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Development Trends and Suggestions of Nucleic Acid Vaccines

Li Aihua, Yang Xuemei, Sun Yinan, Yuan Yakun, Yang Juntao

Strategic Study of CAE 2021, Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 153-161 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.018

Abstract: Particularly, the R&D process of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has significantly accelerated, andthe mRNA vaccine was approved for the first time to be marketed and used in humans.Subsequently, it analyzes the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mRNA vaccine research, summarizes theshould be developed by improving the target gene expression, delivery system, immune response, and mRNAefficacy of nucleic acid vaccines should be strictly monitored; stakeholders should conduct research on mRNA

Keywords： nucleic acid vaccine deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccine ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccine messengerRNA (mRNA) vaccine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cancer

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Changes in lncRNAs and related genes in β-thalassemia minor and β-thalassemia major

Jing Ma,Fei Liu,Xin Du,Duan Ma,Likuan Xiong

Frontiers of Medicine 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 74-86 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0503-1

Abstract: This study implicates that abnormal expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNA in β-thalassemia cases

Keywords： β-thalassemia long non-coding RNA mRNA phenotypic heterogeneity pathway

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Ribozyme and the mechanisms that underlie RNA catalysis

Timothy J. Wilson,Yijin Liu,David M. J. Lilley

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 178-185 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1558-2

Abstract: Ribozymes are widespread, and catalyze some extremely important reactions in the cell. Mechanistically most fall into one of two classes, using either metal ions or general acid-base catalysis. The nucleolytic ribozymes fall into the latter class, mostly using nucleobases. A sub-set of these use a combination of guanine base plus adenine acid to catalyze the cleavage reaction. New ribozymes are still being discovered at regular intervals and we can speculate on the potential existence of ribozymes that catalyze chemistry beyond phosphoryl transfer reactions, perhaps using small-molecule coenzymes.

Keywords： RNA catalysis RNA structure catalytic mechanism

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Using mRNA to investigate the effect of low-pressure ultraviolet disinfection on the viability of

Chao Yang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1111-x

Abstract:

UV can induce damages on mRNA consistently among different genes.

Keywords： UV disinfection Viability mRNA SOS response Programmed cell death

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Coronavirus Variants—Will New mRNA Vaccines Meet the Challenge?

Jennifer Welsh

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages 712-714 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.005

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Novel mutation c.1210-3C>G in with a poly-T tract of 5T affects mRNA splicing in a Chinese patient

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 150-155 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0846-5

Abstract: skipping-transcript, whereas mutant plasmid containing c.1210-3G in cis with T5 sequence caused almost all mRNA

Keywords： cystic fibrosis CFTR splicing mutation minigene

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Optimising the oil phases of aluminium hydrogel-stabilised emulsions for stable, safe and efficient vaccine

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 973-984 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2123-1

Abstract: To increase antibody secretion and dose sparing, squalene-in-water aluminium hydrogel (alum)-stabilised emulsions (ASEs) have been developed, which offer increased surface areas and cellular interactions for higher antigen loading and enhanced immune responses. Nevertheless, the squalene (oil) in previous attempts suffered from limited oxidation resistance, thus, safety and stability were compromised. From a clinical translational perspective, it is imperative to screen the optimal oils for enhanced emulsion adjuvants. Here, because of the varying oleic to linoleic acid ratio, soybean oil, peanut oil, and olive oil were utilised as oil phases in the preparation of aluminium hydrogel-stabilised squalene-in-water emulsions, which were then screened for their stability and immunogenicity. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of oil phases and emulsion stability were unravelled, which showed that a higher oleic to linoleic acid ratio increased anti-oxidative capabilities but reduced the long-term storage stability owing to the relatively low zeta potential of the prepared droplets. As a result, compared with squalene-in-water ASEs, soybean-in-water ASEs exhibited comparable immune responses and enhanced stability. By optimising the oil phase of the emulsion adjuvants, this work may offer an alternative strategy for safe, stable, and effective emulsion adjuvants.

Keywords： pickering emulsion vaccine adjuvant alum-stabilised emulsion oleic to linoleic acid ratio stability

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Antitumor immunity of human SART3 gene vaccine against mouse tumor

HE Yu, YANG Shuhua, LIU Yong, LI Tao

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 51-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0010-5

Abstract: After subcutaneous injection with SART3 gene vaccine, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was measuredAnother group was treated with the vaccine after tumor implantation.It was found that human SART3 DNA vaccine can elicit a specific CTL reaction from the mouse splenocytesThe vaccine also shows activity in tumor treatment.We conclude that the human SART3 DNA vaccine can induce antitumor ability against tumor cells expressing

Keywords： antitumor therapy occurrence implantation DNA vaccine SART3 DNA

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Anti RNA Viruses Related Biomaterials

Yao Kangde,Yin Yuji,Zhang Baolian,Zhao Liguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 7, Pages 17-23

Abstract:

The structure, reproduction, replication and transcription of RNA viruses were introduced.Antivirus strategies including design of anti - SARS drugs, RNA interference, DNA vaccine delivery systemThese examples imply the interactions of RNA viruses with proteins, DNA, and polysaccharides.

Keywords： Anti-RNA viruses protein DNA polysaccharide biomaterials

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RNA-Based Biocontrols—A New Paradigm in Crop Protection Review

Matthew Bramlett, Geert Plaetinck, Peter Maienfisch

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 522-527 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.008

Abstract: Over the last years, the RNA interference (RNAi) process has been identified as a very promising newRNA-based active ingredients (AIs) possess a unique mode of action and can be implemented via both geneticRNA-based AIs promise to deliver the selectivity and sustainability desired in future crop protectionresearch progress toward RNA-based biocontrols against the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), corn rootwormMany challenges still exist on the road to the implementation of a broad range of RNA-based products

Keywords： RNA-based biocontrols RNA interference (RNAi) Colorado potato beetle (CPB) Corn rootworm (CRW) Soy

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Tim-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from asthmatic patients

Xiaoxia LU, Weikun HU, Shengdao XIONG, Guopeng XU, Fen LAN

Frontiers of Medicine 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 187-190 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0033-6

Abstract: expression of the Th1-specific cell surface protein T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) mRNAperipheral blood lymphocytes isolated from asthmatic patients and to examine the correlation among Tim-3 mRNATim-3 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The correlation among Tim-3 mRNA, IL-4, IFN-γ level, and pulmonary ventilatory capacity was analyzed.The expression of Tim-3 mRNA in patients with acute asthma exacerbation was 0.39±0.06, significantly

Keywords： asthma airway inflammation peripheral blood lymphocyte Tim-3

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Knockdown of a Specific Circular Non-coding RNA Significantly Suppresses Osteosarcoma Progression Article

Shidong Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Bo Li, Chenglong Chen, Tingting Ren, Yi Huang, Kai Liu, Jingjing Li, Wei Guo

Engineering 2023, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 187-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.007

Abstract:

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant mesenchymal tissue tumor known to occur in children and adolescents, and pulmonary metastasis often leads to death in these patients. The mechanism underlying OS progression remains unclear. Therefore, identifying new therapeutic targets and treatment modalities for OS is urgently needed. Abnormally expressed non-coding circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial for the occurrence and development of OS. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression and role of a novel circRNA circ_000203 in OS and elucidate the underlying mechanism. circ_000203 was demonstrated highly expressed in OS cell lines and tissues, and circ_000203 knockdown significantly inhibited OS progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that circ_000203 is a sponge of miR-26b-5p, an upstream regulator of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2). Thus, the overexpression of BMPR2 could reduce the inhibitory effect on OS progression. This indicates that knockdown of circ_000203 suppresses OS progression through microRNA (miRNA)-mediated BMPR2 downregulation. Our findings provide important insights for understanding the occurrence and development of OS.

Keywords： Non-coding RNA Osteosarcoma CircRNA Molecular mechanism Knockdown

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Broadly neutralizing antibodies and vaccine design against HIV-1 infection

Qian Wang, Linqi Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 30-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0721-9

Abstract: However, vaccine development has remained challenging.in broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) has led to the development of multiple novel vaccineOur review aims to highlight these discoveries and rejuvenate our endeavor in HIV-1 vaccine design and

Keywords： HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies Env conformational states vaccine design SOSIP

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Protection of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with comorbidities: a prospective

Frontiers of Medicine doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0995-9

Abstract: The protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection of the Sinopharm vaccine was similar in participants with

Keywords： COVID-19 Sinopharm/BBIBP vaccine immunocompromised patients real-world

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Blockage of receptor-interacting protein 2 expression by small interfering RNA in murine macrophages

LIU Hongchun, CAO Zhongwei, JIN Jianjun, WANG Jiyao

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 166-170 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0030-1

Abstract: Murine Rip2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmids were constructed and transfected into macrophage andRip2 siRNA plasmid could block the mRNA and protein expression of Rip2 and promote cell proliferation

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Development Trends and Suggestions of Nucleic Acid Vaccines

Li Aihua, Yang Xuemei, Sun Yinan, Yuan Yakun, Yang Juntao

Journal Article

Changes in lncRNAs and related genes in β-thalassemia minor and β-thalassemia major

Jing Ma,Fei Liu,Xin Du,Duan Ma,Likuan Xiong

Journal Article

Ribozyme and the mechanisms that underlie RNA catalysis

Timothy J. Wilson,Yijin Liu,David M. J. Lilley

Journal Article

Using mRNA to investigate the effect of low-pressure ultraviolet disinfection on the viability of