深部地下工程开挖过程中岩爆灾害频发，现有的岩爆防控理念和方法难以满足深部高地应力条件下的施工安全要求，岩爆的有效支护仍然是一个巨大的工程挑战。本文简述了地下开挖诱发岩爆的机理，提出了基于开挖补偿法的岩爆支护策略，依托引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞开展了岩爆支护的现场试验。研究表明：隧道开挖导致围岩的工程应力状态发生变化，并产生多余能量ΔE，这是岩爆发生的根本原因；开挖补偿法是一种高预应力补偿的主动支护策略，旨在抵消深部开挖效应，达到降低岩爆灾害风险的目的；自主研发的新型负泊松比（NPR）锚杆具有高强度、高韧性和抗冲击的超常力学特性，可作为开挖补偿法的核心材料；现场试验结果表明开挖补偿法和NPR锚杆可有效控制岩爆灾害。研究结果有望为川藏铁路等深部地下工程的岩爆支护提供指导。

Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation, yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions. Consequently, rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field. In this study, the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described, and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method (ECM) to rockburst control. Moreover, a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel. The following beneficial findings were obtained: Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy ΔE, which is the fundamental cause of rockburst. The ECM, which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst, is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation. The new negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength, high toughness, and impact resistance, serving as the material basis for the ECM. The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively. The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan-Xizang Railway.