological function ( ), obtain the optimal and optimal , and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the , and of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of , and are derived. The relationships among , , and compression ratio ( ) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of and on , , , maximum power output ( ), maximum efficiency ( ) and maximum ecological function ( ) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of , and as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twice-maximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological function, respectively. Moreover, when choosing as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 2.7% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 1.3% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective.

Keywords: finite-time thermodynamics     Dual-Miller cycle     power output     thermal efficiency     ecological function    

Room temperature liquid metal: its melting point, dominating mechanism and applications

Junheng FU, Chenglin ZHANG, Tianying LIU, Jing LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 81-104 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0653-8

Abstract: The room temperature liquid metal (LM) is recently emerging as a new class of versatile materials with fascinating characteristics mostly originated from its simultaneous metallic and liquid natures. The melting point is a typical parameter to describe the peculiarity of LM, and a pivotal factor to consider concerning its practical applications such as phase change materials (PCMs) and advanced thermal management. Therefore, the theoretical exploration into the melting point of LM is an essential issue, which can be of special value for the design of new LM materials with desired properties. So far, some available strategies such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and classical thermodynamic theory have been applied to perform correlative analysis. This paper is primarily dedicated to performing a comprehensive overview regarding typical theoretical strategies on analyzing the melting points. It, then, presents evaluations on several factors like components, pressure, size and supercooling that may be critical for melting processes of liquid metal. After that, it discusses applications associated with the characteristic of low melting points of LM. It is expected that a great many fundamental and practical works are to be conducted in the coming future.

Keywords: melting point     liquid metal     crystal     thermodynamics     molecular dynamics    

Liquid metal material genome: Initiation of a new research track towards discovery of advanced energy materials

Lei WANG, Jing LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 317-332 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0271-9

Abstract: Further, the first-principles (FP) calculation was suggested to combine with the statistical thermodynamics

Keywords: material genome     energy material     material discovery     advanced material     room-temperature liquid alloy     thermodynamics    

Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol synthesis from hydration of ethylene coupled with a sequential reaction

Jie Gao, Zhikai Li, Mei Dong, Weibin Fan, Jianguo Wang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5,   Pages 847-856 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1848-6

Abstract: Coal-based ethanol production by hydration of ethylene is limited by the low equilibrium ethylene conversion at elevated temperature. To improve ethylene conversion, coupling hydration of ethylene with a potential ethanol consumption reaction was analyzed thermodynamically. Five reactions have been attempted and compared: (1) dehydration of ethanol to ethyl ether ( ), (2) dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde ( ), (3) esterification of acetic acid with ethanol ( ), (4) dehydrogenation of ethanol to ethyl acetate ( ), and (5) oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to ethyl acetate ( ). The equilibrium constants and equilibrium distributions of the coupled reactions were calculated and the effects of feed composition, temperature and pressure upon the ethylene equilibrium conversion were examined. The results show that dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde has little effect on ethylene conversion, whereas for dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate, ethylene conversion can be improved from 8% to 12.8% and 18.5%, respectively, under conditions of H O/C H = 2, 10 atm and 300°C. The esterification of acetic acid with ethanol can greatly enhance the ethylene conversion to 22.5%; in particular, ethylene can be actually completely converted to ethyl acetate by coupling oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol.

Keywords: ethylene     ethanol     thermodynamics     coupling    

Biosorption of Cr(VI) by carbonized

Jinfa CHEN,Ping YANG,Dagang SONG,Sha YANG,Li ZHOU,Lei HAN,Bo LAI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 6,   Pages 960-966 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0612-2

Abstract: High quality and low cost carbon can be prepared from ( ) and Buckwheat straw. The biosorbent was used for Cr(VI) removal. The effect of experimental parameters, such as pH, sorbent dosage and temperature were examined and the optimal experimental condition was determined. Solution pH is found influencing the adsorption. Cr(VI) removal efficiency is found to be maximum (98%) at pH= 1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable to the adsorption process and their constants were evaluated. The adsorption data obtained agreed well with the Langmuir sorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) ranged from 46.23 to 55.19 mg·g for temperature between 298 K and 308 K under the condition of pH= 1.0. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change ( ), enthalpy ( ) and entropy ( ) indicate a spontaneous, endothermic and increased randomness nature of Cr(VI) adsorption. Studies found that the raw and buckwheat straw mixed materials with simple treatment had a high efficiency for the removal of Cr(VI) and would be a promising adsorbent.

Keywords: Eupatorium adenophorum     buckwheat straw     adsorption     Cr(VI)     thermodynamics    

Entropy flow, entropy generation, exergy flux, and optimal absorbing temperature in radiative transfer between parallel plates

Zeshao CHEN, Songping MO, Peng HU, Shouli JIANG, Gang WANG, Xiaofang CHENG,

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 301-305 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0006-0

Abstract: Taking nonequilibrium radiative heat transfer between two surfaces as an example, the nonequilibrium thermodynamics

Keywords: radiative heat transfer     entropy generation     exergy     thermodynamics    

Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Qian YAO, Hua ZHANG, Jun WU, Liming SHAO, Pinjing HE,

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 286-294 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0025-4

Abstract: Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, Δ (−0.8– −4.58 kJ·mol), Δ (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol), and Δ (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol·K) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr(III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy ( = −7 kJ·mol) and the intra-particle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled.

Keywords: activated sludge     biosorption     chromium     film diffusion     kinetics     thermodynamics    

Comprehensive performance analysis and optimization of 1,3-dimethylimidazolylium dimethylphosphate-water binary mixture for a single effect absorption refrigeration system

Gorakshnath TAKALKAR, Ahmad K. SLEITI

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 521-535 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0720-9

Abstract: The energy and exergy analyses of the absorption refrigeration system (ARS) using H O-[mmim][DMP] mixture were investigated for a wide range of temperature. The equilibrium Dühring ( - - ) and enthalpy ( - - ) of mixture were assessed using the excess Gibbs free non-random two liquid (NRTL) model for a temperature range of 20°C to 140°C and from 0.1 to 0.9. The performance validation of the ARS cycle showed a better coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.834 for H O-[mmim][DMP] in comparison to NH -H O, H O-LiBr, H O-[emim][DMP], and H O-[emim][BF4]. Further, ARS performances with various operating temperatures of the absorber ( ), condenser ( ), generator ( ), and evaporator ( ) were simulated and optimized for a maximum COP and exergetic COP (ECOP). The effects of from 50°C to 150°C and and from 30°C to 50°C on COP and ECOP, the , , and circulation ratio (CR) of the ARS were evaluated and optimized for from 5°C to 15°C. The optimization revealed that needed to achieve a maximum COP which was more than that for a maximum ECOP. Therefore, this investigation provides criteria to select low grade heat source temperature. Most of the series flow of the cases of cooling water from the condenser to the absorber was found to be better than the absorber to the condenser.

Keywords: driven absorption cycle     H2O-[mmim][DMP]     coefficient of performance (COP)     exergy analysis     thermodynamics    

A Multiscale Understanding of the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Mechanisms of Laser Additive Manufacturing

Dongdong Gu, Chenglong Ma, Mujian Xia, Donghua Dai, Qimin Shi

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 5,   Pages 675-684 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.011

Abstract:

Selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing (AM) technology has become an important option for the precise manufacturing of complex-shaped metallic parts with high performance. The SLM AM process involves complicated physicochemical phenomena, thermodynamic behavior, and phase transformation as a high-energy laser beam melts loose powder particles. This paper provides multiscale modeling and coordinated control for the SLM of metallic materials including an aluminum (Al)-based alloy (AlSi10Mg), a nickel (Ni)-based super-alloy (Inconel 718), and ceramic particle-reinforced Al-based and Ni-based composites. The migration and distribution mechanisms of aluminium nitride (AlN) particles in SLM-processed Al-based nanocomposites and the in situ formation of a gradient interface between the reinforcement and the matrix in SLM-processed tungsten carbide (WC)/Inconel 718 composites were studied in the microscale. The laser absorption and melting/densification behaviors of AlSi10Mg and Inconel 718 alloy powder were disclosed in the mesoscale. Finally, the stress development during line-by-line localized laser scanning and the parameter-dependent control methods for the deformation of SLM-processed composites were proposed in the macroscale. Multiscale numerical simulation and experimental verification methods are beneficial in monitoring the complicated powder-laser interaction, heat and mass transfer behavior, and microstructural and mechanical properties development during the SLM AM process.

Keywords: Additive manufacturing     Selective laser melting     Multiscale modeling     Thermodynamics     Kinetics    

Title Author Date Type Operation

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the phosphine adsorption on the modified activated carbon

Bingnan REN

Journal Article

Adsorption of herring sperm DNA onto pine sawdust biochar: Thermodynamics and site energy distribution

Journal Article

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

Journal Article

Latest progress in numerical simulations on multiphase flow and thermodynamics in production of natural

Lin ZUO, Lixia SUN, Changfu YOU

Journal Article

Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics

Jasmin Shah, M. Rasul Jan, Attaul Haq, Younas Khan

Journal Article

Facile synthesis of α-MnO

Weixin ZHANG, Wenran ZHAO, Zaoyuan ZHOU, Zeheng YANG

Journal Article

Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller cycle

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

Journal Article

Room temperature liquid metal: its melting point, dominating mechanism and applications

Junheng FU, Chenglin ZHANG, Tianying LIU, Jing LIU

Journal Article

Liquid metal material genome: Initiation of a new research track towards discovery of advanced energy materials

Lei WANG, Jing LIU

Journal Article

Thermodynamic analysis of ethanol synthesis from hydration of ethylene coupled with a sequential reaction

Jie Gao, Zhikai Li, Mei Dong, Weibin Fan, Jianguo Wang

Journal Article

Biosorption of Cr(VI) by carbonized

Jinfa CHEN,Ping YANG,Dagang SONG,Sha YANG,Li ZHOU,Lei HAN,Bo LAI

Journal Article

Entropy flow, entropy generation, exergy flux, and optimal absorbing temperature in radiative transfer between parallel plates

Zeshao CHEN, Songping MO, Peng HU, Shouli JIANG, Gang WANG, Xiaofang CHENG,

Journal Article

Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Qian YAO, Hua ZHANG, Jun WU, Liming SHAO, Pinjing HE,

Journal Article

Comprehensive performance analysis and optimization of 1,3-dimethylimidazolylium dimethylphosphate-water binary mixture for a single effect absorption refrigeration system

Gorakshnath TAKALKAR, Ahmad K. SLEITI

Journal Article

A Multiscale Understanding of the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Mechanisms of Laser Additive Manufacturing

Dongdong Gu, Chenglong Ma, Mujian Xia, Donghua Dai, Qimin Shi

Journal Article