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An emerging market for groundwater remediation in China: Policies, statistics, and future outlook

Deyi Hou, Guanghe Li, Paul Nathanail

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1027-x

Abstract: There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated groundwater in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future.

Keywords： Groundwater pollution     Contaminated land     Groundwater remediation     Emerging market    

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Anovel approach of noise statistics estimate using H∞ filter in target tracking

Xie WANG,Mei-qin LIU,Zhen FAN,Sen-lin ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 5,   Pages 449-457 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500262

Abstract: Noise statistics are essential for estimation performance.In practical situations, however, a priori information of noise statistics is often imperfect.Previous work on noise statistics identification in linear systems still requires initial prior knowledge

Keywords： Noise estimate     H∞     filter     Target tracking    

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Performance Evaluation in Automatic Target Recognition Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Statistics

Li Yanpeng,Li Xiang,Wang Hongqiang,Zhuang Zhaowen

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 64-68

Abstract: Recognition (ATR), the evaluation indexes and their measurement method are chosen with the application of statistics

Keywords： statistics     fuzzy comprehensive evaluation     automatic target recognition     performance evaluation    

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An investigation on patient dose in screen-film diagnostic radiology in Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China

Xiang Du

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 506-509 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0294-y

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate patient dose in diagnostic screen-film radiographic examinations in the city of Lhasa, China. Seven out of the twenty-six hospitals registered with the Lhasa Health Bureau were included in the investigation. The entrance surface air Kerma (ESAK) of seven conventional screen-film radiology X-ray equipment in these hospitals was measured with a QA dosimeter in September 2012. The X-ray examinations were divided into three categories: PA (posterior-anterior) chest, upper/lower limb, and AP (anterior-posterior) lumbar spine. For each category, ESAKs were calculated and analyzed. The mean ESAK was 0.6 mGy for PA chest, 0.3 mGy for upper/lower limb, and 1.8 mGy for AP lumbar spine. In addition, the mean ESAK value recorded for PA chest X-ray examinations exceeded the corresponding value recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (0.4 mGy).

Keywords： radiation dosage     radiology     radiation protection     radiography/statistics & numerical data    

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Probabilistic model for vessel-bridge collisions in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Bo GENG , Hong WANG , Junjie WANG ,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 279-285 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0044-z

Abstract: Based on a field observation on vessel transit path of three bridges over the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir, and an analysis of the geometric probabilistic model of transiting vessels in collision probability calculation, the aberrancy angle and vessel velocity probabilistic model related with impact force, a probabilistic model is established and also verified by goodness-of-fit test. The vessel transit path distribution can be expressed by the normal distribution model. For the Three Gorges Reservoir, the mean and standard deviation adopt 0.2 and 0.1, respectively ( is the channel width). The aberrancy angle distribution of vessels accepts maximum I distribution model, and its distribution parameters can be taken as 0.314 and 4.354. The velocity distribution of up-bound and down-bound vessels can also be expressed by the normal distribution model.

Keywords： vessel-bridge collision     probabilistic model     parameter statistics    

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Artificial intelligence and statistics Perspective

Bin YU, Karl KUMBIER

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 1,   Pages 6-9 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700813

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is intrinsically data-driven. It calls for the application of statistical concepts through human-machine collaboration during the generation of data, the development of algorithms, and the evaluation of results. This paper discusses how such human-machine collaboration can be approached through the statistical concepts of population, question of interest, representativeness of training data, and scrutiny of results (PQRS). The PQRS workflow provides a conceptual framework for integrating statistical ideas with human input into AI products and researches. These ideas include experimental design principles of randomization and local control as well as the principle of stability to gain reproducibility and interpretability of algorithms and data results. We discuss the use of these principles in the contexts of self-driving cars, automated medical diagnoses, and examples from the authors’ collaborative research.

Keywords： Artificial intelligence     Statistics     Human-machine collaboration    

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Availability of wind energy resource potential for power generation at Jos, Nigeria

O. O. Ajayi, R. O. Fagbenle, J. Katende, J. O. Okeniyi

Frontiers in Energy 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 376-385 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0167-5

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the potential viability of the wind resource potential in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria for power generation. The monthly mean wind speeds that span from 1987 to 2007 were employed to statistically analyze the monthly, annual and seasonal potentials of the wind energy resources at the site. Besides, the results were employed together with two models of wind energy conversion system to simulate the likely average output power. The outcome showed that Jos was suitable as a site for wind farm projects of varying sizes and that MW·h to GW·h of electricity is likely to be produced per period of months, seasons and years. The average wind speed range at the site was also estimated to be between 6.7 and 11.8 m/s across the months, years and seasons.

Keywords： green electricity     renewable resources     Weibull statistics     Jos     Nigeria    

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Statistic and review of China’s earthquake prediction score

Gao Jianguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 6,   Pages 129-131

Abstract: doesn't happen without signs or unknown,our country has the case summary for every large earthquake.Statistics

Keywords： earthquake     earthquake prediction     nearly 30 years’earthquake prediction statistics in china    

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Performance and kinetics of iron-based oxygen carriers reduced by carbon monoxide for chemical looping combustion

Xiuning HUA,Wei WANG,Feng WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 6,   Pages 1130-1138 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0821-y

Abstract: Chemical looping combustion is a promising technology for energy conversion due to its low-carbon, high-efficiency, and environmental-friendly feature. A vital issue for CLC process is the development of oxygen carrier, since it must have sufficient reactivity. The mechanism and kinetics of CO reduction on iron-based oxygen carriers namely pure Fe O and Fe O supported by alumina (Fe O /Al O ) were investigated using thermo-gravimetric analysis. Fe O /Al O showed better reactivity over bare Fe O toward CO reduction. This was well supported by the observed higher rate constant for Fe O /Al O over pure Fe O with respective activation energy of 41.1±2.0 and 33.3±0.8 kJ·mol . The proposed models were compared via statistical approach comprising Akaike information criterion with correction coupled with F-test. The phase-boundary reaction and diffusion control models approximated to 95% confidence level along with scanning electron microscopy results; revealed the promising reduction reactions of pure Fe O and Fe O /Al O . The boosting recital of iron-based oxygen carrier support toward efficient chemical looping combustion could be explained accurately through the present study.

Keywords： chemical looping combustion     iron-based oxygen carriers     reduction kinetics     carbon monoxide     statistics    

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Building Fire Direct Loss Evaluation Based on Fire Dynamics and Probability Statistics Theory

Chu Guanquan,Sun Jinhua

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 8,   Pages 64-68

Abstract:

Based on fire growth probability and burned area, the method for evaluating burned area in building fire is presented in this paper. According to fire dynamics and different characteristics in fire growth process, the process is divided into four phases. By means of probability theory and event tree analysis, fire growth probability and critical time of every phase are calculated. Average burned area of building can be evaluated.

Keywords： building fire     fire risk evaluation     event tree     probability     burned area    

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Statistics and countermeasures of non point source pollution in plain river network of Taihu Basin

Qin Zhong,Geng Qingwei,Zang Guimin

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 6,   Pages 113-116

Abstract:

Comparing the total pollution load into rivers in 2005 with the one in 2000, the analysis suggests that the percentage of point sources in total kept reducing year by year, and the non-point sources increased significantly, especially total phosphorus (TP) whose amount of pollution from non-point sources have already exceeded that from point sources. The total amount of pollution from non-point sources was almost equal, but its composition changed. The pollution from rural domestic sewage ranks first and the pollution from aquaculture and fields ranks second in the total amount of pollution from non-point sources. Based on the analysis of causes of non-point sources pollution, this essay gives some suggestion on the control of non-point sources pollution in plain river network of Taihu Basin.

Keywords： Taihu Basin     plain river network     non-point sources pollution     contro    

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Geological features and reservoir exploration of Shawan formation

Liu Chuanhu,Wang Xuezhong

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 87-95

Abstract:

Shawan exploration of Juggar Basin was faced with exploration problems of small scale oil sand, thin reservoir and rapid changes in lithology. In 2005, Pai 2 Well in Shawan formation drilled oil layer. It obtains 49.6 t/d industrial oil and the ground oil viscosity is 1.6 mPa·s. Practice and boldly exploiting contributes to Shawan's breakthrough of shallow, light oil and high lithologic oil reservoir, and high precision three dimensional seismic technology has played a crucial role. Chepaizi region of Shawan formation has double gathered and the "three floors"  oil and gas accumulation mode of multiple oil source transporting, multi line oil, multi type enrichment and multi-grade coexistence characteristics. Shawan's light oil sand body shape has a good corresponding relationship with amplitude property, and the oil water boundary can be identified by seismic attributes. Oil of thin oil is oil lower limit, and powder and fine sandstone is lithologic lower limit, permeability of 0.022 μm2 and porosity of 20 % is lower limit for the properties. Reservoir interval transit time is greater than 300 μs/m, resistivity is greater than 1.5 Ω·m and resistivity index is greater than 5.5. 23 reservoirs have been found in Shawan.

Keywords： formation     oil and gas reservoiring mode     oil and gas exploration     petroleum geologic characteristics     statistics    

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Important Progress in Estimating Forest Resources

Zhao Xianwen,Li Chonggui,Si Lin,Tian Yonglin,Yuan Kaixian

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 8,   Pages 15-24

Abstract:

Traditional forest resources inventory is a hard mission, which needs much time, work and money. At the end of 1970s, remote sensing technology was introduced into China and has been used since then in the activities of forest resource inventory, especially in estimating forest stock volume, they include： Estimating volume stock of forest using quantitative value and qualitative factors of satellite data; Application of above — mentioned techniquess in different climate zones in China (The method has been spreaded over 7 million hectares in China); Estimating forestland, including area of fragments woodland and index of forest network etc. Through careful analysis of precision against costs, it is indicated that remote sensing method can save 1/3 to 1/2 budget in comparison with the traditional method.

In recent years, based on the previous study and by using modern statistic measure, new exploration and deeper study were done. These studies have solved some key problems in application of remote sensing in forestry resource inventory, such as calibrating remote sensing image against sampling plots on the ground, decreasing field work, increasing accuracy of stock volume on compartment, fast selecting optimal function, and avoiding factors that are hard to be determined by remote sensing data (such as age group, crown canopy, etc.). Both theor etical and practical applications have confirmed that remote sensing information play a leading role in estimating forest stock volume.

These discussed studies have made a good basis for the application of remote sensing in forest inventory, and given strong support for establishing a new system of forest inventory, which use remote sensing technology as primary measure.

At the end of this paper, a frame of new system of forest resource inventory is put forward, and suggestion on key problem in the new system is discussed.

Keywords： inventory by remote sensing     non-parameter estimation     forest stock volume     modern statistics    

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Coverage performance of the multilayer UAV-terrestrial HetNet with CoMP transmission scheme Research Article

Weihao WANG, Yifan JIANG, Zesong FEI, Jing GUO,weihaowang@bit.edu.cn,jiangyifan@bit.edu.cn,feizesong@bit.edu.cn,jingguo@bit.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 1,   Pages 61-72 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100310

Abstract: To support the ubiquitous connectivity requirement of sixth generation communication, s (UAVs) play a key role as a major part of the future communication networks. One major issue in UAV communications is the interference resulting from spectrum sharing and line-of-sight links. Recently, the application of the technology has been proposed to reduce the interference in the UAV-terrestrial heterogeneous network (HetNet). In this paper, we consider a three-dimensional (3D) multilayer UAV-terrestrial HetNet, where the aerial base stations (ABSs) are deployed at multiple different altitudes. Using stochastic geometry, we develop a tractable mathematical framework to characterize the aggregate interference and evaluate the coverage probability of this HetNet. Our numerical results show that the implementation of the CoMP scheme can effectively reduce the interference in the network, especially when the density of base stations is relatively large. Furthermore, the system parameters of the ABSs deployed at higher altitudes dominantly influence the of the considered 3D HetNet.

Keywords： Unmanned aerial vehicle     Poisson point process     Coordinated multipoint (CoMP)     Statistics of interference    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

An emerging market for groundwater remediation in China: Policies, statistics, and future outlook

Deyi Hou, Guanghe Li, Paul Nathanail

Journal Article

Anovel approach of noise statistics estimate using H∞ filter in target tracking

Xie WANG,Mei-qin LIU,Zhen FAN,Sen-lin ZHANG

Journal Article

Performance Evaluation in Automatic Target Recognition Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Statistics

Li Yanpeng,Li Xiang,Wang Hongqiang,Zhuang Zhaowen

Journal Article

An investigation on patient dose in screen-film diagnostic radiology in Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China

Xiang Du

Journal Article

Probabilistic model for vessel-bridge collisions in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Bo GENG , Hong WANG , Junjie WANG ,

Journal Article

Artificial intelligence and statistics

Bin YU, Karl KUMBIER

Journal Article

Availability of wind energy resource potential for power generation at Jos, Nigeria

O. O. Ajayi, R. O. Fagbenle, J. Katende, J. O. Okeniyi

Journal Article

Statistic and review of China’s earthquake prediction score

Gao Jianguo

Journal Article

Performance and kinetics of iron-based oxygen carriers reduced by carbon monoxide for chemical looping combustion

Xiuning HUA,Wei WANG,Feng WANG

Journal Article

Building Fire Direct Loss Evaluation Based on Fire Dynamics and Probability Statistics Theory

Chu Guanquan,Sun Jinhua

Journal Article

Statistics and countermeasures of non point source pollution in plain river network of Taihu Basin

Qin Zhong,Geng Qingwei,Zang Guimin

Journal Article

Geological features and reservoir exploration of Shawan formation

Liu Chuanhu,Wang Xuezhong

Journal Article

Important Progress in Estimating Forest Resources

Zhao Xianwen,Li Chonggui,Si Lin,Tian Yonglin,Yuan Kaixian

Journal Article

Coverage performance of the multilayer UAV-terrestrial HetNet with CoMP transmission scheme

Weihao WANG, Yifan JIANG, Zesong FEI, Jing GUO,weihaowang@bit.edu.cn,jiangyifan@bit.edu.cn,feizesong@bit.edu.cn,jingguo@bit.edu.cn

Journal Article