肠道菌群调控的色氨酸代谢改善了D-Gal/LPS诱导的C57BL/6小鼠急性肝衰竭
郑志鹏 , 伍莉 , 韩玉秋 , 陈俊 , 朱帅 , 姚圆圆 , 王保红 , 李兰娟
工程(英文) ›› 2022, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7) : 134 -146.
肠道菌群调控的色氨酸代谢改善了D-Gal/LPS诱导的C57BL/6小鼠急性肝衰竭
Gut Microbiota-Controlled Tryptophan Metabolism Improves D-Gal/LPS-Induced Acute Liver Failure in C57BL/6 Mice
急性肝衰竭(acute liver failure, ALF)发病突然,常常导致死亡。既往动物实验发现,口服益生菌或抗生素都可以减轻药物引起的肝损伤,提示肠道菌群在药物性肝损伤的病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用。然而,其潜在的作用机制尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在通过多组学的方法,研究肠道菌群在ALF中的综合作用。广谱抗生素(broad-spectrum antibiotics, Abx)灌胃4周,明显改善了D-盐酸半乳糖胺/脂多糖[D-(+)-galactosamine hydrochloride/lipopolysaccharide, D-Gal/LPS]诱导的 ALF 小鼠的生存期。RNA 测序显示,在Abx干预的ALF小鼠中,肝脏的炎症反应受到抑制,而整体代谢途径上调。肠道菌群16S rRNA测序发现,Abx重塑了肠道菌群的结构和功能,伴随肠道菌群的色氨酸(tryptophan, Trp)代谢通路增强。此外,经超高效液相色谱串联质谱(ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UPLC‒MS)代谢谱检测提示,Abx 干预肠道菌群后,减少了 Trp 的排泄,释放了更多的 Trp 予宿主,犬尿氨酸(kynurenine, Kyn)水平升高,Kyn通路增强。Kyn作为一种内源性芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AhR)的配体, 可以通过结合AhR发挥抗炎和免疫抑制的作用。此外,AhR靶向干预了影响了经Abx预处理或未经Abx预处理的ALF小鼠的预后,表明AhR通路在一定程度上调节了机体对ALF的易感性。本研究表明,依赖肠道菌群调控的色氨酸代谢可以通过调节AhR的活性,影响宿主对ALF的易感性,为更好地管理ALF提供了一个有前景的靶点。
Acute liver failure (ALF) has an abrupt onset with a frequently fatal outcome. Previous studies have found that oral antibiotics prevent drug-induced liver injury in animal experiments, indicating that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathophysiological process. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. This study explored the comprehensive role of the gut microbiota in ALF using multi-omics. A cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics (Abx) pretreatment by gavage for four weeks improved the survival of D-(+)-galactosamine hydrochloride (D-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALF in C57BL/6 mice. RNA sequencing showed that inflammatory responses were inhibited and metabolic pathways were upregulated in the liver of Abx-treated ALF mice. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Abx reshaped the composition and function of the gut microbiota, with an increased proportion of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. In addition, global metabolic profiling by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) indicated that the gut microbiota post-Abx intervention reduced Trp excretion, liberated more Trp to the host, and enhanced the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway with increased production of Kyn. As an endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, Kyn has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore, AhR-targeted treatments affected the outcome of ALF mice with or without Abx pretreatment, indicating that AhR directly regulated susceptibility to ALF, at least in part. This study demonstrates that the gut microbiota-dependent control of the Trp metabolism could regulate host susceptibility to ALF by modulating the activity of AhR, and thus provides a promising target for better management of ALF.
肠道菌群 / 抗生素 / 色氨酸 / 犬尿氨酸 / 芳香烃受体 / 急性肝衰竭
Gut microbiota / Antibiotic / Tryptophan / Kynurenine / Aryl hydrocarbon receptor / Acute liver failure
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