北疆供水二期工程，总长540 km。其中，隧洞总长516 km，加上49 条各种缓斜井和竖井，隧洞掘进总进尺569 km。特别是喀—双隧洞单洞长283 km，是目前世界最长的输水隧洞。主洞划分了18 台隧洞掘进机（TBM）掘进段和34 个钻爆法施工段，施工掌子面多达91 个。该工程不仅对建设管理、风险防控、安全高效施工提出前所未有的挑战，同时也对TBM 及其配套设备的设计、制造、运维提出了更高的要求。有必要根据工程特点和不良地质条件，分析工程建设面临的重大难题和关键技术，系统查找风险源、合理划分风险等级、明确责任主体、建立分级管控机制。本文提出了应用超前地质预报技术、岩机信息感知和融合的智能掘进技术、监测预警及现代信息技术，用以科学指导风险管控，提高安全掘进效率的技术思路。

The total length of the second stage of the water supply project in the northern areas of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 540 km, of which the total length of the tunnels is 516 km. The total tunneling mileage is 569 km, which includes 49 slow-inclined shafts and vertical shafts. Among the tunnels constructed in the project, the Ka–Shuang tunnel, which is a single tunnel with a length of 283 km, is currently the longest water-conveyance tunnel in the world. The main tunnel of the Ka–Shuang tunnel is divided into 18 tunnel-boring machine (TBM) sections, and 34 drilling-and-blasting sections, with 91 tunnel faces. The construction of the Ka–Shuang tunnel has been regarded as an unprecedented challenge for project construction management, risk control, and safe and efficient construction; it has also presented higher requirements for the design, manufacture, operation, and maintenance of the TBMs and their supporting equipment. Based on the engineering characteristics and adverse geological conditions, it is necessary to analyze the major problems confronted by the construction and systematically locate disaster sources. In addition, the risk level should be reasonably ranked, responsibility should be clearly identified, and a hierarchical-control mechanism should be established. Several techniques are put forward in this paper to achieve the objectives mentioned above; these include advanced geological prospecting techniques, intelligent tunneling techniques combined with the sensing and fusion of information about rock parameters and mechanical parameters, monitoring and early-warning techniques, and modern information technologies. The application of these techniques offers scientific guidance for risk control and puts forward technical ideas about improving the efficiency of safe tunneling. These techniques and ideas have great significance for the development of modern tunneling technologies and research into major construction equipment.