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The Major Root Causes of Smog in China and Technologies and Solutions to Reduce It

Ke Liu

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2016, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 343-348 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016053

Abstract: This paper discusses the two major root causes of smog in China. The first one is the distributed coal combustion in many small and medium sized boilers which have no emission control systems installed. To resolve this problem, there are several ways, such as increasing the centralized coal combustion for heat and power cogeneration; or converting coal to SNG in areas where there is enough water resource and removing the pollutants of the coal in the centralized coal to SNG plant, or refining the coal and making it cleaner first before combustion. The second major cause of smog is the low quality diesel and outdated diesel engines used in China. To solve this problem, there are some ways, such as improving the diesel quality to meet the national V standard, and meanwhile, enhancing the law enforcement to eliminate these outdated diesel engines that do not meet the national emission standards; in addition, combusting cleaner and cheaper fuel such as methanol or DME in the diesel engines is also an option for certain areas where there are abundant alternative fuels such as methanol to replace diesel.

Keywords： smog     emissions     coal refining     coal utilization     solutions    

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Discussion of solutions to ethical issues in real-world study

Sicheng Wang,Baoyan Liu,Ningning Xiong,Qi Xie,Runshun Zhang,Xuezhong Zhou,Jie Qiao

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 316-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0354-y

Abstract: Moreover, some preliminary solutions to these issues, such as protecting subjects during the process

Keywords： real-world study     ethics     strategy    

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Exploring solutions for sustainable agriculture with “green” and “development” tags in Africa

Felix D. DAKORA, Jianbo SHEN, Fusuo ZHANG, Xiaoqiang JIAO

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 363-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020356

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LARM PKM solutions for torso design in humanoid robots

Marco CECCARELLI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 308-316 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0318-6

Abstract: In this paper problems for design and operation of solutions for a robotic torso are discussed by referring

Keywords： humanoid robots     torso design     parallel manipulators (PKM)     conceptual design    

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Key problems and solutions in arch dam heightening

Zuoguang FU, Yunlong HE, Sheng SU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 98-104 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0004-7

Abstract: The dam heightening, which is an effective way to increase reservoir volume, has been paid close attention by engineers. Three problems should be dealt with when an arch dam needs to be heightened: stress state getting worse at dam heel, cracking on new added concrete dam surface, and weak bonding between new added concrete and old dam. Taking Geba arch dam as an example, these problems are examined in details through simulation analysis by the finite element method. The tensile stresses on dam’s surface and joint face that have certain relations to the dam heightening can be controlled by some measures.

Keywords： arch dam     heighten     tensile stress     finite element method    

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Possible solutions for sludge dewatering in China

Wei WANG, Yuxiang LUO, Wei QIAO,

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1,   Pages 102-107 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0001-z

Abstract: In China, over 1.43×10 tons of dewatered sewage sludge, with 80% water content, were generated from wastewater treatment plants in 2007. About 60% of the COD removed during the wastewater treatment process becomes concentrated as sludge. Traditional disposal methods used by municipal solid waste treatment facilities, such as landfills, composting, or incineration, are unsuitable for sludge disposal because of its high water content. Disposal of sludge has therefore become a major focus of current environmental protection policies. The present status of sludge treatment and disposal methodology is introduced in this paper. Decreasing the energy consumption of sludge dewatering from 80% to 50% has been a key issue for safe and economic sludge disposal. In an analysis of sludge water distribution, thermal drying and hydrothermal conditioning processes are compared. Although thermal drying could result in an almost dry sludge, the energy consumption needed for this process is extremely high. In comparison, hydrothermal technology could achieve dewatered sewage sludge with a 50%–60% water content, which is suitable for composting, incineration, or landfill. The energy consumption of hydrothermal technology is lower than that required for thermal drying.

Keywords： sewage sludge disposal     water content     thermal drying     hydrothermal conditioning    

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Highly efficient and selective removal of vanadium from tungstate solutions by microbubble floating-extraction

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 5,   Pages 581-593 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2235-2

Abstract: In this work, selective removal of vanadium from tungstate solutions via microbubble floating-extractionThe results indicated that vanadium can be more easily mineralized over tungsten from tungstate solutionsfloating-extraction could be an efficient approach for separating selectively vanadium from tungstate solutions

Keywords： tungsten     vanadium     selective separation     reagent mineralization     microbubble floating-extraction    

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Controlled synthesis of uniform silver nanowires with high aspect ratios in aqueous solutions of gemini

XU Jian, LIU Weijun, LIU Honglai, HU Ying

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 221-227 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0040-6

Abstract: A simple solution-phase approach has been demonstrated for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanowires with diameters in the range of 15 25 nm, and lengths usually in the range of tens of micrometers. In the presence of gemini surfactant 1,3-bis(cetyldimethylammonium) propane dibromide (16-3-16), the growth of silver could be directed into a highly anisotropic mode to form uniform nanowires with aspect ratios up to about 2,000. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction (ED), and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, were used to characterize the as-prepared silver nanowires, indicating the formation of a highly pure phase, good crystallinity, as well as a uniform diameter.

Keywords： solution-phase     photoelectron spectroscopy     16-3-16     surfactant     transmission    

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Experimental studies on extraction of cobalt ions from dilute aqueous solutions by using complexation-ultrafiltration

Jianxian ZENG, Junfeng LIU, Niandong HUANG,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 360-366 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0269-3

Abstract: The extraction of cobalt ions from dilute aqueous solutions was investigated by ultrafiltration with
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Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium

Jasmin Shah, M. Rasul Jan, Attaul Haq, Younas Khan

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 428-436 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1358-x

Abstract: An adsorption study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solutions was carried out using walnut shells

Keywords： Rhodamine B     walnut shell adsorption     kinetics     isotherms     regeneration    

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Urban agriculture as nature-based solutions: Three key strategies to tackle emerging issues on food security

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 736-741 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0262-4

Abstract: Urban agriculture as nature-based solutions: Three key strategies to tackle emerging issues on food security

Keywords： key strategies tackle     Urban agriculture nature     challenges    

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Investigation of bubble diameter and flow regime between water and dilute aqueous ethanol solutions in

Baharak SAJJADI, Mostafa Keshavarz MORAVEJI, Reza DAVARNEJAD

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 194-202 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1019-2

Abstract: For ethanol solutions in lower superficial gas velocity, a homogenous flow regime was observed.The gas hold-up in dilute ethanol solutions were more than (around 2 times) that of pure water and increasedwith increasing concentration of ethanol in those solutions.

Keywords： airlift rector     bubble diameter     gas hold-up     flow regime     ethanol    

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DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY: EXPERIENCE FROM STUDIES DEPLOYING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 214-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021437

Abstract: Soil and plant management interventions, including nature-based solutions, can also enhance soil quality

Keywords： diversification / ecological principles / legumes / plant management / soil management / soil ecosystem services    

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P2P energy trading via public power networks: Practical challenges, emerging solutions, and the way forward

Frontiers in Energy 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2,   Pages 189-197 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0873-9

Abstract: The ongoing efforts and emerging solutions to tackling the challenges are then summarized and critically

Keywords： distribution network     local virtual private network     network charges     peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading     practical implementation.    

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Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron-modified corn straw biochar

Fenglin LIU,Jiane ZUO,Tong CHI,Pei WANG,Bo YANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 6,   Pages 1066-1075 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0769-y

Abstract: Iron-modified corn straw biochar was used as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus from agricultural runoff. When agricultural runoffs with a total phosphorus (TP) concentration of 1.86 mg·L to 2.47 mg·L were filtered at a hydraulic retention time of 2 h through a filtration column packed with the modified biochar, a TP removal efficiency of over 99% and an effluent TP concentration of less than 0.02 mg·L were achieved. The isotherms of the phosphorus adsorption by the modified biochar fitted the Freundlich equation better than the Langmuir equation. The mechanism of the phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochar was analyzed by using various technologies, i.e. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the surface of the modified biochar was covered by small iron granules, which were identified as Fe O . The results also showed that new iron oxides were formed on the surface of the modified biochar after the adsorption of phosphorus. Moreover, new bonds of Fe-O-P and P-C were found, which suggested that the new iron oxides tend to be Fe (PO ) (OH) . Aside from removing phosphorus, adding the modified biochar into soil also improved soil productivity. When the modified biochar-to-soil rate was 5%, the stem, root, and bean of broad bean plants demonstrated increased growth rates of 91%, 64%, and 165%, respectively.

Keywords： iron-modified biochar     phosphorus removal     agricultural waste     agricultural runoff    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

The Major Root Causes of Smog in China and Technologies and Solutions to Reduce It

Ke Liu

Journal Article

Discussion of solutions to ethical issues in real-world study

Sicheng Wang,Baoyan Liu,Ningning Xiong,Qi Xie,Runshun Zhang,Xuezhong Zhou,Jie Qiao

Journal Article

Exploring solutions for sustainable agriculture with “green” and “development” tags in Africa

Felix D. DAKORA, Jianbo SHEN, Fusuo ZHANG, Xiaoqiang JIAO

Journal Article

LARM PKM solutions for torso design in humanoid robots

Marco CECCARELLI

Journal Article

Key problems and solutions in arch dam heightening

Zuoguang FU, Yunlong HE, Sheng SU

Journal Article

Possible solutions for sludge dewatering in China

Wei WANG, Yuxiang LUO, Wei QIAO,

Journal Article

Highly efficient and selective removal of vanadium from tungstate solutions by microbubble floating-extraction

Journal Article

Controlled synthesis of uniform silver nanowires with high aspect ratios in aqueous solutions of gemini

XU Jian, LIU Weijun, LIU Honglai, HU Ying

Journal Article

Experimental studies on extraction of cobalt ions from dilute aqueous solutions by using complexation-ultrafiltration

Jianxian ZENG, Junfeng LIU, Niandong HUANG,

Journal Article

Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium

Jasmin Shah, M. Rasul Jan, Attaul Haq, Younas Khan

Journal Article

Urban agriculture as nature-based solutions: Three key strategies to tackle emerging issues on food security

Journal Article

Investigation of bubble diameter and flow regime between water and dilute aqueous ethanol solutions in

Baharak SAJJADI, Mostafa Keshavarz MORAVEJI, Reza DAVARNEJAD

Journal Article

DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY: EXPERIENCE FROM STUDIES DEPLOYING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS

Journal Article

P2P energy trading via public power networks: Practical challenges, emerging solutions, and the way forward

Journal Article

Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron-modified corn straw biochar

Fenglin LIU,Jiane ZUO,Tong CHI,Pei WANG,Bo YANG

Journal Article