6G需求、愿景及使能技术

工程（英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (1) : 1 -2. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.001

6G需求、愿景及使能技术

张平 ^a ,
沈学民 ^b ,
张建华 ^a

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Editorial for the Special Issue on 6G Requirements, Visions, and Enabling Technologies

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随着第五代通信系统（fifth-generation, 5G）商业化进程的加快，第六代通信系统（sixth-generation, 6G）研究被世界各地的学术界以及业界提上日程。6G将拥有比5G更高的性能，并持续渗透到社会的各个领域，进一步促进通信与其他学科如人工智能、材料学以及生物学等的融合。因此，现在发布一期关于未来6G发展的专题具有重要意义。本专题共刊登了8篇文章，涵盖6G需求、愿景及使能技术的最新研究进展。

由马远良等作者撰写的《6G无处不在——向广袤海洋的水下世界延伸》一文将目前的蜂窝通信扩展到水下场景。对海洋无线通信的实际需求、瓶颈制约、物理发现、科技突破、海洋无线通信与其他跨学科融合等问题进行了分析和讨论。结合无线通信和水声通信的优点，提出了建立海洋和大气之间数据桥的概念，并给出了几种构建数据桥的可行方法。结果表明，通过数据桥实现大气-水面-海底网络的统一是可行的。

由于海斌等作者撰写的《工业无线控制网络——从WIA向未来演进》一文总结了支持工业自动化（industrial automation, WIA）系列技术的无线网络的现状，并展望了其未来发展前景。分析了6G时代工业无线控制网络（industrial wireless control network, IWCN）的关键通信需求和面临的发展挑战，总结了WIA的关键技术、性能以及实际应用，并提出了一种适用于未来IWCN的异构分层结构以满足6G通信的需求。

由杨照辉等作者撰写的《6G中联邦学习的应用、挑战和机遇》一文全面概述了联邦学习（federated learning, FL）在未来6G无线网络中的应用，介绍了FL的本质要求、应用前景、存在的主要问题以及面临的挑战，讨论了FL在无线通信中实现的详细处理方案。

由刘光毅等作者撰写的《6G移动网络架构SOLIDS——驱动力、特征及功能拓扑》一文提出了一种6G的逻辑功能体系结构——SOLIDS。SOLIDS融合了柔性、按需实现、简约、内生智能、数字孪生以及内生安全六大特性，并支持无人参与下的6G移动网络自生成、自修复、自进化和自免疫。

由张平等作者撰写的《迈向6G智简网络——基于语义通信的网络新范式》一文提出了一种增强网络能力以实现智能至简（wisdom-evolutionary and primitive-concise network, WePCN）愿景的Ubiquitous-X 6G网络的路径，建立了一种智能高效语义通信（intelligent and efficient semantic communication, IE-SC）网络架构。该架构集成了人工智能（artificial intelligence, AI）和网络技术，以实现6G中各种通信对象之间的智能交互。概述了语义通信的最新进展，并重点介绍了6G潜在用例以及一系列开放性挑战。

针对6G增加的数据量以及更为严格的数据隐私保护要求而产生的挑战，由沈学民等作者撰写的《下一代无线网络中基于区块链的透明数据管理》一文提出了基于区块链实现非集中数据管理（decentralized data management, DM）的方案。该论文研究了数据管理代理的认证和授权需求，对数据管理代理的隐私需求进行了分类，并研究了基于区块链的协同数据处理机制。最后介绍了基于区块链的6G数据管理研究问题以及潜在的解决方案。

由万向等作者撰写的《利用超表面协同调制电磁波与数字信号以实现可编程无线通信》一文提出了一种在单块可编程超表面（programmable metasurface, PM）上实现数字信号调制和电磁（electromagnetic, EM）辐射操纵的融合机制。通过设计空间域和时间域的数字编码序列，能够按照期望的方式实现数字信息与PM远场模式的实时同步编程。介绍了一种可编程的无线通信系统。该系统可以实现单通道模式和多通道模式的数据传输。该论文为5G、6G以及现代智能无人飞艇/汽车平台方面提供良好的应用前景。

由刘承骁等作者撰写的《6G广域时延敏感物联网——移动边缘计算使能的非地面网络设计》一文提出了一种时分的面向过程的通信和移动边缘计算（mobile edge computing, MEC）系统的设计框架，以平衡时间敏感需求和非均匀的物联网（Internet of Things, IoT）设备分布。以一种可接受的代价来利用大尺度信道状态信息（channel state information, CSI）刻画复杂的传播环境。该论文解耦和求解了构建的保证非地面网络（nonterrestrial network, NTN）和MEC集成优势的非凸延迟最小化问题。

最后，感谢所有向本专题提交研究成果的作者。感谢本领域的评审专家，你们在评审过程做出的贡献和提出的宝贵意见使本专题文章增色不少。最后，我们衷心感谢Engineering期刊编委对本专题的支持和帮助。希望读者喜欢本期6G未来发展专题。