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Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 406-413 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0041-x

Abstract: Within Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 561 “Thermally Highly Loaded, Porous and Cooled Multi-Layer Systems for Combined Cycle Power Plants” at RWTH Aachen University, an effusion-cooled multi-layer plate configuration is investigated numerically by the application of a three-dimensional in-house fluid flow and heat transfer solver, CHTflow. CHTflow is a conjugate code, which yields information on the temperature distribution in the solid body. This enables a detailed discussion of the effects of a change in materials. The geometrical set-up and the fluid flow conditions derive from modern gas turbine combustion chambers and bladings. Within the SFB, two different multi-layer systems, one consisting of substrate made of CMSX-4 (a single-crystal super-alloy), an MCrAlY-bondoat and a ZrO thermal barrier coating (TBC), and the other consisting of a NiAl-alloy and a graded bondcoat/TBC, have been investigated. The grading will increase the life-span of the TBC as it can better compensate the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials. The main focus in this study is on the different substrate materials, because the thermal conductivity of the NiAl is considerably higher than that of CMSX-4, which leads to different temperature profiles in the components. The numerical grid for the simulations contains the coolant supply (plenum), the solid body for the conjugate calculations, and the main flow area on the plate. The effusion-cooling is realized by finest drilled shaped holes with a diameter of 0.2mm. The investigation is concentrated on a cooling hole geometry with a laterally widened fan-shaped outlet, contoured throughout, and one without lateral widening that is only shaped in the TBC-region of the system. Two blowing ratios, =0.28 and =0.48, are investigated, both for a hot gas Mach number of 0.25. The results for the lower blowing ratio and the fully contoured hole are discussed as well as those of the higher blowing ratio and the non-laterally widened hole. These represent two characteristic cases.

Keywords： conjugate calculation     effectiveness of effusion cooling     multi-layer systems     CMSX-4     NiAl-FG75    

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Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 126-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0897-7

Abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the quality of care of diabetes in Shanghai, China. A total of 173 235 patients with type 2 diabetes in 2017 were included in the analysis. Profiles of risk factors and intermediate outcomes were determined. The patients had a mean age of 66.43±8.12 (standard deviation (SD)) years and a mean diabetes duration of 7.95±5.53 (SD) years. The percentage of patients who achieved the target level for HbA1c (<7.0%) was 48.6%. Patients who achieved the target levels for blood pressure (BP)<130/80 mmHg and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c)<2.6 mmol/L reached 17.5% and 34.0%, respectively. A total of 3.8% achieved all three target levels, and the value increased to 6.8% with an adaptation of the BP target level (<140/90 mmHg) for those over 65 years. Multivariable analysis identified the factors associated with a great likelihood of achieving all three target levels: male, young age, short diabetes duration, low body mass index, macrovascular complications, no microvascular complications, prescribed with lipid-lowering medication, and no prescription of antihypertensive medication. In conclusion, nearly 50% and one-third of the patients with diabetes met the target levels for HbA1c and LDL-c, respectively, with a low percentage achieving the BP target level. The percentage of patients who achieved all three target levels needs significant improvement.

Keywords： type 2 diabetes     quality of care     macrovascular complication     microvascular complication     treatment pattern     epidemiology    

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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

Xing Wei,Han-ding Guo

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2014, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 341-347 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014060

Abstract: efficiencies in existing buildings cannot be separated from effective policy operation, and evaluating policy effectivenessThis paper creates an evaluation index system and a grey comprehensive evaluation model for policy effectiveness

Keywords： grey comprehensive evaluation     existing buildings     energy efficiency     policies effectiveness    

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Modernized Governance for the Construction of China’s Satellite Navigation System

Yang Junlin, Yang Changfeng, Mao Guohui

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 2,   Pages 31-40 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.004

Abstract: Furthermore, we suggest that efforts should be focused on improving the leadership, management, 

Keywords： BeiDou navigation satellite system     management effectiveness     scientific and technological innovation    

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Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6,   Pages 1301-1316 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0765-1

Abstract: An integrated storm surge modeling and traffic analysis were conducted in this study to assess the effectivenessm) and maximum wind speed about 115 mph were shown in both model simulations and Federal Emergency ManagementETI) to increase to 200% above normal conditions in some sections of highways, which reduced the effectiveness

Keywords： storm surge modeling     traffic     evacuation     Hurricane Irma    

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Relationships between loading rates and nitrogen removal effectiveness in subsurface flow constructed

ZHANG Rongshe, LI Guanghe, ZHANG Xu, ZHOU Qi

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 89-93 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0002-3

Abstract: Nitrogen removal of wetlands under 40 different inflow loadings were studied in the field during 15 months. The removal efficiency of four different sets of beds, namely the reed bed, the Zizania caduciflor bed, the mixing planting bed, and the control bed were studied. The outflow loading and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of these beds under different inflow loadings and pollution loadings were investigated. The inflow loadings of 4 sub-surface flow systems (SFS) ranged from 400 to 8000 mg·(m·d), while outflow loadings were less than 7000 mg·(m·d). The results showed that the inflow and outflow loading of TN removal rate in SFS presented an obvious linear relationship. The optical inflow loading to run the system was between 2000 to 4000 mg·(m·d). Average removal rate was between 1062 and 2007 mg·(m·d). SFS with plant had a better removal rate than the control. TN removal rates of the reed and Zizania caduciflora bed were 63% and 27% higher than the control bed, respectively. The results regarding the TN absorption of plants indicated that the absorption amount was very limited, less than 5% of the total removal. It proved that plants clearly increase TN removal rates by improving the water flow, and increasing the biomass, as well as activities of microorganisms around the roots. The research provided a perspective for understanding the TN removal mechanism and design for SFS.
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Advanced manufacturing technology effectiveness: A review of literature and some issues

Sanjeev GOYAL, Sandeep GROVER

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2012, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 256-267 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0330-7

Abstract: classification scheme, and identified certain gaps that will provide hints for further research in AMT management

Keywords： advanced manufacturing technology (AMT)     classification     implementation     justification     evaluation    

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Effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for hypertension in Shanghai communities: Results from the ShanghaiHypertension Detail Management Program

Xin-Jian LI MD, Min-Na CHENG MPH, Yu-Heng WANG MD, Sun MIAO MPH, Zong-Qi ZHANG PhD, Yi-Sheng CHEN MD, Wei LU PhD,

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1,   Pages 67-70 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0023-8

Abstract: A community-based multi-center randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectivenessThe intervention programs included disease management by a care manager.

Keywords： hypertension     community     pharmacological adherence     control of blood pressure    

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Pollutant reduction effectiveness of low-impact development drainage system in a campus

Shuhan Zhang, Yingying Meng, Jiao Pan, Jiangang Chen

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0969-8

Abstract: Additionally, the overall reduction effectiveness of the LID system on the average annual rainfall runoff

Keywords： Low-impact development     Rainwater harvesting     Non-point-source pollution reduction     Campus    

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Effectiveness analysis and optimum design of the rotary regenerator for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system

Xi WU, Hong YE, Jianxiang WANG, Jie HE, Jian YANG

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 193-199 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0184-z

Abstract: The influence of the period of rotation on the effectiveness of the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) rotary regeneratorBased on the modified model, the influence of geometrical parameters of rotary regenerator on the effectivenessThe results demonstrate that the effectiveness increases with the increase of the rotary regenerator

Keywords： thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system     rotary regenerator     effectiveness     carryover loss    

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Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

Uwe LUDEWIG, Lixing YUAN, Günter NEUMANN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 357-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019275

Abstract: The term P use effectiveness, which also considers energetic and sustainability measures in addition

Keywords： acquisition efficiency     plant growth promoting rhizobacteria     phosphate     use efficiency     utilization efficiency    

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Topology optimization and seismic collapse assessment of shape memory alloy (SMA)-braced frames: Effectiveness

Aydin HASSANZADEH; Saber MORADI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 281-301 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0807-3

Abstract: This paper presents a seismic topology optimization study of steel braced frames with shape memory alloy (SMA) braces. Optimal SMA-braced frames (SMA-BFs) with either Fe-based SMA or NiTi braces are determined in a performance-based seismic design context. The topology optimization is performed on 5- and 10-story SMA-BFs considering the placement, length, and cross-sectional area of SMA bracing members. Geometric, strength, and performance-based design constraints are considered in the optimization. The seismic response and collapse safety of topologically optimal SMA-BFs are assessed according to the FEMA P695 methodology. A comparative study on the optimal SMA-BFs is also presented in terms of total relative cost, collapse capacity, and peak and residual story drift. The results demonstrate that Fe-based SMA-BFs exhibit higher collapse capacity and more uniform distribution of lateral displacement over the frame height while being more cost-effective than NiTi braced frames. In addition to a lower unit price compared to NiTi, Fe-based SMAs reduce SMA material usage. In frames with Fe-based SMA braces, the SMA usage is reduced by up to 80%. The results highlight the need for using SMAs with larger recoverable strains.

Keywords： topology optimization     shape memory alloy     Fe-based SMA     steel braced frames     performance-based seismic design     collapse assessment    

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Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness

Guangyin ZHEN, Xueqin LU, Baoying WANG, Youcai ZHAO, Xiaoli CHAI, Dongjie NIU, Tiantao ZHAO

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 267-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0530-3

Abstract: dewaterabing characteristics of waste activated sludge using Fenton pretreatment was investigated in terms of effectivenessResponse surface method (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were applied to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness

Keywords： Fenton pretreatment     response surface methodology (RSM)     capillary suction time (CST)     dewaterabilty     molecular weight distribution    

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Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against the severity of Omicron variant

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 576-580 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0991-0

Abstract: Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against the severity of Omicron variant

Keywords： variant    

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Twenty years of achievements in China’s implementation of the Stockholm Convention

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 12, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1587-7

Abstract:

● China’s implementation of the SC was systematically studied.

Keywords： Stockholm Convention     Persistent organic pollutants     Compliance     Effectiveness    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

Journal Article

Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai

Journal Article

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

Xing Wei,Han-ding Guo

Journal Article

Modernized Governance for the Construction of China’s Satellite Navigation System

Yang Junlin, Yang Changfeng, Mao Guohui

Journal Article

Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

Journal Article

Relationships between loading rates and nitrogen removal effectiveness in subsurface flow constructed

ZHANG Rongshe, LI Guanghe, ZHANG Xu, ZHOU Qi

Journal Article

Advanced manufacturing technology effectiveness: A review of literature and some issues

Sanjeev GOYAL, Sandeep GROVER

Journal Article

Effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for hypertension in Shanghai communities: Results from the ShanghaiHypertension Detail Management Program

Xin-Jian LI MD, Min-Na CHENG MPH, Yu-Heng WANG MD, Sun MIAO MPH, Zong-Qi ZHANG PhD, Yi-Sheng CHEN MD, Wei LU PhD,

Journal Article

Pollutant reduction effectiveness of low-impact development drainage system in a campus

Shuhan Zhang, Yingying Meng, Jiao Pan, Jiangang Chen

Journal Article

Effectiveness analysis and optimum design of the rotary regenerator for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system

Xi WU, Hong YE, Jianxiang WANG, Jie HE, Jian YANG

Journal Article

Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

Uwe LUDEWIG, Lixing YUAN, Günter NEUMANN

Journal Article

Topology optimization and seismic collapse assessment of shape memory alloy (SMA)-braced frames: Effectiveness

Aydin HASSANZADEH; Saber MORADI

Journal Article

Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness

Guangyin ZHEN, Xueqin LU, Baoying WANG, Youcai ZHAO, Xiaoli CHAI, Dongjie NIU, Tiantao ZHAO

Journal Article

Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against the severity of Omicron variant

Journal Article

Twenty years of achievements in China’s implementation of the Stockholm Convention

Journal Article