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Embankment dam foundation analysis for the decrease of internal erosion likelihood

Marc SMITH

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 431-436 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0183-5

Abstract: A zoned embankment dam is founded on clay underlain by a sand deposit. Major seepage phenomena were noticed in the foundation downstream from the dam where the vertical seepage forces in the sand layer were expected to exceed the downward forces due to the overlying clay. Modern technologies were applied to delineate critical zones to help design optimal rehabilitation measures. A global electromagnetic survey was carried out to detect and map the main sources, pathways and exits of seepage. Based on these global findings, a more detailed analysis was then conducted to identify zones where thickness of the foundation clay is minimal, pore pressures in sand are higher and thus where the factor of safety against uplift is lower and internal erosion is more likely to occur. Clay thickness evaluation required the determination of land surface as well as clay-sand contact elevations. A laser airborne survey was performed to model the land surface elevation. Data concerning the clay-sand contact elevation came from the interpreted stratigraphy based on a series of boreholes and cone penetration tests. This data was combined in a geostatistical model along with the measured piezometric levels in the foundation. This resulted in a contour map showing factors of safety against uplift over the entire downstream area. The use of modern technologies, namely electromagnetic and laser surveys as well as geostatistical tools, was instrumental in defining the limits of an otherwise spread-out problem and to provide an optimal solution, in terms of costs and effectiveness, for the long-term stabilization of the foundation.

Keywords: seepage detection     geostatistical analysis     dam monitoring     internal erosion     LIDAR survey    

Investigation of flow dynamics and decrease of vortex noise inside volute of centrifugal fans

LI Chunxi, WANG Songling

Frontiers in Energy 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 235-240 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0040-3

Abstract: The characteristics of three-dimension flow dynamics inside the volute of a G4-73No.8D centrifugal fan was simulated numerically using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) technique. The generation, evolution, and noise of the vortex were investigated when cylinder-shaped and cone-cylinder-shaped anti-vortex rings were added separately. Numerical results showed that large-scale vortices were broken effectively and the flow fields inside the fan were more uniform with the two anti-vortex rings installed. Experimental results indicated A-sound level and spectrum noise of the refitted fan decreased and the two anti-vortex rings were effective in decreasing vortex noise. The cone-cylinder-shaped anti-vortex ring was more effective than the cylinder-shaped one in breaking large-scale vortexes and decreasing vortex noise.

Keywords: cylinder-shaped     evolution     computational     effective     large-scale    

Setting up a heart rate alarm limit to decrease oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery in children

ZHANG Kangkang, GU Enhua, LU Junjie

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 3,   Pages 295-297 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0056-4

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate a method which may decrease the incidence and severity of oculocardiacOCR was defined as a decrease of more than 10% from the baseline heart rate during operation.

Proposing two new methods to decrease lateral-torsional buckling in reduced beam section connections

Samira EBRAHIMI; Nasrin BAKHSHAYESH EGHBALI; Mohammad Mehdi AHMADI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 12,   Pages 1581-1598 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0886-1

Abstract: According to the results, RBS-ST and RW-RBS connections can decrease or even eliminate lateral-torsional

Keywords: RBS     RBS-ST     RW-RBS     lateral-torsional buckling     cyclic performance    

Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2008, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0040-3

Abstract: When increases enough to cause grinding burn, the strengthening effect of particles ′ in base decrease

Keywords: metallographic     topography     grinding GH2132     resistance     decrease    

Numerical analysis on heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex based on field synergy principle

WU Junmei, TAO Wenquan

Frontiers in Energy 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 365-369 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0055-1

Abstract: to an increase in pressure drop, while the delta winglet pair with the 30º angle results in a slight decrease

Keywords: computational     inherent mechanism     staggered     decrease     transfer surface    

Fine Chemicals in the New Century

Yang Jinzong

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 10,   Pages 21-25

Abstract: consideration in developing fine chemicals industry, including environmental protection, consumption decrease

Keywords: fine chemicals     environmental protection     core technology     energy saving     consumption decrease     specialty    

Effects of MgO promoter on properties of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to syngas

QIU Yejun, CHEN Jixiang, ZHANG Jiyan

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 167-171 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0031-7

Abstract: MgO promoted the reversed water gas shift reaction, which led to an increase in CO selectivity and a decrease

Keywords: excessive     selectivity     decrease     dispersiveness     physico-chemical    

Evaluation of the relative risk of stroke in patients with hypertension using cerebrovascular hemodynamic accumulative score

HUANG Jiuyi, WANG Guiqing, GUO Jiping, CAO Yifeng, WANG Yan, YANG Yongju, YU Xuehai

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 274-278 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0052-0

Abstract: RRs for stroke when hypertension complicated with decrease of hemodynamic scores, heart disease, cigarette

Keywords: inclusion     quantitative evaluation     cerebrovascular     relative     decrease    

Hydrogen peroxide is correlated with browning in peach fruit stored at low temperature

Zhansheng DING, Shiping TIAN, Xianghong MENG, Yong XU,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 363-374 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0246-x

Abstract: The results indicated that a decrease in HO content was correlated with browning, whereas phenol content

Keywords: beneficial     per-oxidation     appearance     decrease     hydrogen peroxide    

Economics of energy strategy with priority on conservation

Zhou Dadi

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 6,   Pages 11-18

Abstract: The integrated economic effectiveness of energy conservation and intensity decrease were analyzed,and

Keywords: energy strategy     energy conservation and intensity decrease     economic effectiveness of energy conservation    

Studies on catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater

GENG Bing, ZHU Yanfang, JIN Zhaohui, LI Tielong, KANG Haiyan, WANG Shuaima

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 357-361 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0061-x

Abstract: reducing the amount of catalyst, while concentrations of sodium formate increased with a considerable decrease

Keywords: dispersive     electron microscopy     considerable decrease     Catalytic reduction     brunauer-emmett-teller    

Dilution rate and microstructure of TIG arc Ni-Al powder surfacing layer

SHAN Jiguo, DONG Wei, TAN Wenda, ZHANG Di, REN Jialie

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 20-24 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0003-0

Abstract: the surfacing parameter combination of low current and speed, the width and penetration of the bead decrease

Keywords: decrease     Ni-Al     surfacing parameter     temperature     surfacing process    

Soil PAH Concentrations Decrease in China in response to the Adjustment of the Energy Structure During Article

Xinghui Xia, Yanan Liu, Zhenrui Zhang, Nannan Xi, Jiaao Bao, Zhifeng Yang

Engineering 2023, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 115-123 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.023

Abstract:

China has made great efforts to fight environmental contamination along with rapid development and industrialization over the past few decades. However, the effects of these nationwide measures, such as energy restructuring, on pollutant residuals in soil have not been well quantified. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution is a major concern around the world, and PAH emissions are associated with the energy structure. Therefore, we speculated that the adjustment of the energy structure in China may reduce the content of PAHs in soil. To test this hypothesis, we measured the concentrations of sixteen US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority PAH compounds (Σ16PAHs) at 54 soil sampling sites in Beijing in 2008 and 2019 and compiled nationwide data for 1704 soil sampling sites in the past two decades. The results showed that the Σ16PAH concentrations descended along the urban–suburban–rural–background gradient, and they first increased with increasing gross regional production (GRP) and plateaued when the GRP reached a certain level. The average Σ16PAH concentrations showed a decreasing trend across China over the past 20 years, and they decreased significantly from 22.7 μg·g−1 total organic carbon (TOC) in 2008 to 10.0 μg·g−1 TOC in 2019 in Beijing. The source identification analyses inferred that the decreasing trend of soil PAHs was due to the declines in the consumption of coal, coke, and some oils and the rising consumption of clean energy, such as electricity and natural gas, in China. This study demonstrates the important role of adjusting the energy structure in decreasing soil PAH concentrations and improving soil environmental quality.

Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons     Soil     Black carbon     Environmental pollution     Energy structure     Sustainable development    

Crossing “Environmental Mountain”——On the Increase and Decrease of Environment Impact in the Process

Lu Zhongwu,Mao Jiansu

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 12,   Pages 36-42

Abstract:

The curve of environmental impact in the process of economic growth in developed countries was likened to “environmental mountain”. For developing countries, particularly China, the right way of economic development is going through the “environmental mountain” on the halfway up the mountain - a new way for industrialization. The formulas of the relationship between environmental impact and GDP were derived, in which there are 2 key variables: g—growth rate of GDP; t—decreasing rate of environmental impact per unit GDP. Taking several countries and provinces in China as examples, the relationships between economic growth and energy consumption were studied. The environmental impacts of China in the years 2005, 2010 and 2020 were anticipated under different assumptions, and further discussion was given in terms of energy consumption.

Keywords: “environmental mountain”     environmental impact     growth rate of GDP     environmental impact per unit GDP     decreasing rate of environmental impact per unit GDP    

Title Author Date Type Operation

Embankment dam foundation analysis for the decrease of internal erosion likelihood

Marc SMITH

Journal Article

Investigation of flow dynamics and decrease of vortex noise inside volute of centrifugal fans

LI Chunxi, WANG Songling

Journal Article

Setting up a heart rate alarm limit to decrease oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery in children

ZHANG Kangkang, GU Enhua, LU Junjie

Journal Article

Proposing two new methods to decrease lateral-torsional buckling in reduced beam section connections

Samira EBRAHIMI; Nasrin BAKHSHAYESH EGHBALI; Mohammad Mehdi AHMADI

Journal Article

Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

Journal Article

Numerical analysis on heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex based on field synergy principle

WU Junmei, TAO Wenquan

Journal Article

Fine Chemicals in the New Century

Yang Jinzong

Journal Article

Effects of MgO promoter on properties of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to syngas

QIU Yejun, CHEN Jixiang, ZHANG Jiyan

Journal Article

Evaluation of the relative risk of stroke in patients with hypertension using cerebrovascular hemodynamic accumulative score

HUANG Jiuyi, WANG Guiqing, GUO Jiping, CAO Yifeng, WANG Yan, YANG Yongju, YU Xuehai

Journal Article

Hydrogen peroxide is correlated with browning in peach fruit stored at low temperature

Zhansheng DING, Shiping TIAN, Xianghong MENG, Yong XU,

Journal Article

Economics of energy strategy with priority on conservation

Zhou Dadi

Journal Article

Studies on catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater

GENG Bing, ZHU Yanfang, JIN Zhaohui, LI Tielong, KANG Haiyan, WANG Shuaima

Journal Article

Dilution rate and microstructure of TIG arc Ni-Al powder surfacing layer

SHAN Jiguo, DONG Wei, TAN Wenda, ZHANG Di, REN Jialie

Journal Article

Soil PAH Concentrations Decrease in China in response to the Adjustment of the Energy Structure During

Xinghui Xia, Yanan Liu, Zhenrui Zhang, Nannan Xi, Jiaao Bao, Zhifeng Yang

Journal Article

Crossing “Environmental Mountain”——On the Increase and Decrease of Environment Impact in the Process

Lu Zhongwu,Mao Jiansu

Journal Article