Summary: With the development of carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have recently received increasing attention owing to their unique optical properties, low toxicity, facile synthesis, abundance and inexpensive precursors. Along with the demonstrated applications in bioimaging, photocatalysis, and biochemical sensing, CDs are expected to have novel applications in different environmental fields. This work aims to review the recent developments in the use of CDs for environmental pollution control and remediation, such as sensing of environmental pollutants, contaminant adsorption, membrane separation, pollutant degradation, and as antimicrobial agents. Different synthesis methods of CDs as well as properties relevant to environmental applications are also discussed. Compared with other carbon-based nanomaterials, the unique nanostructures and properties of CDs enable exceptional environmental capabilities. Moreover, the challenges and research direction for future environmental applications of CDs are also highlighted. We believe this review will provide new direction to the development of environmental pollution control and remediation using CDs.,In this review, we focus on comprehensively summarizing the environmental applications of CDs, such as environmental pollutants sensing, contaminant adsorption, membrane separation, pollutant degradation, and antimicrobial. And finally, current challenges, research emphasis and prospects of this field are also discussed. We hope this review can offer some referable ideas for environmental applications of CDs, and provide guidance for the development of environmental pollution control and remediation.