机器翻译研究进展

王海峰; 吴华; 何中军; 黄亮; Kenneth Ward Church

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.023

工程（英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (11) : 143 -153. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.023

机器翻译研究进展

作者信息 +

Progress in Machine Translation

Author information +

文章历史 +

PDF (1780K)

摘要

经过70 多年的发展，机器翻译取得了巨大成就。特别是近年来，随着神经网络机器翻译（NMT）的出现，翻译质量得到了极大提高。本文首先回顾机器翻译的发展历程，从基于规则的机器翻译、基于实例的机器翻译，到统计机器翻译。然后详细介绍神经网络机器翻译技术的进展，包括基本原理和当前主流模型（Transformer），以及多语言翻译。接下来介绍机器同声传译的最新进展，探讨如何在翻译质量和时间延迟方面取得平衡。之后，介绍机器翻译丰富的产品形式和应用。最后，简要讨论机器翻译面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。

Abstract

After more than 70 years of evolution, great achievements have been made in machine translation. Especially in recent years, translation quality has been greatly improved with the emergence of neural machine translation (NMT). In this article, we first review the history of machine translation from rule-based machine translation to example-based machine translation and statistical machine translation. We then introduce NMT in more detail, including the basic framework and the current dominant framework, Transformer, as well as multilingual translation models to deal with the data sparseness problem. In addition, we introduce cutting-edge simultaneous translation methods that achieve a balance between translation quality and latency. We then describe various products and applications of machine translation. At the end of this article, we briefly discuss challenges and future research directions in this field.

关键词

机器翻译 / 神经网络机器翻译 / 同声传译

Key words

Machine translation / Neural machine translation / Simultaneous translation

引用本文

引用格式 ▾

王海峰,吴华,何中军,黄亮,Kenneth Ward Church. 机器翻译研究进展[J]. 工程（英文）, 2022, 18(11): 143-153 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.023

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户忘记密码

1、机器翻译发展简史

机器翻译（MT）研究如何使用计算机将一种语言翻译成另一种语言。第一台计算机——电子数字积分计算机——问世一年之后，Warren Weaver于1947年首次提出了机器翻译的设想[1]。从那时起，机器翻译就被认为是自然语言处理（NLP）领域中最具挑战性的任务之一。

从方法上来看，机器翻译技术可以分为两大类：基于规则的方法和基于语料库的方法。从机器翻译设想提出到20世纪90年代，基于规则的方法一直占据主导地位。基于规则的机器翻译（RBMT）使用双语词典和人工撰写的规则将源语言文本翻译成目标语言文本。然而，人工撰写规则成本很高，规则维护难度大，很难从一个领域转换到另一个领域，从一种语言转换到另一种语言。因此，基于规则的系统很难扩展到开放领域翻译和多语言翻译。机器翻译发展初期其主要被应用于军事领域。1954年，乔治敦大学与IBM公司合作，首次使用IBM-701计算机完成了将俄语翻译为英语的实验，拉开了机器翻译从梦想走向现实的序幕。之后的十多年里，机器翻译一直是热点研究领域。但随着1966年美国语言自动处理咨询委员会（ALPAC）发表关于机器翻译的报告，这股热潮戛然而止[2]。该报告对机器翻译持怀疑态度，导致机器翻译研究经费大幅削减，相关研究变得极其困难。在机器翻译繁荣发展的1962年，成立了当今计算语言学领域最具影响力的学术组织——国际计算语言学学会（Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL），其成立初期的名字为机器翻译与计算语言学学会（Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, AMTCL）。然而到1968年，ALPAC报告发表后，机器翻译发展进入萧条期，该学会将“MT”从其名称中删除。即便是在机器翻译研究遇冷的这段时间，研究人员也一直不断尝试各种方法以提高翻译质量。1965年，自然语言处理领域的研究人员举办了第一届国际计算语言学会议（COLING），会议重点是基于规则的句法分析和翻译。从20世纪70年代开始，RBMT方法变得更加成熟。1978年，SYSTRAN公司推出了商业翻译系统，这是当时基于规则的机器翻译系统取得商业化应用的著名系统之一。谷歌在2007年之前一直使用SYSTRAN公司的机器翻译服务。

随着双语语料库的不断建设和完善，基于语料库的机器翻译逐渐成为主流。其主要有三种方法：基于实例的机器翻译（EBMT）、统计机器翻译（SMT）和神经网络机器翻译（NMT）。20世纪80年代中期，研究人员提出了EBMT方法，其主要思想是通过模仿从双语语料库中检索出的相似例句来实现翻译[3]。EBMT的翻译效果依赖于检索到的例句质量。检索到的例句质量越高、与原文的匹配度越大，翻译效果越好。然而，由于双语语料库难以涵盖所有语言现象，导致EBMT方法在检索相似例句时覆盖率较低，进而影响翻译质量。因此，EBMT方法通常应用于计算机辅助翻译系统，提供相似例句作为翻译参考。

1990年，Brown等[4]提出了SMT方法，其主要思想是机器从大量数据中自动学习翻译知识，而不是依靠人类专家撰写规则。进一步地，在1993年，他们提出了5个SMT模型[5]，形式化地刻画翻译过程。由于SMT方法的复杂性，以及20世纪80~90年代RBMT在商业应用中的主导地位，当时SMT方法并未被广泛采用。然而，统计方法的出现受到学术界的重视。1996年，研究人员发起并召开了第一届自然语言处理中的经验方法会议（EMNLP），其目的是汇集来自一系列不同学科的经验方法，包括语言学中基于语料库的方法和工程学中的信息论[6]。1999年，研究人员在约翰斯·霍普金斯大学举办了一场夏季研讨会[7]。研讨会的成果之一是复现了Brown等提出的5个模型，并发布了一个名为“Egypt”的SMT工具包，大大降低了SMT的研究门槛。随后，词对齐工具GIZA和GIZA++相继发布[8]。2003年，基于短语的SMT方法[9]进一步提高了机器翻译质量。基于此方法的开源系统“Pharaoh”及其升级版本“Moses”[10]极大地促进了SMT系统的发展。基于以上开源工具及系统，SMT方法得到广泛研究和应用。2006年，谷歌推出了以基于短语的SMT为主要系统的互联网翻译服务。微软和百度等公司也在随后几年推出了机器翻译服务。需要注意的是，在实际应用中，单一模型很难解决丰富多样的翻译需求。因此，实际应用中通常采用集成了多种机器翻译模型的混合方法[11]，以提高翻译质量。受SMT模型成功的鼓舞，研究人员提出了多种创新方法来进一步提升SMT的性能，包括引入形态学信息的因子化SMT模型[12]、层次化SMT模型[13]以及在源端和（或）目标端具有句法分析树的基于句法的SMT模型[14‒17]。

SMT使用对数线性模型集成多个人工设计的特征，如翻译模型、语言模型和重排序模型等，尽管能够较显著地提升翻译质量，但在处理语序差异大的语言对翻译时仍然面临严重的词语重排序问题。随着深度学习技术在语音处理、计算机视觉等领域的快速发展，研究人员开始将深度学习技术应用于机器翻译。2014年，Bahdanau等[18]和Sutskever等[19]提出了端到端神经网络机器翻译模型，并正式使用了“神经网络机器翻译”（neural machine translation, NMT）一词。NMT的基本思路是将源语言映射成稠密向量（语义表示），然后基于注意力机制生成译文。随后，Dong等[20]提出了一种基于NMT的多语言翻译框架，这被认为是NMT多语言翻译的突破性方法。2015年，百度部署了世界上第一个大规模NMT系统[21]。2016年，谷歌也推出了NMT系统[22]。此后，其他公司陆续发布了NMT系统。自2014年NMT被提出以来，仅用了大约一年的时间就实现了大规模在线部署。相比之下，SMT系统应用于在线服务花了大约16年的时间。此后，基于卷积神经网络的翻译模型[23]和Transformer模型[24]，再次显著提高了NMT系统的翻译质量。NMT的巨大进步甚至引发了关于机器翻译是否可以与人工翻译相媲美的广泛讨论。越来越多的研究围绕NMT展开，如非自回归模型[25‒26]、无监督NMT模型[27‒28]和NMT预训练模型[29]等，旨在提高多语言翻译质量和翻译效率。

语音处理和机器翻译取得的巨大进步使得语音翻译成为前沿和热点方向。对口语翻译或语音翻译的探索始于1983年国际电信联盟博览会上展示的一个小型实验性自动口译系统[30]。1988年出现的语音到语音（S2S）翻译系统SpeechTrans [31]，被认为是语音翻译中的一个重要里程碑式系统[32]。在随后的20年中，特别是自1991年国际先进语音翻译研究联盟（C-STAR）成立以来，从限定领域和限定词汇的系统[33‒35]到开放领域的自然语音翻译[36‒40]，语音翻译的发展令人瞩目。2004年，国际口语翻译研讨会（IWSLT）首次举办并延续至今，进一步促进了语音翻译的发展[39]。

随着神经网络技术在机器翻译和语音识别领域的发展，新的语音翻译系统旨在实现同声传译的自动化，即在低时间延迟（通常只有几秒钟）的情况下，实现与源语言语音（几乎）同步的自动翻译。同声传译对人类来说也是极具挑战性的，需要极高的专注力来倾听和理解源语言，同时需要娴熟的翻译技巧快速地翻译为目标语言并传递给听众。因此，全世界范围内合格的同声传译员数量十分有限。同声传译员通常由两名或更多人组成团队，每15~30 min交替工作，以防止错误率呈指数增长[38]。受短时记忆限制，同声传译员通常采用合理省略源语言内容等翻译技巧[41]，以兼顾翻译准确度与时间延迟。因此，迫切需要开发机器同传技术，以减轻人类同传译员的负担，降低同传成本。作为一项早期工作，Wang等[42]提出了一种基于神经网络的机器同传方法，将流式语音切分成适当的片段以提高语音翻译质量。为了满足机器同传低时延要求，Ma等[43]提出了一种简单有效的“前缀到前缀”的机器同传模型。该技术首次实现了可控时间延迟，重新激发了NLP领域对机器同传的研究兴趣。国际上许多公司，如谷歌、微软、脸书、华为等，纷纷加入这一方向的研究。百度等公司的机器同传系统在数百场会议中得到了实际应用。为了促进相关技术发展，2020年，研究人员在ACL举办了第一届国际机器同传研讨会。同年，IWSLT也开设了新的语音翻译赛道。

2、神经网络机器翻译

近年来，NMT发展迅速[44‒45]。典型的NMT模型包含两部分：编码器将源句子映射为向量，解码器基于该向量生成译文。这个过程类似于人类翻译。NMT模型首先“读取”整个源句子；然后，基于对句子的理解，翻译模型逐词生成目标句子。与RBMT和SMT等以前的方法相比，NMT不需要人工撰写规则和设计特征。NMT是一个端到端的框架，直接从训练语料库中学习语义表示和翻译知识。凭借这些优势，NMT成为机器翻译领域当前的主流方法。

本节首先介绍NMT模型，包括基于基本循环神经网络（RNN）的模型及其改进，以及当前主流的NMT模型Transformer。然后，介绍多语言翻译，并讨论能够充分利用数据的回译技术和基于枢轴语言的翻译技术，以及基于多任务学习的翻译模型与多语言统一翻译模型等。接下来，介绍语音翻译及机器同传最新进展，包括由语音识别（ASR）、机器翻译和语音合成（TTS）组成的级联模型，以及直接对语音和翻译建模的端到端模型。

2.1 神经网络机器翻译模型

典型的NMT模型是基于标准RNN或其变体构建的[18‒19]。给定源句子

x = {x_{1}, x_{2}, \dots, x_{T_{x}}}

（其中，_x表示

x

的长度），编码器将

x

压缩为隐状态

h = {h_{1}, h_{2}, \dots, h_{T_{x}}}

，如下所示：

h_{t} = g (h_{t - 1}, x_{t}, θ)

(1)

式中，

g (.)

是激活函数；

h_{t}

和

x_{t}

分别是在时间

t

的隐状态和源语言词向量；t表示时间步长；θ是模型参数。在基本模型中，编码器将最后一个隐状态

h_{T_{x}}

作为源句子的表示。然后，解码器根据下式生成译文：

p (y | x) = \prod_{t = 1}^{T_{y}} p (y_{t} | y_{< t}, c)

(2)

式中，

y = {y_{1}, y_{2}, \dots, y_{T_{y}}}

是目标句子；

p (y | x)

是翻译概率；

T_{y}

是

y

的长度；是从隐状态 $h$ 生成的向量； $y_{t}$ 是目标词； $y_{< t} = {y_{1}, y_{2}, \dots, y_{t - 1}}$ 是已经生成的目标词。

标准RNN模型的缺点之一是信息在传递过程中衰减很快，导致长句翻译质量严重下降。为了克服这一问题，Bahdanau等[18]提出了三种改进方案，被广泛应用于NMT模型。接下来逐一介绍。

2.1.1. 注意力机制

当生成目标单词时，与上述基本模型中使用编码器最后一个隐状态 $h_{T_{x}}$ 来表示源句子不同，注意力机制计算目标单词和所有源单词之间的关联，并评估关联的强度。

c t = \sum_{j = 1}^{T_{x}} a_{t j} h_{j} (3) 式中， c_{t} 是上下文向量； h_{j} 是源单词 x_{j} 的隐状态； j 是 x 的单词索引； a_{t j} 是目标单词 y_{t} 和 h_{j} 的关联权重，其计算公式如下： a_{t j} = \frac{e x p (e_{t j})}{\sum_{i = 1}^{T_{x}} e x p (e_{t i})} (4) 式中， e_{t j} 是由前馈神经网络计算得到的词对齐强度； i 是 x 的单词索引。 实际上，注意力机制类似于SMT中使用的词对齐。SMT中的词对齐是一种“硬对齐”，表示源单词和目标单词是否有连接。而NMT中的注意力机制是一种“软对齐”，将目标单词通过不同权重连接到所有源单词。注意力机制显著提高了翻译质量，使NMT成为MT历史上的一项突破性技术。 2.1.2. 双向编码 与单向编码从左到右计算隐状态不同，双向编码器根据从左到右和从右到左两个方向计算隐状态，如 \vec{h} = \{{\vec{h}}_{1}, {\vec{h}}_{2}, \dots, {\vec{h}}_{T_{x}}\} 和 \overset{⃖}{h} = \{{\overset{⃖}{h}}_{1}, {\overset{⃖}{h}}_{2}, \dots, {\overset{⃖}{h}}_{T_{x}}\} 。然后将隐状态拼接为 h = \{[{\vec{h}}_{1}, {\overset{⃖}{h}}_{1}], [{\vec{h}}_{2}, {\overset{⃖}{h}}_{2}], \dots, [{\vec{h}}_{T_{x}}, {\overset{⃖}{h}}_{T_{x}}]\} 。因此，对于任意一个时刻，隐状态既包含了此时刻之前的历史信息，也包含了此时刻之后的未来信息，这再次提高了翻译质量。 2.1.3. 门控循环单元 门控循环单元（GRU）是传统简单激活函数的一种变体。GRU类似于长短时记忆网络（LSTM）[46]，但效率更高。GRU和LSTM都允许网络学习长距离依赖关系，而不会受到梯度消失问题的影响[47]。 实验表明，与SMT相比，NMT有显著进步。然而，早期的NMT模型仍然存在缺点，如集外词（OOV）问题、漏译问题、解码速度慢等。为了克服这些问题，He等[48]提出将统计特征（如短语表、 n 元语言模型和长度惩罚）引入NMT。沿着这个方向，研究人员借鉴了SMT技术，并将其融入NMT中，如词语覆盖度[49]、对齐一致性[50]、句法信息[51‒53]、短语表[54‒55]和翻译建议[56]等。Sennrich等[57]使用字节对编码（BPE）的压缩算法[58]进行分词，将开放词汇表压缩为固定大小的子词词汇表。该方法简单高效，被广泛用于NMT以解决集外词和低频词翻译问题。 基于RNN的NMT在编解码过程中对当前词的处理依赖于前文信息，难以并行化。针对这一问题，研究人员提出了多种方案以提升NMT模型并行能力。例如，将计算机视觉中常用的卷积神经网络（CNN）引入NMT [23]，通过卷积操作实现对句子中的长距离单词依赖关系高效建模，显著提升了模型的并行化能力。 受基于CNN的NMT方法的启发，Vaswani等[24]提出了一个名为Transformer的新型网络。该网络完全基于注意力机制，没有任何循环和卷积操作。Transformer包含三种注意力：编码器自注意力、解码器掩码注意力和编码器-解码器注意力。研究人员提出了一种新的缩放点积方法来计算这几种注意力。 A t t e n t i o n (Q, K, V) = s o f t m a x (\frac{Q K^{T}}{\sqrt[]{d}}) V (5) 式中， Q 、 K 和 V 分别是查询向量、键向量和值向量； \sqrt[]{d} 是缩放比例因子； K^{T} 是 K 的转置。具体来说，对于每个单词，模型通过将词向量与不同的参数矩阵相乘来创建三个向量——查询向量、键向量和值向量。注意力的作用是计算这些值的加权和，传递到下一层。 此外，研究人员还提出了一种多头注意力机制（multi-head attention mechanism）。 M u l t i h e a d (Q, K, V) = C o n c a t (h e a d_{1}, \dots, h e a d_{M}) W^{O} (6) 式中， M 是头的个数； h e a d_{m} = A t t e n t i o n (Q W_{m}^{Q}, K W_{m}^{K}, V W_{m}^{V}) (1 \leq m \leq M) 表示不同的注意力空间； W_{m}^{Q}, W_{m}^{K}, W_{m}^{V}, W^{O} 是参数矩阵。函数 C o n c a t (h e a d_{1}, \dots, h e a d_{M}) 将所有注意力头拼接在一起。 与循环神经网络和卷积神经网络相比，Transformer具有更强的并行化和表示能力。因此，它不仅在机器翻译任务上取得了最好效果（state-of-the-art），而且在许多其他NLP任务中也有卓越表现。例如，众所周知的双向编码预训练模型BERT [59]和知识增强预训练模型ERNIE [60]，均基于Transformer构建。 上述模型都是自回归模型，在解码时预测当前词需要依赖于已经生成的单词。这限制了模型在解码期间的并行化能力。针对这一问题，Gu等[25]提出了一种非自回归Transformer（NAT），它可以并行化地生成目标序列。 p (y | x) = p_{L} (T | x; ϕ) \prod_{t = 1}^{T} p (y_{t} | x; ϕ) (7) 式中， T 是目标句子的长度，采用条件分布 p_{L} (T | x; ϕ) 建立模型； ϕ 是模型参数。 与在生成特殊句尾标记（）时停止解码的自回归模型不同，非自回归模型首先使用 p_{L} (T | x; ϕ) 来预测目标序列的长度。尽管NAT在解码过程中实现了显著的加速，但翻译质量却受到影响。主要原因是NAT没有对单词依赖性进行建模，其对翻译质量的提升非常重要。受解码效率的鼓舞，研究人员提出了许多方法改进非自回归模型，包括知识蒸馏[61]、模仿学习[26]和课程表学习[62]等。 2.2 多语言翻译 不同的语言具有不同的形态和结构，这使得语言之间的翻译不仅对机器翻译来说是一项艰巨的任务，而且对人类专家而言也同样充满挑战。例如，汉语和英语是主-谓-宾型语言，而日语和韩语是主-宾-谓型语言。在进行汉语和日语之间的翻译时，通常需要进行长距离重新排序。此外，汉语是一种形态变化少的孤立型语言，而日语是一种具有丰富词形变化的黏着型语言。语言之间的差异性增加了多语言机器翻译的难度。 数据驱动的机器翻译方法，无论是SMT还是NMT，从大量平行语料中自动学习翻译知识。一般来说，增加训练数据量能提高翻译质量。Koehn和Knowles [63]的实验表明，当英语-西班牙语翻译的训练词数从40万增加到3.857亿时，翻译质量（使用自动评价指标BLEU度量）提高了约30%（绝对提升）。 遗憾的是，世界上大多数语言缺乏平行语料，这些语言也因此被称为“资源贫乏”型语言。由于数据稀疏性问题，为这些语言构建NMT系统是一个巨大的挑战。根据《互联网世界统计》，全球十大语言（英语、汉语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语、葡萄牙语、印尼语/马来语、法语、日语、俄语和德语）在互联网上的用户数量约占互联网用户总数的77%。其中，英语和汉语用户分别占25.9%和19.4%，而所有其他语言用户的总和仅占23.1%。对于资源丰富型语言，如汉语和英语，可以收集数十亿个句对来训练机器翻译模型；然而，对于资源贫乏型语言对，如汉语-印地语或汉语-斯瓦希里语，只有数千个或更少的句对可用。 此外，部署多语言翻译系统的成本也很高。如果在 N 种语言之间部署翻译系统，通常需要为每个翻译方向（汉译英和英译汉视为两个翻译方向）都构建翻译模型。 N 种语言互译则需要 构建 N \times (N - 1) 个翻译模型。 随着NMT技术发展，研究人员一直在寻求克服上述挑战的方法。一般来说，多语言翻译有两种方法：充分利用数据的方法和改进NMT模型的方法。 针对资源贫乏型语言缺乏训练数据的问题，直观的改进方法是收集尽量多的训练数据，并充分挖掘这些数据的潜力。与平行语料库相比，大量单语语料库更容易获得。在NMT中，单语语料通常可用于数据扩充。一种广泛使用的方法是回译[64‒65]，其主要思路是首先在一个小型平行语料库上训练一个标准的NMT模型，然后使用该模型翻译大量单语语料（例如，将目标语言句子翻译为源语言句子），从而生成一个可用于重新训练翻译模型的“伪双语语料库”。在极端情况下，可能根本就没有平行语料库。为了解决该问题，可以使用无监督翻译方法构建仅基于源单语语料库和目标单语语料库的翻译系统。Lample等[66]提出将不同语言的句子映射到相同的隐空间，并通过重构句子来训练翻译模型。Artetxe等[67]使用改进的SMT模型来初始化无监督NMT模型，以进一步提高翻译质量。Song等[29]、Conneau和Lample [68]以及Ren等[69]提出了基于预训练的无监督NMT模型。 多语言翻译的另一个研究方向是充分利用资源丰富型语言来提高资源贫乏型语言的翻译质量。该方法可以追溯到SMT时代。使用最广泛的方法是基于枢轴语言的翻译，即使用资源丰富型语言作为枢轴语言，在资源贫乏型语言对之间建立桥梁[70]。以中德翻译为例，由于有大量的中英和英德平行语料，因此可以选择英语作为枢轴语言。最简单的基于枢轴语言的翻译方法是传递法，它使用两个级联翻译系统[71‒72]：源语-枢轴语翻译系统，将源语言句子翻译成枢轴语言句子；以及枢轴语-目标语翻译系统，将枢轴语言句子翻译成目标语言句子。该方法易于实现，在实际系统中得到了广泛应用。缺点是级联系统存在误差传播问题。Wu和Wang [73‒74]以及Cohn和Lapata [75]提出了一种三角定位法，通过从源语-枢轴语和枢轴语-目标语翻译模型中引入源语-目标语翻译模型来学习短语级别的翻译知识。 此外，多语言NMT还可以使用统一建模方法，充分利用资源丰富型语言来提高资源贫乏型语言的翻译质量。传统的机器翻译方法需要为每个语言对和每项任务建立单独的翻译模型，而NMT使得在一个统一模型中跨不同任务翻译多种语言成为可能。一般来说，根据源端和目标端语言的数量，可以将该研究分为三类：一对多、多对一和多对多。 Dong等[20]提出了一种用于多语言NMT的多任务学习方法。如图1所示，通过共享编码器共享源语言语义表示，该模型可以在不同语言对之间充分利用源语言语料库。该方法为探索将一种源语言翻译成多个目标语言的问题提供了统一的框架。为了在 N 个语言之间部署翻译系统，该模型只需要训练一个编码器和 N 个解码器。Luong等[76]将该框架扩展到多任务，包括翻译、句法分析和图像描述。Zoph和Knight [77]提出了一种多对一的NMT模型，该模型在目标端共享解码器。Firat等[78]使用具有共享注意力机制的不同编码器和解码器进行多对多翻译。 图1 基于多任务学习的一对多NMT翻译框架图解。 A 1, A 2, …, A Z 是目标语言的注意力， T Y 1, T Y 2, …, T Y Z 是目标语言， Z 是目标语言数， s t T Y z (1 ≤ z ≤ Z) 是解码端的隐状态。 Johnson等[79]提出了一种简单的方法，将所有语言放在一起训练一个统一的编码器-解码器模型，以执行多语言翻译。研究人员在源语言句子开头添加了一个特殊标记，以指示它被翻译成哪种目标语言。该方法允许NMT模型学习多语言共享表示[80]，并且实现简单，无需对NMT模型结构进行修改。考虑到语言的多样性，Tan等[81]将语言分为几个群组，并为每个群组训练单独的NMT模型。 在实际系统中，通常将上述方法结合起来，兼顾翻译效率、部署成本等因素。得益于技术进步，当前的翻译系统可以支持数百个语言之间的翻译。Arivazhagan等[82]提出了一种大规模多语言翻译模型，该模型在超过250亿个句对上训练一个具有超过500亿个参数的单一模型，支持103种语言翻译（以英语作为源语言或者目标语言，与其他102种语言之间的翻译）。Fan等[83]提出了M2M-100模型，使用75亿个句对进行训练，可以支持100种语言互译。 2.3 同声传译 机器同传的目标是实现兼顾翻译质量和翻译效率的高质量实时翻译。在整句翻译（第2.1节）中，机器翻译模型基于整个源语言句子生成目标译文。而在机器同传中，为了保证实时性，翻译模型需要在未得到源语言句子完整内容的条件下进行翻译。 目前，机器同传的研究可以分为两类：级联（流水线）模型和端到端模型。 2.3.1. 级联模型 典型的级联机器同传系统包括将源语音转录为源语言文本流的ASR系统、执行从源文本到目标文本翻译的机器翻译系统，以及生成目标语言语音的TTS系统，具体如图2所示。在实践中，TTS系统是可选的，这取决于不同应用场景中目标端输出的是文本还是语音。 图2 级联机器同传系统框架。 如前所述，机器同传面临的最大挑战是实现高翻译质量和低时间延迟。由于ASR系统输出的文本流没有句子边界，而传统的机器翻译系统将具有明确边界的句子作为输入。因此，ASR的输出与机器翻译的输入不匹配。如果翻译系统在未得到充足的源语言信息之前开始翻译，则翻译质量会降低。反之，如果等待太多的源语言信息，则会增加时间延迟。 为了解决上述问题，需要对ASR的输出进行切分，将切分后的结果作为机器翻译的输入。通常有两种方法：固定文本长度的固定策略和根据上下文动态切分的自适应策略。 固定策略是独立于上下文的预定义的硬策略。此类策略根据固定长度对源文本进行切分[43,84]。Ma等[43]基于“前缀到前缀”的思路提出了wait- k 策略，其中， k 是模型首先读取的单词数，此后模型边读入边翻译。也就是说，输出总是落后于输入 k 个单词。该策略受人类同声传译的启发，他们通常在演讲者开始演讲几秒钟后开始翻译，并在演讲结束后的几秒钟内完成翻译。举例而言，如果 k = 2，则使用前两个源词预测第一个目标词，使用前三个源词和生成的第一个目标词预测第二个目标词，依此类推。形式化描述为 y_{t} : p (y_{t} | y_{< t}, x_{\leq q (t)}) ，即使用源语言句子前缀 {x_{1}, x_{2}, \dots, x_{q (t)}} 而不是整个源句子来预测目标词。 其中, q (t) 是一个单调非递减函数，表示预测 y_{t} 时编码器处理的源词数。一般情况下， q (t) 可以用来表示任意长度的同传策略，其中对于所有 t， 0 ≤ q (t) ≤ | x | 。两种特殊情况除外：① q (t) = | x | ，此时翻译模型即是传统的整句翻译模型；② q (t) = 0，则翻译模型退化为一个预测模型，即不依赖源语言句子的任何信息就开始翻译。固定策略简单易行，但由于缺乏上下文信息，通常会导致翻译质量下降。 自适应策略根据上下文信息进行动态的源文本切分。通常有两种方式，使用独立的模型对源语言文本流进行切分[85‒89]，或者在端到端框架中联合学习切分和翻译[90‒91]。自适应策略比固定策略更灵活，取得了更好的效果。受到人类同声传译员翻译方式的启发，Zhang等[92]提出了一种语义单元驱动的机器同传方法，将源语言文本流动态切分为可独立翻译的片段，以同时满足高质量和低时延要求。 在语音翻译中，有关增量TTS的研究不多。当前主流的TTS系统获取完文本中的所有单词后才开始生成语音，导致时间延迟高。在机器同传中，为了减少延迟，需要以增量方式生成语音。传统的增量TTS方法基于隐马尔可夫模型[93‒97]，使用语言特征的完整上下文，每个特征需要单独训练和调参。最近的研究利用了神经网络的优势[98‒99]。Yanagita等[98]提出了一种基于分段的TTS，一次合成一个分段。Ma等[99]提出了一种神经增量词级TTS。如图3所示，该方法基于两个前提：①单词依赖关系是非常局部的；②音频播放本质上是顺序的，可以与音频生成同时进行。也就是说，可以在合成后续文本时播放已经生成的上一段音频。综上所述，该方法在收到前两个单词后开始生成第一个单词的频谱图；该频谱图被送到声码器以生成第一个单词的波形，该波形会被立即播放。 图3 整句TTS与增量TTS。 K 1 和 K 2 分别是频谱图和声波生成的前瞻窗口大小。 级联模型易于实现，但是也存在问题。例如，级联系统中的三个模块均需满足实时性要求。此外，ASR错误会在向下游任务传播的过程中被放大，一个单词识别错误可能会导致整体的翻译结果不可接受。因此，需要增强语音翻译系统的健壮性。 2.3.2. 端到端模型 机器同传的最终目标是开发端到端的语音翻译系统，以便源语言语音可以直接翻译成目标语言，而无需像级联方法那样经过中间阶段。端到端模型不仅可以减少级联模型中的错误传播，还可以提高效率。然而，构建高实时性的端到端语音翻译模型是极具挑战性的。此外，可用于训练端到端模型的语音翻译数据非常稀缺。目前，公开可用的机器同传训练数据仅包含数百小时的演讲，其中大部分是日语-英语[100‒101]以及欧洲语言[102‒103]之间的数据。对于中英翻译，百度发布了一个包含70 h演讲的开放数据集，包括相应的语音转录和翻译[104]。 将语音识别和机器翻译集成到一个统一的框架中并非易事，端到端语音翻译是一项前沿技术。Bansal等[105]首次验证了端到端语音翻译可以在不用源语言语音转录的情况下实现。近来有些研究基于预训练或多任务学习来提高语音翻译质量。例如，基于ASR数据预训练编码器[105]，利用文本翻译来改进语音翻译[106‒108]等。Liu等[109]使用知识蒸馏方法，通过从机器翻译模型迁移知识来改进端到端语音翻译。但是，这些方法中的不同任务之间不能相互共享信息。为了解决这个问题，研究人员提出了两阶段模型[110‒112]，其中第一阶段执行语音识别任务，其隐状态（而非识别结果）作为第二阶段解码器（翻译系统）的输入。Liu等[113]提出一种交互式端到端语音翻译模型，可以交互地进行语音识别和机器翻译，从而提高了这两项任务的性能。最近也有一些研究聚焦直接建立端到端语音翻译模型[114‒115]。然而，由于训练数据有限，以及将语音识别和机器翻译集成到统一框架中的复杂性，目前的端到端语音翻译系统的性能尚不能满足实际要求。 由于级联模型易于部署且翻译质量比较高，因此当前大多数实用的语音翻译系统使用该方法。Xiong等[104]将机器同传系统与具有3~7年经验的人类同传译员进行了比较。实验发现，同传译员通常会忽略不重要的信息以保持合理的时间延迟。这可能会损失译文的完整度，但保证了实时性。与同传译员相比，机器同传系统生成的译文完整度更好。Shimizu等[100]实验也表明经验较少的同传口译员在同传过程中会丢失细节。这些研究表明，同声传译对于人类和机器来说都是一项艰巨的任务。 3、 机器翻译应用 机器翻译因其低成本、高效率和高翻译质量而在许多领域得到广泛应用。在中国，人工翻译费用通常为0.1~0.5元/字不等，具体取决于翻译人员的经验丰富程度。而机器翻译的价格约为0.00005元/字符。百度翻译目前支持200多种语言互译，每天翻译量超过千亿字符，应用领域广泛。图4列出了8个较大的领域分布。 图4 百度翻译领域分布。 3.1 文本翻译 文本翻译是最常见的机器翻译应用形式。以下是文本翻译的一些典型应用。 （1）网页翻译。随着全球化的迅速发展，快速获取外语信息的需求日益增加。聘请人工翻译人员翻译大量网页既昂贵又耗时。机器翻译提供了一种查看外语网页的便捷方式。用户只需复制/粘贴网页内容或输入网址即可以用母语阅读页面。 （2）科技文献翻译。研究人员、工程师和研究生等用户经常使用机器翻译系统阅读论文和专利等科技文献，或将他们的工作成果翻译成其他语言。例如，为了抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19），生物医学领域的翻译需求迅速增长。科技文献通常包含许多术语。借助领域自适应技术，翻译模型首先使用大规模语料进行预训练，然后使用少量领域内数据进行微调以进一步提升翻译质量。此外，文档翻译用于翻译格式丰富的文档，例如，PowerPoint、Excel、Word和PDF，在生成译文的同时保留字体大小和字体颜色等格式信息。 （3）电子商务翻译。机器翻译广泛用于国际贸易。在机器翻译系统的帮助下，卖家可以快速将网站、产品信息和服务手册翻译成外语，而买家可以轻松购买来自世界各地的产品。此外，机器翻译还可以用于客户服务，以提高服务质量和效率。 （4）语言学习。目前的机器翻译系统通常提供丰富的功能，包括翻译、高质量词典、例句等。因此，用户可以方便地查询单词或短语的含义并学习如何使用它。学生用户经常输入整个段落以帮助阅读理解，并使用例句来辅助写作。 除了文本翻译，基于人工智能技术的最新进展，图像翻译和语音翻译也已广泛应用于实际场景中。 3.2 图像翻译 图像翻译结合了计算机视觉和机器翻译技术，将图像作为输入，然后将其翻译成目标语言。 （1）多语言图像描述。此类系统可以描述图片内容并进行视觉问答，近年来得到了广泛研究[116‒118]。多语言图像描述基于NMT思想，其中，编码器的输入是图像，解码器的输出是文本。由于模型可以为同一张图片生成不同的语言，因此此功能对语言学习非常有帮助。 （2）光学字符识别（OCR）翻译。此种形式的机器翻译首先识别图片中的字符，然后进行翻译并使用译文替换原文本。此功能可用于出国旅行时翻译菜单、街道路牌、产品描述等。随着近年来对文档图像布局和文本信息进行联合建模的研究不断进步[119]，OCR翻译还可用于翻译扫描的文档，同时保留原始格式信息。 3.3 语音翻译 语音翻译结合了语音处理和机器翻译技术，将源语言语音作为输入，并以目标语言文本或语音作为输出。 （1）机器同声传译。如第2.3节所述，机器同传最近取得较大进展，并得到广泛应用。语音到文本（S2T）翻译将语音识别结果和译文以字幕形式投影到屏幕上，以方便用户观看。但是，屏幕上有限的空间通常只能显示一种语言对的字幕。因此，很难将S2T扩展到多语言。语音到语音翻译使得观众可以通过手机收听目标语言声音来解决这个问题。来自不同国家的用户可以选择他们的母语或他们喜欢的任何其他语言。机器同传系统目前广泛应用于国际会议。受新冠疫情影响，越来越多的会议以在线会议的形式举办。针对这类需求，机器同传系统也已集成到在线会议系统中，提供实时翻译。此外，用户可以使用机器同传插件用母语观看外语视频，如电影和讲座等。 （2）便携式翻译设备。带有语音翻译功能的移动设备近年来受到用户青睐。它们易于携带和使用，在语言学习、海外旅行和商务谈判等许多场景中有广泛应用。 此外，机器翻译技术也可用于诗歌生成[120]和中文对联生成。以诗歌生成为例，机器翻译模型将前一行生成的诗句作为“源语言句子”，将后续诗句作为“目标语言句子”，则可以逐行生成诗歌。 4、 挑战和展望 尽管当前机器翻译取得了显著进步，但仍有很大的提升空间。在机器翻译研讨会（WMT）等开展的机器翻译评测中，某些基准测试集上的自动评价指标（如BLEU、WER、METEOR等）[121‒123]表明，机器翻译有时比人工翻译更好。但需要注意的是，这些指标很难全面反映译文质量。好的翻译至少应该具备两个基本特点：译文忠实于原文（忠实度），以及译文地道流畅（流利度）。NMT方法在某些语言对或者领域翻译中表现出较高的忠实度和流利度。然而，该方法远非完美，在有些任务如语音翻译上，仍面临较大挑战。 总体而言，机器翻译还有许多方面有待改进。 第一，需要设计新的评价指标来衡量机器译文不同部分的重要程度。例如，人类同传译员在进行同声传译时不会试图翻译所有内容。在同传过程中，知道哪些内容需要翻译以及何时开始翻译是非常重要的。同传译员知道何时需要加快速度，何时可以放缓节奏；知道哪些内容需要着重强调，哪些内容则可以省略不译。但是，机器同传系统会翻译所有内容，并且不知道如何省略非重要内容以减少时间延迟。进一步地，机器同传系统应该反映出演讲者所强调的重点内容。最近，有些研究使用声学特征来识别重点内容并将其翻译成目标语言[124‒126]。除了语音信息外，说话者的肢体语言和韵律也可以清晰传达说话者所强调的某一部分内容（相对于其他部分而言）。然而，将翻译与说话者的肢体语言同步是比较困难的。此外，演讲者在演讲时经常会参考幻灯片。同样地，将翻译与幻灯片内容同步也充满挑战。尽管BLEU和WER之类的评价指标能够一定程度上衡量译文的完整性，但是不够全面，没有涉及延迟、强调、同步、理解等，这些也是影响翻译的重要因素。在机器同传中，前端ASR系统不仅需要能识别单词，还应该能够识别说话人所强调的重点内容，这些内容将会影响下游任务（机器翻译、语音合成）的效果。因此，新的评价指标应该奖励同传系统将重要内容做出准确翻译，同时惩罚只将非重点内容做出翻译。 第二，机器翻译的鲁棒性需要进一步提高。有时源句子的微小改变（如词语或标点符号的改变）可能会导致机器翻译产生的译文发生巨大变化。与机器相比，人类具有很强的容错能力，能够灵活地处理各种非标准语言现象和错误，有时甚至下意识地予以纠正。高鲁棒性的机器翻译系统在实际应用中至关重要。研发可解释的机器翻译系统是一种可能的解决方案。 第三，NMT在资源贫乏的语言对和领域中面临着严重的数据稀疏问题。目前的机器翻译系统通常使用数千万甚至数亿个句对的数据进行训练，从而获得较高的翻译质量。数据稀缺会导致机器翻译质量变差。与机器相比，人类却能从少量样本中学习。尽管研究者已经提出了多种数据增强方法、多任务学习方法和预训练方法来缓解多语言翻译面临的数据稀疏问题，但如何提高资源贫乏型语言的翻译质量仍任重道远。 综上所述，要实现高质量的机器翻译还有很长的路要走。需要研发能够结合符号规则、知识和神经网络的新方法，以进一步提高翻译质量。幸运的是，机器翻译在实际场景中的广泛应用可以不断提供更多更丰富的数据，促进机器翻译新方法的快速发展。 参考文献 原文顺序 | 出版日期 | 本文引用 [1] Weaver W. Translation. Mach Transl Lang 1955;14:15‒23. [2] Hutchins J. ALPAC: the (in) famous report. In: Nirenburg S, Somers HL, Wilks YA, editors. Readings in machine translation. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2003. [3] Nagao M. A framework of a mechanical translation between Japanese and English by analogy principle. In: Elithorn A, Banerji R, editors. In: Proceedings of the International NATO Symposium on Artificial and Human Intelligence. New York City: Elsevier North-Holland, Inc; 1984. p. 173‒80. [4] Brown PF, Cocke J, Della Pietra SA, Della Pietra VJ, Jelinek F, Lafferty JD, et al. A statistical approach to machine translation. Comput Linguist 1990;16(2):79‒85. [5] Brown PF, Della Pietra SA, Della Pietra VJ, Mercer RL. The mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation. Comput Linguist 1993;19(2):263‒311. [6] Church KW, Mercer RL. Introduction to the special issue on computational linguistics using large corpora. Comput Linguist 1993;19(1):1‒24. [7] Al-Onaizan Y, Curin J, Jahr M, Knight K, Lafferty J, Melamed D, et al. Statistical machine translation: final report. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Summer Workshop; 1999. [8] Och FJ, Ney H. A systematic comparison of various statistical alignment models. Comput Linguist 2003;29(1):19‒51. [9] Koehn P, Och FJ, Marcu D. Statistical phrase-based translation. In: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2003 May 27‒Jun 1; Edmonton, AB, Canada; 2003. [10] Koehn P, Hoang H, Birch A, Callison-Burch C, Federico M, Bertoldi N, et al. Moses: open source toolkit for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2007 Jun 25‒27; Prague, Czech Republic; 2007. [11] Wang H. [Multi-strategy machine translation]. In: Cao YQ, Sun MS, editors. [Frontiers of Chinese information processing]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press; 2006. p. 45‒52. Chinese. [12] Koehn P, Hoang H. Factored translation models. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP‒CoNLL); 2007 Jun 25‒27; Prague, Czech Republic; 2007. [13] Chiang D. Hierarchical phrase-based translation. Comput Linguist 2007;33(2):201‒28. [14] Yamada K, Knight K. A syntax-based statistical translation model. In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2001 Jul 6‒11; Toulouse, France; 2001. [15] Galley M, Graehl J, Knight K, Marcu D, DeNeefe S, Wang W, et al. Scalable inference and training of context-rich syntactic translation models. In:Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2006 Jul 17‒21; Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2006. [16] Liu Y, Liu Q, Lin S. Tree-to-string alignment template for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2006 Jul 17‒21; Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2006. [17] Graehl J, Knight K, May J. Training tree transducers. In: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2004 May 2‒7; Boston, MA, USA; 2004. [18] Bahdanau D, Cho K, Bengio Y. Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations; 2015 May 7‒9; San Diego, USA; 2015. [19] Sutskever I, Vinyals O, Le QV. Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems; 2014 Dec 8‒13; Montreal, QC, Canada; 2014. [20] Dong D, Wu H, He W, Yu D, Wang H. Multi-task learning for multiple language translation. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing; 2015 Jul 26‒31; Beijing, China; 2015. [21] Pouliquen B. WIPO Translate: patent neural machine translation publicly available in 10 languages [presentation]. In: Machine TranslationXVI; 2017 Sep 18‒22; Nagoya, Japan; 2017. [22] Wu Y, Schuster M, Chen Z, Le QV, Norouzi M, Macherey W, et al. Google’s neural machine translation system: bridging the gap between human and machine translation. 2016. arXiv: 1609.08144. [23] Gehring J, Auli M, Grangier D, Yarats D, Dauphin YN. Convolutional sequence to sequence learning. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning; 2017 Aug 6‒11; Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2017. [24] Vaswani A, Shazeer N, Parmar N, Uszkoreit J, Jones L, Gomez AN, et al. Attention is all you need. In: Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2017); 2017 Dec 4‒9; Long Beach, CA, USA; 2017. [25] Gu J, Bradbury J, Xiong C, Li VOK, Socher R. Non-autoregressive neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations; 2018 Apr 30‒May 3; Vancouver, BC, Canada; 2018. [26] Wei B, Wang M, Zhou H, Lin J, Xie J, Sun X. Imitation learning for nonautoregressive neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2019 Jul 28‒Aug 2; Florence, Italy; 2019. [27] Lample G, Conneau A, Denoyer L, Ranzato M. Unsupervised machine translation using monolingual corpora only. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations; 2018 Apr 30‒May 3; Vancouver, BC, Canada; 2018. [28] Artetxe M, Labaka G, Agirre E. An effective approach to unsupervised machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2019 Jul 28‒Aug 2; Florence, Italy; 2019. [29] Song K, Tan X, Qin T, Lu J, Liu TY. Mass: masked sequence to sequence pretraining for language generation. In: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning; 2019 Jun 9‍‒‍15; Long Beach, CA, USA; 2019. [30] Kato Y. The future of voice-processing technology in the world of computers and communications. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92(22):10060‒3. [31] Tomita M, Tomabechi H, Saito H. SpeechTrans: an experimental real-time speech-to-speech translation. Lang Res 1990;26(4):663‒72. [32] Kitano H. Speech-to-speech translation: a massively parallel memory-based approach. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1994. [33] Waibel A, Jain AN, McNair AE, Saito H, Hauptmann AG, Tebelskis J. JANUS: a speech-to-speech translation using connectionist and symbolic processing strategies. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing; 1991 Apr 14‒17; Toronto, ON, Canada; 1991. [34] Morimoto T, Takezawa T, Yato F, Sagayama S, Tashiro T, Nagata M, et al. ATR’s speech translation system: ASURA. In: Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology; 1993 Sep 22‍‒‍25; Berlin, Germany; 1993. [35] Roe DB, Pereira FCN, Sproat RW, Riley MD, Moreno PJ, Macarron A. Efficient grammar processing for a spoken language translation system. In: Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing; 1992 Mar 23‒26; San Francisco, CA, USA; 1992. [36] Sumita E, Shimizu T, Nakamura S. NICT-ATR speech-to-speech translation system. In: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2007 Jun 25‒27; Prague, Czech Republic; 2007. [37] Fügen C, Kolss M, Paulik M, Stüker S, Schultz T, Waibel A. Open domain speech translation: from seminars and speeches to lectures. In: Proceedings of TC-STAR Workshop on Speech-to-Speech Translation; 2006 Jun 19‍‒‍21; Barcelona, Spain; 2006. [38] Moser-Mercer B, Künzli A, Korac M. Prolonged turns in interpreting: effects on quality, physiological and psychological stress (pilot study). Interpreting 1998;3(1):47‒64. [39] Wang H, Wu H, Hu X, Liu Z, Li J, Ren D, et al. The TCH machine translation system for IWSLT 2008. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation; 2008 Oct 20‒21; Honolulu, HI, USA; 2008. [40] Nakamura S, Markov K, Nakaiwa H, Kikui G, Kawai H, Jitsuhiro T, et al. The ATR multilingual speech-to-speech translation system. IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 2006;14(2):365‒76. [41] He H, Boyd-Graber J, Daume H III. Interpretese vs. translationese: the uniqueness of human strategies in simultaneous interpretation. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies; 2016 Jun 12‒17; San Diego, CA, USA; 2016. [42] Wang H, Gao W, Li S. Utterance segmentation of spoken Chinese. Chin J Comput 1999;22(10):1009‒13. Chinese. [43] Ma M, Huang L, Xiong H, Zheng R, Liu K, Zhang B, et al. STACL: simultaneous translation with implicit anticipation and controllable latency using prefixto- prefix framework. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2019 Jul 28‒Aug 2; Florence, Italy;2019. [44] Zhang JJ, Zong CQ. Neural machine translation: challenges, progress and future. Sci China Technol Sci 2020;63(10):2028‒50. [45] Edunov S, Ott M, Auli M, Grangier D. Understanding back-translation at scale. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing; 2018 Oct 31‒Nov 4; Brussels, Belgium; 2018. [46] Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J. Long short-term memory. Neural Comput 1997;9(8):1735‒80. [47] Bengio Y, Simard P, Frasconi P. Learning long-term dependencies with gradient descent is difficult. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 1994;5(2):157‒66. [48] He W, He Z, Wu H, Wang H. Improved neural machine translation with SMT features. In: Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2016 Feb 12‒17; Phoenix, AZ, USA; 2016. [49] Tu Z, Lu Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Li H. Modeling coverage for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2016 Aug 7‒12; Berlin, Germany; 2016. [50] Cheng Y, Shen S, He Z, He W, Wu H, Sun M, et al. Agreement-based joint training for bidirectional attention-based neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2016 Jul 9‒15; New York City, NY, USA; 2016. [51] Sennrich R, Haddow B. Linguistic input features improve neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation; 2016 Aug 11‒12; Berlin, Germany; 2016. [52] Wu S, Zhou M, Zhang D. Improved neural machine translation with source syntax. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2017 Aug 19‒25; Melbourne, VIC, Australia; 2017. [53] Li J, Xiong D, Tu Z, Zhu M, Zhang M, Zhou G. Modeling source syntax for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2017 Jul 30‒Aug 4; Vancouver, CB,Canada; 2017. [54] Feng Y, Zhang S, Zhang A, Wang D, Abel A. Memory-augmented neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing; 2017 Sep 7‍‒‍11; Copenhagen, Denmark; 2017. [55] Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zong C. Phrase table as recommendation memory for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2018 Jul 13‍‒‍19; Stockholm, Sweden; 2018. [56] Wang X, Lu Z, Tu Z, Li H, Xiong D, Zhang M. Neural machine translation advised by statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2017 Feb 4‒9; San Francisco, CA, USA; 2017. [57] Sennrich R, Haddow B, Birch A. Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units. In: Proceedings of Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2016 Aug 7‒12; Berlin, Germany; 2016. [58] Gage P. A new algorithm for data compression. C Users J 1994;12(2):23‒38. [59] Devlin J, Chang MW, Lee K, Toutanova K. BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of 17th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies; 2019 Jun 2‍‒‍7; Minnesota, MN, USA; 2019. [60] Sun Y, Wang S, Li Y, Feng S, Tian H, Wu H, et al. ERNIE 2.0: a continual pretraining framework for language understanding. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2020 Feb 7‍‒‍12; New York City, NY, USA; 2020. [61] Zhou C, Neubig G, Gu J. Understanding knowledge distillation in nonautoregressive machine translation. 2019. arXiv:1911.02727. [62] Guo J, Tan X, Xu L, Qin T, Chen E, Liu TY. Fine-tuning by curriculum learning for non-autoregressive neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2020 Feb 7‍‒‍12; New York City, NY, USA; 2020. [63] Koehn P, Knowles R. Six challenges for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Neural Machine Translation; 2017 Aug 4; Vancouver, CB, Canada; 2017. [64] Sennrich R, Haddow B, Birch A. Improving neural machine translation models with monolingual data. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2016 Aug 7‒12; Berlin, Germany; 2016. [65] Poncelas A, Shterionov D, Way A, Wenniger GMDB, Passban P. Investigating backtranslation in neural machine translation. 2018. arXiv:1804.06189. [66] Lample G, Conneau A, Denoyer L, Ranzato M. Unsupervised machine translation using monolingual corpora only. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations; 2018 Apr 30‒May 3;Vancouver, BC, Canada; 2018. [67] Artetxe M, Labaka G, Agirre E. An effective approach to unsupervised machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2019 Jul 28‒Aug 2; Florence, Italy; 2019. [68] Conneau A, Lample G. Cross-lingual language model pretraining. In:Proceedings of the 33rd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems; 2019 Dec 8‒14; Vancouver, BC, Canada; 2019. [69] Ren S, Wu Y, Liu S, Zhou M, Ma S. Explicit cross-lingual pre-training for unsupervised machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing; 2019 Nov 3‒7; Hong Kong, China; 2019. [70] Wang H, Wu H, Liu Z. Word alignment for languages with scarce resources using bilingual corpora of other language pairs. In: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions; 2006 Jul 17‍‒‍21; Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2006. [71] Utiyama M, Isahara H. A comparison of pivot methods for phrase-based statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics; 2007 Apr 22‒27; Rochester, NY, USA; 2007. [72] Khalilov M, Costa-Jussà MR, Henríquez CA, Fonollosa JAR, Hernández A, Mariño JB, et al. The TALP & I2R SMT systems for IWSLT 2008. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation; 2008 Oct 20‒21; Honolulu, HI, USA; 2008. [73] Wu H, Wang H. Pivot language approach for phrase-based statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2007 Jun 25‒27; Prague, Czech Republic; 2007. [74] Wu H, Wang H. Revisiting pivot language approach for machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language; 2009 Aug 2‒7; Singapore; 2009. [75] Cohn T, Lapata M. Machine translation by triangulation: making effective use of multi-parallel corpora. In: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2007 Jun 25‍‒‍27; Prague, Czech Republic; 2007. [76] Luong MT, Le QV, Sutskever I, Vinyals O, Kaiser L. Multi-task sequence to sequence learning. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations; 2016 May 2‒4; San Juan, Puerto Rico; 2016. [77] Zoph B , Knight K . Multi-source neural translation . In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for . . 10.28920dhm50.1.24-27 [78] Firat O, Cho K, Bengio Y. Multi-way, multilingual neural machine translation with a shared attention mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies; 2016 Jun 12‍‒‍17; San Diego, CA, USA; 2016. [79] Johnson M, Schuster M, Le QV, Krikun M, Wu Y, Chen Z, et al. Google’s multilingual neural machine translation system: enabling zero-shot translation. Trans Assoc Comput Linguist 2017;5:339‒51. [80] Kudugunta S, Bapna A, Caswell I, Firat O. Investigating multilingual NMT representations at scale. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing; 2019 Nov 3‍‒‍7; Hong Kong, China; 2019. [81] Tan X, Chen J, He D, Xia Y, Qin T, Liu TY. Multilingual neural machine translation with language clustering. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing; 2019 Nov 3‒7; Hong Kong, China; 2019. [82] Arivazhagan N, Bapna A, Firat O, Lepikhin D, Johnson M, Krikun M, et al. Massively multilingual neural machine translation in the wild: findings and challenges. 2019. arXiv:1907.05019. [83] Fan A, Bhosale S, Schwenk H, Ma Z, El-Kishky A, Goyal S, et al. Beyond Englishcentric multilingual machine translation. 2020. arXiv:2010.11125. [84] Dalvi F, Durrani N, Sajjad H, Vogel S. Incremental decoding and training methods for simultaneous translation in neural machine translation. 2018. arXiv:1806.03661. [85] Sridhar VKR, Chen J, Bangalore S, Ljolje A, Chengalvarayan R. Segmentation strategies for streaming speech translation. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies; 2013 Jun 9‍‒‍14; Atlanta,GA; USA; 2013. [86] Oda Y, Neubig G, Sakti S, Toda T, Nakamura S. Optimizing segmentation strategies for simultaneous speech translation. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2014 Jun 23‒25; Baltimore, MD, USA; 2014. [87] Cho K, Esipova M. Can neural machine translation do simultaneous translation? 2016. arXiv:1606.02012. [88] Gu J, Neubig G, Cho K, Li VOK. Learning to translate in real-time with neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2017 Apr 3‍‒‍7; Valencia, Spain; 2017. [89] Fujita T, Neubig G, Sakti S, Toda T, SimpleNakamura S., lexicalized choice of translation timing for simultaneous speech translation. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association; 2013 Aug 25‒29; Lyon, France; 2013. [90] Arivazhagan N, Cherry C, Macherey W, Chiu CC, Yavuz S, Pang R, et al. Monotonic infinite lookback attention for simultaneous machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2019 Jul 28‒Aug 2; Florence, Italy; 2019. [91] Ma X, Pino J, Cross J, Puzon L, Gu J. Monotonic multihead attention. In:Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations; 2020 Apr 26‒May 1; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2020. [92] Zhang R, Zhang C, He Z, Wu H, Wang H. Learning adaptive segmentation policy for simultaneous translation. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing; 2020 Nov 16‒20; online; 2020. [93] Baumann T. Partial representations improve the prosody of incremental speech synthesis. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association; 2014 Sep 14‒18;Singapore; 2014. [94] Baumann T. Decision tree usage for incremental parametric speech synthesis. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing; 2014 May 4‒9; Florence, Italy; 2014. [95] Pouget M, Hueber T, Bailly G, Baumann T. HMM training strategy for incremental speech synthesis. In: Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association; 2015 Sep 6‒10; Dresden, Germany; 2015. [96] Pouget M, Nahorna O, Hueber T, Bailly G. Adaptive latency for part-of-speech tagging in incremental text-to-speech synthesis. In: Proceedings of Inter- Speech 2016; 2016 Sep 8‒12; San Francisco, CA, USA; 2016. [97] Yanagita T, Sakti S, Nakamura S. Incremental TTS for Japanese language. In:Proceedings of Interspeech; 2018 Sep 2‒6; Hyderabad, India; 2018. [98] Yanagita T, Sakti S, Nakamura S. Neural iTTS: toward synthesizing speech in real-time with end-to-end neural text-to-speech framework. In: Proceedings of the 10th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop; 2019 Sep 20‒22; Vienna, Austria; 2019. [99] Ma M, Zheng B, Liu K, Zheng R, Liu H, Peng K, et al. Incremental textto- speech synthesis with prefix-to-prefix framework. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020; 2020 Nov 16‍‒‍20; online; 2020. [100] Shimizu H, Neubig G, Sakti S, Toda T, Nakamura S. Collection of a simultaneous translation corpus for comparative analysis. In: Proceedings of Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation; 2014 May 26‒31; Reykjavik, Iceland; 2014. [101] Toyama H, Ryu K, Matsubara S, Kawaguchi, Nobuo K, Inagaki Y. CIAIR simultaneous interpretation corpus. In: Proceedings of Oriental COCOSDA; 2004 Nov 17‒19; New Delhi, India; 2004. [102] Sandrelli A, Bendazzoli C. Tagging a corpus of interpreted speeches: the European parliament interpreting corpus (EPIC). In: Proceedings of LREC; 2006 May 22‒28; Genoa, Italy; 2004. [103] Di Gangi MA, Cattoni R, Bentivogli L, Negri M, Turchi M. MuST-C: a multilingual speech translation corpus. In: Proceedings of 17th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies; 2019 Jun 2‍‒‍7; Minnesota, MN, USA; 2019. [104] Xiong H, Zhang R, Zhang C, He Z, Wu H, Wang H. DuTongChuan: context‒aware translation model for simultaneous interpreting. 2019. arXiv:1907. 12984. [105] Bansal S, Kamper H, Livescu K, Lopez A, Goldwater S. Pre-training on highresource speech recognition improves low-resource speech-to-text translation. In: Proceedings of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2018 Jun 1‒6; New Orleans, LA, USA; 2018. [106] Weiss RJ, Chorowski J, Jaitly N, Wu Y, Chen Z. Sequence-to-sequence models can directly translate foreign speech. In: Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association; 2017 Aug 20‒24; Stockholm, Sweden; 2017. [107] Anastasopoulos A, Chiang D. Leveraging translations for speech transcription in low-resource settings. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association; 2018 Sep 2‍‒‍6;Hyderabad, India; 2018. [108] Bérard A, Pietquin O, Servan C, Besacier L, Servan C. Listen and translate: a proof of concept for end-to-end speech-to-text translation. In: Proceedings of the 30th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems; 2016 Dec 5‒10; Barcelona, Spain; 2016. [109] Liu Y, Xiong H, Zhang J, He Z, Wu H, Wang H, et al. End-to-end speech translation with knowledge distillation. In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association; 2019 Sep 15‒19; Graz, Austria; 2019. [110] Kano T, Sakti S, Nakamura S. Structured based curriculum learning for end to-end English‍‒‍Japanese speech translation. In: Proceedings of the 18th Annul Conference of the International Speech Communication Association;2017 Aug 20‒24; Stockholm, Sweden; 2017. [111] Anastasopoulos A, Chiang D. Tied multitask learning for neural speech translation. In: Proceedings of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies; 2018 Jun 1‒6; New Orleans, Louisiana; 2018. [112] Sperber M, Neubig G, Niehues J, Waibel A. Attention-passing models for robust and data-efficient end-to-end speech translation. Transl Assoc Comput Linguist 2019;7:313‒25. [113] Liu Y, Zhang J, Xiong H, Zhou L, He Z, Wu H, et al. Synchronous speech recognition and speech-to-text translation with interactive decoding. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 2020 Feb 7‒12; New York City, NY, USA; 2020. [114] Jia Y, Weiss RJ, Biadsy F, Macherey W, Johnson M, Chen Z, et al. Direct speech-to-speech translation with a sequence-to-sequence model. In:Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2019); 2019 Sep 15‍‒‍19; Graz,Austria; 2019. [115] Kano T, Sakti S, Nakamura S. Transformer-based direct speech-to-speech translation with transcoder. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop; 2021 Jan 19‒22; Shenzhen, China; 2021. [116] Vinyals O, Toshev A, Bengio S, Erhan D. Show and tell: a neural image caption generator. In: Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2015 Jun 8‒10; Boston, MA, USA; 2015. [117] Lu J, Xiong C, Parikh D, Socher R. Knowing when to look: adaptive attention via a visual sentinel for image captioning. In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2017 Jul 21‒26; Honolulu, HI, USA; 2017. [118] Anderson P, He X, Buehler C, Teney D, Johnson M, Gould S, et al. Bottom‒up and top‒down attention for image captioning and visual question answering. In: Proceedings of 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; 2018 Jun 18‒23; Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 2018. [119] Xu Y, Li M, Cui L, Huang S, Wei F, Zhou M. LayoutLM: pre-training of text and layout for document image understanding. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Minning; 2020 Aug 23‒27; online; 2020. [120] Wang Z, He W, Wu H, Wu H, Li W, Wang H, et al. Chinese poetry generation with planning based neural network. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics; 2016 Dec 11‒16; Osaka, Japan;2016. [121] Papineni K, Roukos S, Ward T, Zhu WJ. BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2002 Jul 7‒12;Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2002. [122] Tomás J, Mas JÀ, Casacuberta F. A quantitative method for machine translation evaluation. In: Proceedings of the EACL 2003 Workshop on Evaluation Initiatives in Natural Language Processing: are evaluation methods, metrics and resources reusable? 2003 Apr 12‒17; Budapest, Hungary; 2003. [123] Banerjee S, Lavie A. METEOR: an automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments. In: Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization; 2005 Jun 29; Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 2005. [124] Tsiartas A, Georgiou PG, Narayanan SS. Toward transfer of acoustic cues of emphasis across languages. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association; 2013 Aug 25‍‒‍29;Lyon, France; 2013. [125] Do QT, Sakti S, Nakamura S. Sequence-to-sequence models for emphasis speech translation. IEEE/ACM Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 2018;26(10):1873‒83. [126] Do QT, Toda T, Neubig G, Sakti S, Nakamura S. Preserving word-level emphasis in speech-to-speech translation. IEEE/ACM Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 2017;25(3):544‒56. 基金资助 () AI Summary 中 Eng × 说明：请注意，以下内容是人工智能生成的。本网站不对与使用此内容相关的任何后果承担责任。 AI Summary AI Mindmap × Share on WeChat jQuery(function(){
                                    jQuery('#article-ewm').qrcode({ width: 200, height: 200, text: window.location.href });
                                }) PDF 
                                (1739KB) 专题 15893 访问 0 被引 详细 导航 相关文章 /* 禁止页面其他区域交互 */
    body.ai-modal-open {
        pointer-events: none;
        overflow: hidden;
    }

    /* 模态框区域允许交互 */
    .ai-modal-overlay, .ai-modal-overlay * {
        pointer-events: auto;
    }

    /* 遮罩层样式 */
    .ai-modal-overlay {
        display: none;
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
        z-index: 1000;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: flex-start; /* 顶部对齐 */
    }

    /* 模态框样式 */
    .ai-modal {
        background: white;
        border-radius: 8px;
        width: 85%;
        max-width: 1200px;
        height: 90%; /* 固定高度 */
        overflow-y: hidden;
        padding: 20px;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        position: relative;
        margin-top: 20px; /* 顶部间距 */
        transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
        opacity: 0;
        box-sizing: border-box; /* 确保padding不影响高度 */
    }
    .ai-modal-body {
        height: 100%;
    }

    /* 模态框打开时的样式 */
    .ai-modal-overlay.show {
        display: flex !important;
    }

    .ai-modal-overlay.show .ai-modal {
        opacity: 1;
    }

    /* 关闭按钮样式 */
    .ai-modal-close {
        position: absolute;
        top: 10px;
        right: 10px;
        background: none;
        border: none;
        font-size: 20px;
        cursor: pointer;
        color: #333;
    }

    /* Markmap容器样式 */
    #markmap {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%; /* 占满模态框高度 */
    }

    #markmap svg {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%; /* SVG高度自适应 */
    }
    .markmap {
        height: 100%;
    }

    .ai-modal-header {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #dee2e6;
        padding-bottom: 10px;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .ai-modal-title {
        font-size: 18px;
        margin: 0;
    }
    #AiMindMapBt {
        display: none;
        color: #fff !important;
    }
    #AiSummaryBt {
        display: inline-block;
        color: #fff !important;
    }
    .circle-border {
        background-color: #CCCCCC;
        border: 2px solid #fff;
        border-radius: 50%;
        padding: 3px 8px;
    } AI思维导图 × const mockData = {
        "code": 200,
        "summaryEn": `\\#\\#\\# Summary and Abstract\n\n**Research Background**\nThe inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in universities is a current hotspot in aesthetic education. This study focuses on exploring the significance, necessity, and practical modes and pathways of inheriting Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, aiming to enhance students' ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity, while also promoting their comprehensive development.\n\n**Research Methods**\nThe research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and practical exploration. Through literature review, case studies, and empirical research, the study investigates the current status and challenges of Chinese ethnic music culture inheritance in medical universities and proposes a "4+3+5" inheritance mode and pathway.\n\n**Experimental Design**\nThe "4+3+5" mode is based on "four combinations" (knowledge teaching and practical experience, intra-school and extra-school cooperation, cultural inheritance and innovation projects, aesthetic education and ideological education), supported by "three measures" (strengthening curriculum construction, optimizing resource integration, and ensuring conditions), and implemented through "five paths" (aesthetic education teaching, campus cultural activities, inter-school and international exchanges, social practice services, and college student innovation and entrepreneurship).\n\n**Results and Analysis**\nThe implementation of the "4+3+5" mode in Sichuan University has achieved significant results. It has effectively promoted the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture among medical students, enhanced their aesthetic abilities and cultural qualities, and cultivated their teamwork and innovative spirits. The study also finds that music has a positive auxiliary effect on medical treatment, which can help improve patients' physical and mental health.\n\n**Overall Conclusion**\nThe inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities is of great significance. The "4+3+5" mode proposed in this study provides an effective pathway for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, which helps to enhance students' comprehensive qualities and promote their all-round development.\n\n**Paper Review**\nThis paper systematically explores the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, with clear research ideas and practical research methods. The proposed "4+3+5" mode is innovative and operable, providing valuable references for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in universities.\n\n**Ten Questions and Answers**\n\n1. **Q: What is the main research content of this paper?**  \n   A: This paper mainly studies the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, aiming to explore effective ways to promote the inheritance and development of Chinese ethnic music culture among medical students.\n\n2. **Q: Why is it necessary to inherit Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities?**  \n   A: Inheriting Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities can enhance students' ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity, promote their comprehensive development, and also help them better serve the national medical cause by utilizing the auxiliary medical effects of music.\n\n3. **Q: What is the "4+3+5" mode proposed in this paper?**  \n   A: The "4+3+5" mode refers to an inheritance mode and pathway based on "four combinations," supported by "three measures," and implemented through "five paths." It aims to comprehensively promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities.\n\n4. **Q: How does the "4+3+5" mode promote the inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture?**  \n   A: By integrating knowledge teaching with practical experience, intra-school and extra-school cooperation, cultural inheritance with innovation projects, and aesthetic education with ideological education, the "4+3+5" mode creates a dynamic and cooperative educational environment that effectively promotes the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.\n\n5. **Q: What are the "three measures" in the "4+3+5" mode?**  \n   A: The "three measures" refer to strengthening curriculum construction and aesthetic activity innovation, optimizing the integration of aesthetic education and ethnic music cultural resources, and ensuring conditions for aesthetic education and cultural inheritance work, such as strengthening teacher training, improving facilities, and enhancing campus cultural environment.\n\n6. **Q: How does the "five paths" approach implement the inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture?**  \n   A: The "five paths" include aesthetic education teaching, campus cultural activities, inter-school and international exchanges, social practice services, and college student innovation and entrepreneurship. These paths provide diverse platforms and opportunities for students to learn, experience, and innovate Chinese ethnic music culture.\n\n7. **Q: What are the benefits of implementing the "4+3+5" mode in medical universities?**  \n   A: Implementing the "4+3+5" mode can enhance students' aesthetic abilities and cultural qualities, cultivate their teamwork and innovative spirits, and promote their comprehensive development. It also helps to improve the quality of medical services by utilizing the auxiliary medical effects of music.\n\n8. **Q: How does this paper contribute to the field of aesthetic education in medical universities?**  \n   A: This paper provides a comprehensive and innovative framework for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, enriching the theoretical and practical research in the field of aesthetic education and offering valuable references for other universities.\n\n9. **Q: What are the limitations of this study?**  \n   A: This study mainly focuses on the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, with limited exploration of other aspects such as the specific effects of music therapy in medical practice. Future research can further explore these aspects.\n\n10. **Q: How can the "4+3+5" mode be promoted and applied in other universities?**  \n    A: The "4+3+5" mode can be promoted and applied in other universities by sharing successful cases, conducting academic exchanges, and providing training and guidance. Universities can also combine their own characteristics and resources to adapt and innovate the mode to better serve their educational goals.\n\n**Key Points Extraction**\n- The inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities is necessary and significant.\n- The "4+3+5" mode provides an effective pathway for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.\n- The implementation of the "4+3+5" mode can enhance students' comprehensive qualities and promote their all-round development.\n- The auxiliary medical effects of music should be further explored and applied in medical practice.\n- Universities should strengthen cooperation and exchanges to promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.`,
        "summaryCn": '\\# 总结摘要\n\n\\#\\# 研究背景\n\n中国民族音乐文化作为中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，其传承与发展在当今社会具有重要意义。特别是在医科大学美育教育中，传承中国民族音乐文化不仅能够增强大学生的民族意识、民族自信和民族认同感，还能发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力，提高大学生的综合素质，促进全面发展。因此，本研究旨在探索中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式与路径。\n\n\\#\\# 研究方法\n\n本研究采用文献综述、实证研究、案例分析等方法，结合四川大学美育教育的实践经验，对中国民族音乐文化的传承模式与路径进行深入探讨。\n\n\\#\\# 实验设计\n\n研究通过构建“4+3+5”传承模式与路径，即以“四个结合”为基础、“三项措施”为保障、“五条路径”为抓手，来实施中国民族音乐文化传承教育。具体实验设计包括加强第一课堂与第二课堂的融合、建立校地合作平台、依托大学生创新创业项目等。\n\n\\#\\# 结果与分析\n\n研究结果显示，“4+3+5”传承模式与路径在医科大学美育教育中取得了显著成效。通过知识讲授与实践体验相结合、校内与校外结合、文化传承与“双创”项目结合、审美教育与思政教育结合，有效提升了学生对中国民族音乐文化的认知度和兴趣。同时，加强课程建设与美育活动创新、优化整合美育教育与民族音乐文化资源、加大美育教育与民族文化传承工作的条件保障等措施，为传承活动提供了有力支持。五条路径的实施更是将中国民族音乐文化传承贯穿于课堂教学、课外活动、文化氛围、网络空间等多个维度，实现了全方位、多层次的传承。\n\n\\#\\# 总体结论\n\n中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式和路径探索具有可行性和有效性。通过“4+3+5”传承模式与路径的实施，不仅能够提升学生的综合素质和审美能力，还能促进中国民族音乐文化的传承与发展。未来，应进一步锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长和个性化需求相结合等问题，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 论文点评\n\n该论文选题新颖，具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究方法科学合理，实验设计严谨可行。结果分析深入透彻，总体结论具有说服力。论文结构清晰，逻辑严密，语言流畅。然而，论文在探讨具体传承措施和路径时，可进一步细化操作细节和案例分析，以增强研究的实用性和可操作性。\n\n\\#\\# 论文十问\n\n问题1. **中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承有何重要意义？**\n答案：传承中国民族音乐文化能够增强医学生的民族意识、民族自信和民族认同感，提升综合素质，同时发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力，促进医患沟通理解和情感交流。\n\n问题2. **“4+3+5”传承模式与路径具体包括哪些内容？**\n答案：“4+3+5”传承模式与路径包括“四个结合”（知识讲授与实践体验、校内与校外、文化传承与“双创”项目、审美教育与思政教育）、“三项措施”（加强课程建设与美育活动创新、优化整合资源、加大条件保障）和“五条路径”（美育教育教学、校园文化活动、校际国际交流、社会实践服务、大学生创新创业）。\n\n问题3. **如何加强第一课堂与第二课堂的融合？**\n答案：通过理论教学指导学生参与中国民族音乐文化的传承、保护与创新创作活动，在实践活动中融入理论知识，实现第一课堂与第二课堂的有机融合。\n\n问题4. **校地合作平台在传承中扮演什么角色？**\n答案：校地合作平台为学生开辟社会实践学习通道和演出通道，引导学生个体、学校群体、社会整体的相互联动，积极整合吸引各种社会资源和教育资源。\n\n问题5. **如何依托大学生创新创业项目促进民族音乐治疗科研创新？**\n答案：以大学生创新创业项目为依托，加强中国民族音乐治疗科研创新，促进科研成果转化，培养学生创新创造能力。\n\n问题6. **美育课程建设在传承中起到什么作用？**\n答案：美育课程建设是传承的基础，通过开设中华文化美育必修课程、美育类模块课程等，落实美育课程开设刚性要求，提升学生审美素养。\n\n问题7. **如何优化整合美育教育和文化传承资源？**\n答案：加强与民族大学、民族艺术团、民族博物馆等的工作联系与沟通，邀请高水平老师参加学生艺术团建设和指导，办好各类音乐活动。\n\n问题8. **社会实践服务在传承中有哪些具体形式？**\n答案：社会实践服务包括“大川文艺轻骑兵”服务进社区、中小学、医院、农村等活动，实现人才培养与服务地方的双向联动。\n\n问题9. **如何鼓励大学生创新创业团队参与传承研究工作？**\n答案：鼓励学生组建科研兴趣小组和团队，参与地方非物质文化遗产的传承研究工作，参加各类创新创业比赛和社会实践。\n\n问题10. **论文对未来传承模式与路径的探索有何建议？**\n答案：论文建议未来应锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长和个性化需求相结合等问题，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 要点提炼\n\n- **研究背景**：强调中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的重要性。\n- **研究方法**：采用文献综述、实证研究、案例分析等方法。\n- **实验设计**：构建“4+3+5”传承模式与路径。\n- **结果与分析**：传承模式与路径取得显著成效，提升学生认知度和兴趣。\n- **总体结论**：传承模式和路径具有可行性和有效性，需进一步创新优化。\n- **论文点评**：选题新颖，方法科学，结论有说服力，但可进一步细化操作细节。\n- **论文十问**：涵盖传承意义、模式内容、具体措施、资源整合、科研创新等方面。\n- **要点提炼**：总结研究背景、方法、实验设计、结果、结论及未来建议。',
        "mindMapEn": `\\# Inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in aesthetic education of medical universities\n\n\\#\\# Abstract\n- **[Keywords]**\n  - Chinese ethnic music culture; heritage; medical university; aesthetic education; inheritance mode; pathway\n\n\\#\\# Introduction\n- **[Significance and Necessity]**\n  - Enhancing ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity\n  - Medical auxiliary effects of folk music\n  - Preserving and disseminating ethnic music and culture\n  - Improving comprehensive quality and promoting all-round development\n\n\\#\\# Section 1: Significance & Necessity of Inheriting Chinese Ethnic Music in Medical Universities\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.1 Promoting Chinese Aesthetic Education Spirit\n- **[Enhancing Cultural Awareness and Innovation]**\n  - Ministry of Education's emphasis on cultural inheritance\n- **[Implementing Aesthetic Education]**\n  - Infusing aesthetics into all aspects of education\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.2 Medical Auxiliary Efficacy of Ethnic Music\n- **[Research on Music Therapy]**\n  - Regulation of respiration, heart rate, blood flow\n- **[Traditional and Modern Practices]**\n  - "Five Tones Therapy" in ancient China\n  - Modern applications in clinical settings\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.3 Synergistic Development of Aesthetic Education and Ethnic Music Inheritance\n- **[Educational Function of Music]**\n  - Inspiring learning enthusiasm and creative spirit\n- **[Protecting and Inheriting Ethnic Music]**\n  - Preservation in museums and educational institutions\n\n\\#\\# Section 2: Inheritance Mode and Pathway of Chinese Ethnic Music Culture\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.1 Four Combinations in Inheritance Education\n- **[Knowledge Teaching and Practical Experience]**\n  - Integration of first and second classrooms\n- **[Intra- and Extra-Campus Collaboration]**\n  - Establishing cooperation platforms\n- **[Cultural Inheritance and Innovation Projects]**\n  - Integrating innovation into ethnic music therapy\n- **[Aesthetic and Ideological Education]**\n  - Combining aesthetics with moral education\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.2 Three Measures for Inheritance Education\n- **[Reforming Aesthetic Education]**\n  - Focusing on aesthetics, humanity, and innovation\n- **[Curriculum and Activity Innovation]**\n  - Enhancing curriculum construction and artistic practices\n- **[Resource Optimization and Conditional Support]**\n  - Strengthening faculty, facilities, and cultural environment\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.3 Five Paths in the Inheritance Process\n- **[Aesthetic Education Teaching]**\n  - Incorporating ethnic music into curriculum and lectures\n- **[Campus Cultural Activities]**\n  - Organizing performances and workshops\n- **[Inter-School and International Exchanges]**\n  - Promoting cultural exchange through concerts and salons\n- **[Social Practice Services]**\n  - Volunteering and community engagement\n- **[Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship]**\n  - Encouraging research and entrepreneurship in ethnic music\n\n\\#\\# Conclusion\n- **[Continuous Innovation and Development]**\n  - Addressing challenges and integrating aesthetic education with medical education\n- **[Importance of Ethnic Music in Medical Education]**\n  - Highlighting the role of ethnic music in cultivating medical students' comprehensive qualities\n\n\\#\\# References\n- **[Citations]**\n  - List of references from official documents, research papers, and books`,
        "mindMapCn": '\\# 中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式与路径研究\n\n\\#\\# 摘要\n- **[研究背景]**：中国民族音乐文化的高校传承是美育教育的热点。\n- **[研究目的]**：在医科大学美育教育中传承中国民族音乐文化，提升大学生民族意识、民族自信等，并发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力。\n- **[研究成果]**：提出“4+3+5”传承模式与路径。\n\n\\#\\# 关键词\n- 中国民族音乐\n- 文化遗产\n- 医科大学\n- 美育教育\n- 传承模式\n- 路径\n\n\\#\\# 1. 在医科大学美育教育中开展中国民族音乐文化传承的意义与必要性\n\\#\\#\\# 1.1 弘扬中华美育精神\n- **[教育部重视]**：增强文化主体意识和文化创新意识。\n- **[美育浸润行动]**：弘扬中华美育精神，坚定文化自信。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.2 发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力\n- **[音乐治疗]**：特殊音乐刺激对调节人的生理、心理有辅助作用。\n- **[民族音乐治疗]**：我国提出“五音疗疾”，现代民族音乐治疗发展迅速。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.3 推进美育教育与中国民族音乐文化传承协同发展\n- **[育人功能]**：音乐教育激励学习热情和进取精神。\n- **[传承保护]**：高校教育作为动态保护、传承途径，具有优势。\n\n\\#\\# 2. 中国民族音乐文化的传承模式与路径\n\\#\\#\\# 2.1 传承教育中的“四个结合”\n- **[知识讲授与实践体验结合]**：第一课堂与第二课堂融合。\n- **[校内与校外结合]**：建立校地合作平台，开辟社会实践通道。\n- **[文化传承与“双创”项目结合]**：依托创新创业项目，促进科研成果转化。\n- **[审美教育与思政教育结合]**：协同并进，激发学生文化自信。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.2 传承教育中的“三项措施”\n- **[加强课程建设与美育活动创新]**：优化整合课堂教学、艺术实践、校园文化活动。\n- **[优化整合美育教育与民族音乐文化资源]**：加强与民族大学等沟通，邀请高水平老师指导。\n- **[加大美育教育与民族文化传承工作的条件保障]**：加强师资队伍建设、场地建设、校园文化环境建设。\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.3 传承过程中的“五条路径”\n- **[美育教育教学]**：将中国民族音乐教育素材融入教学，激发学习兴趣。\n- **[校园文化活动]**：开展高雅艺术进校园，举办各类民族特色活动。\n- **[校际国际交流]**：与国内外大学建立交流关系，举办国际交流音乐会。\n- **[社会实践服务]**：推进“大川文艺轻骑兵”服务，普及疾病与健康基础知识。\n- **[大学生创新创业]**：参与地方非物质文化遗产传承研究，注入音乐元素到医学研究中。\n\n\\#\\# 结论\n- **[持续发展]**：需锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长需求结合等问题。\n- **[优化组合]**：找到适合医科学生专业特点的艺术种类和学习方法，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 参考文献\n- **[参考文献列表]**：列出论文引用的所有文献。'
    };

    let obj = {};
    let defaultLang = '';
    let currentLang = 'CN';
    // 获取模态框和遮罩层元素
    const modalOverlay = document.getElementById('modalOverlay');

    // 打开模态框
    function openAiModal() {
        modalOverlay.classList.add('show');
        document.body.classList.add('ai-modal-open'); // 禁用页面其他区域交互
        document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';
    }

    // 关闭模态框
    function closeAiModal() {
        modalOverlay.classList.remove('show');
        document.body.classList.remove('ai-modal-open');
        document.body.style.overflow = '';
    }

    // 点击遮罩层关闭
    modalOverlay.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
        if (e.target === modalOverlay) {
            closeAiModal();
        }
    });

    // 按下ESC键关闭
    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
        if (e.key === 'Escape' && modalOverlay.classList.contains('show')) {
            closeAiModal();
        }
    });
    
    function updateMindMapButtonVisibility() {
        console.log('updateMindMapButtonVisibility');
        if (!obj.mindMapCn && !obj.mindMapEn) {
            $("#AiMindMapBt").css("display", "none");
        } else {
            $("#AiMindMapBt").css("display", "inline-block");
        }
    }
    
    function updateSummaryButtonVisibility() {
        console.log('updateSummaryButtonVisibility');
        if (!obj.summaryCn && !obj.summaryEn) {
            $("#AiSummaryBt").css("display", "none");
        } else {
            $("#AiSummaryBt").css("display", "inline-block");
        }
    }
    
    function showOutline(type) {
        const lang = type || defaultLang;
        if (lang == 'EN') {
            let changeCn = '';
            if (obj.mindMapCn) {
                changeCn = '<div style="text-align:right"><span class="circle-border" style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="showOutline(\'CN\')">中</span></div>';
            }
            const title = '<img src="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/static?fileId=3Yay9it6JiDq/eTmSTQCBQ==" style="width:30px;height:30px;"/> AI Mindmap<div style="margin-left:30px;color:#ccc;font-size:14px;">Kind reminder: The following content is automatically generated by AI and is for reference only. The website does not bear any commercial or legal responsibility for any consequences arising from the use of this content.</div>';
            const content = changeCn + "<div class=\"markmap\"><script type=\"text/template\">" + obj.mindMapEn + "</" + "script" + "></div>";
            $("#mindmapModalLabel").html(title);
            $("#markmap").html(content);
            renderMarkmap();
        } else {
            let changeEng = '';
            if (obj.mindMapEn) {
                changeEng = '<div style="text-align:right"><span class="circle-border" style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="showOutline(\'EN\')">Eng</span></div>';
            }
            const title = '<img src="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/static?fileId=3Yay9it6JiDq/eTmSTQCBQ==" style="width:30px;height:30px;"/> AI Mindmap<div style="margin-left:30px;color:#ccc;font-size:14px;">Kind reminder: The following content is automatically generated by AI and is for reference only. The website does not bear any commercial or legal responsibility for any consequences arising from the use of this content.</div>';
            const content = changeEng + "<div class=\"markmap\"><script type=\"text/template\">" + obj.mindMapCn + "</" + "script" + "></div>";
            $("#mindmapModalLabel").html(title);
            $("#markmap").html(content);
            renderMarkmap();
        }
    }

    function renderMarkmap() {
        if (markmap.autoLoader.renderAll == undefined) {
            setTimeout(function () {
                renderMarkmap();
            }, 100);
        } else {
            setTimeout(function () {
                markmap.autoLoader.renderAll();
            }, 200);
        }
    }

    function removeRootNodeAndPromote(markdown) {
        const lines = markdown.split('\n');
        let output = [];
        let inRootNode = true;

        for (let line of lines) {
            if (inRootNode && line.startsWith('# ') && !line.startsWith('##')) {
                inRootNode = false;
                continue;
            }
            if (line.trim() && !inRootNode) {
                if (line.startsWith('##')) {
                    const match = line.match(/^(#+)/);
                    if (match) {
                        const hashes = match[1];
                        if (hashes.length > 1) {
                            line = '#' + line.substring(hashes.length);
                        }
                    }
                }
                output.push(line);
            }
        }
        return output.join('\n');
    }
    
    let mindMapUrl = 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/article-ai/generate-mindmap?language=EN&articleId=1159865878068125930&journalId=1155139928190095384';

    // 异步获取 obj 数据
    function fetchMindmapData() {
    
        if (checkHepJournalPage()) {
            let cleanUrl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];
            let paperUrl = cleanUrl;
            // 满足条件时，打印完整的 URL
            console.log("匹配成功，当前 URL:", window.location.href);
            mindMapUrl = `https://ai.magtechjournal.com/api/hep/generate-mindmap?articleId=`+paperUrl;
            console.log('尝试连接SSE:', mindMapUrl);

            return $.ajax({
                url: mindMapUrl, // 请替换为实际接口地址
                method: 'GET',
                dataType: 'json',
                success: function (data) {
                    console.log('success', data);
                    if (data.code === 0 && data.data) {
                        obj = data.data;
                        // 处理 mindMapCn 和 mindMapEn，删除根节点并提升层级
                        if (obj.mindMapCn) {
                            obj.mindMapCn = removeRootNodeAndPromote(obj.mindMapCn);
                        }
                        if (obj.mindMapEn) {
                            obj.mindMapEn = removeRootNodeAndPromote(obj.mindMapEn);
                        }
                        console.log('接口数据获取成功:', obj);
                    } else {
                        console.error('接口返回错误:', data);
                    }
                    updateMindMapButtonVisibility();
                    updateSummaryButtonVisibility();
                },
                error: function (xhr, status, error) {
                    console.error('接口请求失败:', status, error);
                    $("#markmap").html('<p style="color:red;">无法加载数据，请稍后重试。</p>');
                }
            });
        }
    
        return $.ajax({
            url: mindMapUrl, // 请替换为实际接口地址
            method: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function (data) {
                console.log('success', data);
                if (data.code === 200 && data.data) {
                    obj = data.data;
                    // 处理 mindMapCn 和 mindMapEn，删除根节点并提升层级
                    if (obj.mindMapCn) {
                        obj.mindMapCn = removeRootNodeAndPromote(obj.mindMapCn);
                    }
                    if (obj.mindMapEn) {
                        obj.mindMapEn = removeRootNodeAndPromote(obj.mindMapEn);
                    }
                    console.log('接口数据获取成功:', obj);
                } else {
                    console.error('接口返回错误:', data);
                }
                updateMindMapButtonVisibility();
                updateSummaryButtonVisibility();
            },
            error: function (xhr, status, error) {
                console.error('接口请求失败:', status, error);
                $("#markmap").html('<p style="color:red;">无法加载数据，请稍后重试。</p>');
            }
        });
    }
    
    // ======== AI summary define
    
    // 跟踪请求状态，防止重复请求
    const requestStatus = {
        CN: false, // 中文请求是否正在进行
        EN: false  // 英文请求是否正在进行
    };
    
    // 存储中英文 buffer
    const buffers = {
        CN: '',
        EN: ''
    };
    
    function cleanText(text) {
        const cleanResult = extractSseResults(text);
        return cleanResult;
    }
    
    // 渲染 Markdown 内容
    function renderContent(lang, text) {
    
        const md = new remarkable.Remarkable({
            html: true,
            breaks: false, // 禁用单换行转<br>，保持Markdown段落
            typographer: true
        });
    
        try {
            const cleanedText = cleanText(text);
            const content = cleanedText ? md.render(cleanedText) : '<p>Loading ... </p>';
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(content);
        } catch (e) {
            const cleaned = cleanText(text);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                `<p>Loading ... </p>`
            );
        }
    }
    
    // 显示摘要对话框
    function showQuickread(lang) {
        console.log('showQuickread 调用，语言:', lang, '当前数据:', obj);
        $("#showArticle_quickread").show();
        $(".main_content_center_right").hide();
        if (lang === 'EN') {
            if (checkHepJournalPage()) {
                renderHepContent(lang, buffers['EN']);
            }else{
                renderContent(lang, buffers['EN']);
            }
            $("#showArticle_quickread_en").hide();
            $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").show();
        } else {
            // 检查 typeValue 是否存在且等于 'hep'
            if (checkHepJournalPage()) {
                renderHepContent(lang, buffers['CN']);
            }else{
                renderContent(lang, buffers['CN']);
            }
            $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").hide();
            $("#showArticle_quickread_en").show();
        }
        currentLang = lang;
    }
    
    
    // 渲染 Markdown 内容
    function renderHepContent(lang, text) {

        const md = new remarkable.Remarkable({
            html: true,
            breaks: false, // 禁用单换行转<br>，保持Markdown段落
            typographer: true
        });

        try {
            const cleanedText = extractHepSseResults(text);
            const content = cleanedText ? md.render(cleanedText) : '<p>Loading ... </p>';
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(content);
        } catch (e) {
            const cleaned = extractHepSseResults(text);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                `<p>Loading ... </p>`
            );
        }
    }
    
    // 关闭摘要对话框
    function closeQuickread() {
        $("#showArticle_quickread").hide();
        $(".main_content_center_right").show();
    }
    
    function extractSseResults(sseData) {
    // 确保 sseData 是字符串并按行分割
        const lines = typeof sseData === 'string' ? sseData.split('kkk') : [];
        // 提取 result 并拼接
        const resultList = [];
        for (const line of lines) {
            // 过滤空行（空字符串或仅包含空白字符的行）
            if (!line.trim()) {
                continue;
            }
            if (line.startsWith('{"errCode":0')) {
            
                try {
                    // 解析 JSON
                    const data = JSON.parse(line);
                    // 提取 raw.result，处理 raw 可能为 null 或 undefined 的情况
                    if (data.raw && data.raw.result) {
                        resultList.push(data.raw.result);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    console.error(`JSON 解析错误: ${e.message}`);
                }
            }
        }
        // 拼接 result 并返回
        return resultList.join('');
    }
    
    function extractHepSseResults(sseData) {
        // 确保 sseData 是字符串并按行分割
        const lines = typeof sseData === 'string' ? sseData.split('kkk') : [];
        // 提取 result 并拼接
        const resultList = [];
        for (const line of lines) {
            // 过滤空行（空字符串或仅包含空白字符的行）
            if (!line.trim()) {
                continue;
            }
            //{"chunk_id":6,"content":"---\n","status":"processing"}
            if (line.startsWith('{"chunk_id') || line.startsWith('{"chunkId') ) {

                try {
                    // 解析 JSON
                    const data = JSON.parse(line);
                    // 提取 raw.result，处理 raw 可能为 null 或 undefined 的情况
                    if (data.content) {
                        if(data.content.startsWith("```markdown")){
                            continue;
                        }
                        resultList.push(data.content);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    console.error(`JSON 解析错误: ${e.message}`);
                }
            }
        }
        // 拼接 result 并返回
        return resultList.join('');
    }
        
    let currentEventSource = null; // 跟踪当前EventSource实例    
    let cnEventSource = null;
    let enEventSource = null;
    // 使用 SSE 获取数据
    function fetchSummaryData(language = 'CN') {
        // 关闭现有EventSource连接
        if (currentEventSource) {
            console.log("======= fetch ",language);
            console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
            currentEventSource.close();
            currentEventSource = null;
        }
        
        
        if (checkHepJournalPage()) {
            let cleanUrl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];
            let paperUrl = cleanUrl;
            // 用于拼接 SSE 数据
            if(language === 'EN'){
                // 满足条件时，打印完整的 URL
                console.log("============333 type == hep 匹配成功，当前 URL:", window.location.href);
                const summaryUrl = 'https://ai.magtechjournal.com/api/hep/generate-summary-sse?articleId='+paperUrl+'&language=EN';
                console.log('尝试连接SSE:', summaryUrl);
                enEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                let buffer = '';
                enEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== 'Summary generation finished.') {
                        console.log(event.data);
                        //{"chunk_id":5,"content":"Extensive experiments \n","status":"processing"}
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';

                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('E,'+currentLang);
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }

                    }
                    if(event.data.includes('Summary generation finished')){
                        console.log('+++'+event.data);
                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        enEventSource.close();
                        enEventSource = null;
                        console.log("enEventSource complete complete complete");
                    }
                };
                enEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    console.log(err);
                    console.log("enEventSource error complete");
                    enEventSource.close();
                };
            } else {
                // 满足条件时，打印完整的 URL
                console.log("============333 type == hep 匹配成功，当前 URL:", window.location.href);
                const summaryUrl = 'https://ai.magtechjournal.com/api/hep/generate-summary-sse?articleId='+paperUrl+'&language=CN';
                console.log('尝试连接SSE:', summaryUrl);
                cnEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                let buffer = '';
                cnEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== 'Summary generation finished.') {
                        console.log(event.data);
                        //{"chunk_id":5,"content":"Extensive experiments \n","status":"processing"}
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';

                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('E,'+currentLang);
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }

                    }
                    if(event.data.includes('Summary generation finished')){
                        console.log('+++'+event.data);
                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        cnEventSource.close();
                        cnEventSource = null;
                        console.log("cnEventSource complete complete complete");
                    }
                };
                cnEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    console.log(err);
                    console.log("cnEventSource error complete");
                    cnEventSource.close();
                };
            }

        }else{
        
            const summaryUrl = `https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/article-ai/generate-summary-sse2?language=${language}&articleId=1159865878068125930&journalId=1155139928190095384`;
            console.log('尝试连接SSE:', summaryUrl);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                '<p><span class="loading-spinner"></span> Loading summary...</p>'
            );
        
             // 用于拼接 SSE 数据
            if(language === 'CN'){
                let buffer = '';
                cnEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                cnEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== '[DONE]') {
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';
                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('C,'+currentLang);
                        // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                    }
                    
                    if(event.data.includes('执行完成')){
                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        cnEventSource.close();
                        cnEventSource = null;
                    }
                };
                
                cnEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    cnEventSource.close();
                    setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('CN'), 1000);
                };
            }else{
                let buffer = '';
                enEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                enEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== '[DONE]') {
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';
                        
                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('E,'+currentLang);
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        
                    }
                    if(event.data.includes('执行完成')){
                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        enEventSource.close();
                        enEventSource = null;
                    }
                };
                
                enEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    enEventSource.close();
                    setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('EN'), 1000);
                };
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    function checkHepJournalPage() {
        const { search, href } = window.location;
        const typeValue = new URLSearchParams(search).get('type');

        return true;
      
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {
        console.log('DOM 已加载，初始化事件监听');
        defaultLang = window.location.href.includes('/EN/') ? 'EN' : 'CN';
        // 初始化时获取数据
        fetchMindmapData();

        $("#AiSummaryBt").off('click').click(function() {
            obj.summaryCn = ''; // 重置中文数据
            obj.summaryEn = ''; // 重置英文数据
            currentLang = defaultLang; // 默认显示中文
            showQuickread(defaultLang);
            fetchSummaryData(defaultLang);
        });
    
        $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").click(function() {
            showQuickread('CN');
            currentLang='CN';
            if (buffers['CN'].length < 300) {
                 // 关闭现有EventSource连接
                if (cnEventSource) {
                    console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
                    cnEventSource.close();
                    cnEventSource = null;
                }
                $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                    `<p>Loading ... </p>`
                );
               setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('CN'), 2000);

            }
        });
    
        $("#showArticle_quickread_en").click(function() {
            showQuickread('EN');
            if (buffers['EN'].length < 300) {
                // 关闭现有EventSource连接
                if (enEventSource) {
                    console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
                    enEventSource.close();
                    enEventSource = null;
                }
                $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                    `<p>Loading ... </p>`
                );
                setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('EN'), 2000);

            } 
        });
    }); / 〈 〉 //渲染文章表格内容
    function renderArticleTable() {
        var articleTableList = document.getElementById("articleTextTableList");
        var articleTableDivList = null;
        if(articleTableList) {
            articleTableDivList = articleTableList.querySelectorAll("div");
        }
        //console.log(">>>>"+JSON.stringify(articleTableDivList));
        if(articleTableDivList) {
            for(tab of articleTableDivList) {
                //alert(tab.id);
                var divList = document.getElementsByTagName("div");
                for(articleDiv of divList) {

                    if(articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") && articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") == tab.id) {
                        //alert("magIdxxx:"+articleDiv.getAttribute("magId"));
                        articleDiv.innerHTML = tab.innerHTML;
                        //alert(tab.innerHTML);
                    }
                }

            }

        }
        articleTableList.innerHTML = '';
    }

    //渲染文章fig内容
    function renderArticleFig() {
        var articleFigList = document.getElementById("articleTextFigList");
        var articleFigDivList = null;
        if(articleFigList) {
            articleFigDivList = articleFigList.querySelectorAll("div");
        }

        if(articleFigDivList) {
            for(tab of articleFigDivList) {
                //alert(tab.id);
                var divList = document.getElementsByTagName("div");
                for(articleDiv of divList) {
                    if(articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") && articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") == tab.id) {
                        //alert("magIdxxx:"+articleDiv.getAttribute("magId"));
                        articleDiv.innerHTML = tab.innerHTML;
                        //alert(tab.innerHTML);
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        articleFigList.innerHTML = '';
    }


    $(function(){
          //js开始执行，将为爬虫准备的div清掉
        $("#article_text_4_crawl").empty();
        $("#cankaowenxianshdj").empty();
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url:'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/collectionListByArticleId?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159865878068125930',
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                //zhuantidiv_p
                $.each(res.listData, function(index, lis) {
                    $.each(lis.exts, function(index1, sty) {
                        if(sty.language == 'CN'){
                            if(sty.collectionTitle != null && sty.collectionTitle != ''){
                                $('#zhuantidiv').show();
                                $('#zhuantidiv_p').html('<a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/collections/'+lis.id+'">'+sty.collectionTitle+'</a>');
                            }
                        }
                    });
                });
            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        var url = 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/text?articleId=1159865878068125930&language=CN';
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code==200 && res.data!=null && res.data.text!=null) {
                    $('#xiangqingyezhengwen').html(res.data.text);
                    //获取图片
                    if(res.data.figList!=null && res.data.figList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.figList, function(index, fig) {
                            var tupian ='';
                            var tielehtml ='';
                            var titleContenthtml ='';
                            var fullsize='';
                            var htmlzong ='';
                            var entitle=''
                            if(fig.figFile != null && fig.figFile != ''){
                                tupian = '<div class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap"><img src="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" data-original="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img" alt="" onclick="showimg(this)"></div>';
                                fullsize = '<a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" target="_blank">Full size  </a>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.zh.title != null && fig.figExtMap.zh.title != ''){
                                tielehtml = '<b>'+fig.figExtMap.zh.title+'</b>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.en.title != null && fig.figExtMap.en.title != ''){
                                entitle = '<div class="new_full_rich_table_title_cn" style="color:#666;"><b>'+fig.figExtMap.en.title+'</b></div>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent != null && fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent != ''){
                                titleContenthtml='<p class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming">'+fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent+'</p>';
                            }
                            var caozuo = '<p class="new_full_rich_table_shuoming_caozuo">'+fullsize+'</p>';
                            htmlzong= '<div class="mag_fig_div main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig" id="'+fig.magId+'">'+tupian+'<div class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming"><h5 class="cas_nav_daohang" style="width: 100%;text-align: center;font-size: 14px;float: none;">'+tielehtml+'</h5>'+entitle+titleContenthtml+'</div>'+caozuo+'</div>';
                            $('#articleTextFigList').append(htmlzong);

                        });
                    }
                    //获取表格
                    if(res.data.tabList!=null && res.data.tabList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.tabList, function(index, tab) {
                            var biaogetitle ='';
                            var tabsm='';
                            var tabhtml='';
                            var tablezong='';
                            var entitle = '';
                            if(tab.tableExtMap.zh.title != null){
                                biaogetitle='<h6 class="mag_nav_daohang cas_nav_daohang" style="font-size: 14px;width:100%;"><strong>'+tab.tableExtMap.zh.title+'</strong></h6>';
                            }
                            if(tab.tableExtMap.en.title != null){
                                entitle='<div class="new_full_rich_table_title_cn" style="text-align:center;"><b>'+tab.tableExtMap.en.title+'</b></div>';

                            }
                            if(tab.footFnList != null){
                                $.each(tab.footFnList, function(index2, foot) {
                                    tabsm='<div class="mag_table_wrap_foot_div new_full_rich_table_shuoming"><span class="biaocoin_shuoming_span">'+foot+'</span></div>';
                                });
                            }
                            if(tab.table != null){
                                tabhtml = '<div class="biaocoin_table">'+tab.table+'</div>';
                            }
                            tablezong = '<div id="'+tab.magId+'" class="mag_table_wrap new_full_rich_table" style="align: center;"><div class="biaocoin"><div class="biaocoin_shuoming nav_title" leave="2">'+biaogetitle+'</div>'+entitle+tabhtml+'</div>'+tabsm+'</div>';
                            $('#articleTextTableList').append(tablezong);
                        });
                    }
                    //获取参考文献
                    if(res.data.refList!=null && res.data.refList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.refList, function(index, refs) {
                            var suoyin = index+1;
                            var cankaowenxianhtml='';
                            var refhtml='';
                            $.each(refs.citationList, function(index1, ref) {
                                var biaoti ='';
                                var CrossrefADS='';
                                var Pubmed = '';
                                var arXiv1 = '';
                                if(ref.content != '' && ref.content != null){
                                    biaoti = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title">'+ref.content+'</p>';
                                }
                                if(ref.doi != null && ref.doi != ''){
                                    CrossrefADS = '<span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://doi.org/'+ref.doi+'">Crossref</a></span><span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/'+ref.doi+'">ADS</a></span><span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q='+ref.doi+'">Google scholar</a></span>';
                                }
                                if(ref.pmid != null){
                                    Pubmed='<span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/'+ref.pmid+'">Pubmed</a></span>'
                                }
                                if(ref.arXiv != null){
                                    arXiv1= '<a target="__blank" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/'+ref.arXiv+'">arXiv</a>';
                                }
                                refhtml = biaoti+'<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie">'+CrossrefADS+Pubmed+arXiv1+'</p>';
                            });
                            cankaowenxianhtml='<table class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab" id="mag_rich_ref_'+refs.id+'" order-1-num="'+index+'" order-2-num="'+refs.year+'" order-3-num="'+refs.citedCount+'"> <tbody><tr style="border-bottom:1px dashed #d9d9d9;"><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" width="7%">['+suoyin+']</td><td width="93%">'+refhtml+'</td></tr></tbody>';
                            $('#cankaowenxianshdj').append(cankaowenxianhtml)
                        });
                    }else{
                        $('.ckankaowenfdifn').remove()
                    }
                    if(res.data.ackList != '' && res.data.ackList != null){
                        $.each(res.data.ackList, function(index, akc) {
                            if(akc.ackExtMap.zh != null && akc.ackExtMap.zh != ''){
                                var html = '<div class="main_content_center_left_one_title zhengwem_title yijibiaotidkk"><h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>'+akc.ackExtMap.zh.title+'</b></h3></div><p class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_zhengwen nozuish">'+akc.content+'</p>';
                                $('#ackListdiv').append(html)
                            }
                            
                        });
                    }
                    renderArticleFig()
                    renderArticleTable()
                    
                    /** 全文中类似这样的src替换掉 **/
                    //<img src="{{jo4FileInfo.file::+CmHHN9W16Xsfgrk4x8Okg==}}" class="mag_rich_graphic mag_rich_inline_graphic"/>
                    $('img').filter('.mag_rich_graphic').each(function(index) {
                        var src = $(this).attr('src');
                        src = src.replace("{{","");
                        src = src.replace("}}","");
                        src = src.replace("jo4FileInfo.file::","");
                        $(this).attr('src','https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+src);
                
                    });
                    
                    window.setTimeout(function(){

                        var menu = $('#autoMenu').data('autoMenu');
                        if (menu) {
                            // 重新生成HTML
                            $('#autoMenu').html(menu.createHtml());
                            // 重新设置活动项和绑定事件
                            menu.setActive();
                            menu.bindEvent();
                            mag_mathJax()
                        } else {
                            // 如果插件未初始化，则初始化
                            $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
                            mag_mathJax()
                        }
                    },2000);
                    
                    
                }else{
                        $('.ckankaowenfdifn').remove()
                    }

            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        
             var keywordsStr = "";
                        keywordsStr+='Machine translation';
                            keywordsStr+=",";
                        keywordsStr+='Neural machine translation';
                            keywordsStr+=",";
                        keywordsStr+='Simultaneous translation';
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url: 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/recommendv2?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159865878068125930&keywordsStr='+keywordsStr,
            type:'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code!=200 || res.listData==null || res.listData.length<=0) {
                    return;
                }
                
                var index=0;
                for(var article of res.listData) {
                    if(article.id=='1159865878068125930') {
                        continue;
                    }
                    renderRecommendArticle(article,index);
                    index++;
                }
                
            }
            
            
        });
        
        
        
        /**
        $.ajax({
            url: 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/recommend?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159865878068125930',
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                $.each(res.data, function(index, atc) {
                    var authorhtml='';
                    var titlehtml = '';
                    var kanming = '';
                    var issnht  ='';
                    var doihtml='';
                    if(atc.authors != null && atc.authors != ''){
                        $.each(atc.authors, function(index1, author) {
                            var isLast = $(this).is(':last');
                            if(author.ext.CN.stringName != null && author.ext.CN.stringName != ''){
                                if(isLast){
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName;
                                }else{
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName+', ';
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.CN.title != null && atc.ext.CN.title != ''){
                        titlehtml='<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title"><a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/'+atc.doi+'" target="_blank">'+atc.ext.CN.title+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.CN.journalTitle != null && atc.ext.CN.journalTitle != ''){
                        kanming = '<i>'+atc.ext.CN.journalTitle+'</i>. ';
                    }
                    if(atc.issue != null && atc.issue != ''){
                        var yrar = '';
                        var volume = '';
                        var issue = '';
                        var pageStart = '';
                        var pageEnd = '';
                        if(atc.issue.year!=null && atc.issue.year!=''){
                            yrar = atc.issue.year +', ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.volume!=null && atc.issue.volume!=''){
                            volume = 'Vol.'+atc.issue.volume;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.issue!=null && atc.issue.issue!=''){
                            issue = '('+atc.issue.issue+'): ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageStart!=null && atc.issue.pageStart!=''){
                            pageStart =atc.issue.pageStart;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageEnd!=null && atc.issue.pageEnd!=''){
                            pageEnd ='-'+atc.issue.pageEnd;
                        }
                        issnht = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_nianjuanqi">'+kanming+yrar+volume+issue+pageStart+pageEnd+'</p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.doi != null && atc.doi != ''){
                        doihtml = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/'+atc.doi+'">https://doi.org/'+atc.doi+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    var shu = index+1;
                    var zong = '<tr><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" style="width:28px">['+shu+']</td><td>'+authorhtml+titlehtml+issnht+doihtml+'</td></tr>';
                    $('#ckwxcankaowenxian_td').append(zong);
                });
            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        **/
    })
    $('#gallery').imagesLoaded(function() {
        $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
    });





 //渲染recommend文章
    function renderRecommendArticle(article,index) {
        $.ajax({
            url:'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/articleInfo?language=CN,EN&articleId='+article.id+"&journalId="+article.journalId,
            type:'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success:function(res) {
                if(res.code!=200 || res.data==null) {
                    return;
                }
                    var atc = res.data;
                    var authorhtml='';
                    var titlehtml = '';
                    var kanming = '';
                    var issnht  ='';
                    var doihtml='';
                    if(atc.authors != null && atc.authors != ''){
                        $.each(res.data.authors, function(index1, author) {
                            if(author.ext==null || author.ext['CN'] == null) {
                                return;
                            }
                            var isLast = $(this).is(':last');
                            if(author.ext.EN.stringName != null && author.ext.CN.stringName != ''){
                                if(isLast){
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName;
                                }else{
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName+', ';
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    if(atc.ext!=null && atc.ext['CN']!=null && atc.ext.CN.title != null && atc.ext.CN.title != ''){
                        titlehtml='<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title"><a href="'+atc.detailUrlCn+'" target="_blank">'+atc.ext.CN.title+'</a></p>';
                    }else if(atc.ext!=null && atc.ext['EN']!=null && atc.ext.EN.title != null && atc.ext.EN.title != '') {
                        titlehtml='<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title"><a href="'+atc.detailUrlEn+'" target="_blank">'+atc.ext.EN.title+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.EN.journalTitle != null && atc.ext.EN.journalTitle != ''){
                        kanming = '<i>'+atc.ext.EN.journalTitle+'</i>. ';
                    }
                    if(atc.issue != null && atc.issue != ''){
                        var yrar = '';
                        var volume = '';
                        var issue = '';
                        var pageStart = '';
                        var pageEnd = '';
                        if(atc.issue.year!=null && atc.issue.year!=''){
                            yrar = atc.issue.year +', ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.volume!=null && atc.issue.volume!=''){
                            volume = 'Vol.'+atc.issue.volume;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.issue!=null && atc.issue.issue!=''){
                            issue = '('+atc.issue.issue+'): ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageStart!=null && atc.issue.pageStart!=''){
                            pageStart =atc.issue.pageStart;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageEnd!=null && atc.issue.pageEnd!=''){
                            pageEnd ='-'+atc.issue.pageEnd;
                        }
                        issnht = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_nianjuanqi">'+kanming+yrar+volume+issue+pageStart+pageEnd+'</p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.doi != null && atc.doi != ''){
                        doihtml = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/'+atc.doi+'">https://doi.org/'+atc.doi+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    var shu = index+1;
                    var zong = '<tr orderNum="'+shu+'"><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" style="width:28px">['+shu+']</td><td>'+authorhtml+titlehtml+issnht+doihtml+'</td></tr>';
                    $('#ckwxcankaowenxian_td').append(zong);
                    //排序   
                      // 1. 获取目标容器下的所有tr元素（转为数组方便排序）
                      const $container = $('#ckwxcankaowenxian_td');
                      const $trList = $container.find('tr');
                    
                      // 2. 对tr数组按orderNum属性升序排序
                      const sortedTr = $trList.sort(function(a, b) {
                        // 提取orderNum属性值，并转为数字（避免字符串排序问题，如"10"<"2"）
                        const orderA = Number($(a).attr('orderNum')) || 0; // 无属性时默认0
                        const orderB = Number($(b).attr('orderNum')) || 0;
                        // 升序：a-b；降序：b-a
                        return orderA - orderB;
                      });
                    
                      // 3. 清空原容器，重新插入排序后的tr（保持DOM结构干净）
                      $container.empty().append(sortedTr);
                    
            }
            
        });
        
        
    }


    //渲染数学公式
    function mag_mathJax(){
       MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        
        // 监听动态内容变化
        const observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
            MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        });
        
        observer.observe(document.body, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true
        });

    }

    //渲染参考文献可视化分析
    function richRefCharts_year(){
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var xData = new Array();
        var yData = new Array();
        var typeData = new Array();
        var sourceData = new Array();
        var otherSourceCount = 0;
        var authorData = new Array();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var year = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("year");
            if(year != null) {
                year = year.trim();
                if(year == "") {
                    // break;
                }
            }else {
                break;
            }
            if(xData.length == 0) {
                xData[0] = year;
                yData[1] = 1;
            }else {
                var isnew = true;
                for(var j=0;j<xData.length;j++) {
                    if(xData[j] == year) {
                        yData[j] = yData[j]+1;
                        isnew = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(isnew) {
                    xData[xData.length] = year;
                    yData[yData.length] = 1;
                }
            }
        }
        var yearCountMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<xData;i++) {
            yearCountMap.set(xData[i], yData[i]);
        }
        xData.sort((a,b)=>a-b);
        for(var i=0;i<xData;i++) {
            yData[i]=yearCountMap.get(xData[i]);
        }

        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_nian_count");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;
        option = {
            tooltip: {
                trigger: 'axis',
                axisPointer: {
                    type: 'shadow'
                }
            },
            xAxis: {
                data: xData
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'value'
            },
            series: [{
                //name: '文献',
                type: 'bar',
                stack: 'browse',
                color: '#f07d2d',
                label:{
                    show:true,
                    position:'top',
                    color:'#000'
                },
                barWidth: '60%',
                data: yData
            }]
        };
        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }

    function richRefCharts_type() {
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var typeData = new Array();
        var typeDataMap = new Map();
        //typeData[0] = {name:'book 10%',value:10};
        //typeData[1] = {name:'report 90%',value:90};
        var typeDataTotal = 0;
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            typeDataTotal++;
            var pType = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("publicationType");
            if(typeDataMap.get(pType) != null) {
                typeDataMap.set(pType,typeDataMap.get(pType)+1);
            }else {
                typeDataMap.set(pType, 1);
            }
        }
        var idx = 0;
        for (const [key, value] of typeDataMap) {
            var par = value/typeDataTotal;
            par = par.toFixed(2);
            typeData[idx] = {name: key+" "+par+"%", value: value};
            idx++;
        }

        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_publication_type");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;
        option = {
            tooltip: {
                trigger: 'item'
            },
            series: [
                {
                    type: 'pie',
                    radius: '70%',
                    data: typeData,
                    emphasis: {
                        itemStyle: {
                            shadowBlur: 10,
                            shadowOffsetX: 0,
                            shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        };

        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }

    //补引期刊分布
    function richRefCharts_source() {
        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_source");
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var sourceDataMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var source = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("sourceList")
            if(!source || source == "" || source.length == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            var sourceList = source.split(",");
            for(var sName of sourceList) {
                if(sourceDataMap.get(sName)) {
                    sourceDataMap.set(sName, sourceDataMap.get(sName)+1);
                }else {
                    sourceDataMap.set(sName, 1);
                }
            }
        }

        var data = [
            //    {name: '清华大学', value: 100},
            //  {name: '浙江大学', value: 150},
            //{name: '上海交通大学', value: 90},
            // 更多数据...
        ];

        for(const [key,value] of sourceDataMap) {
            data.push({name: key, value: value});
        }

        //alert(JSON.stringify(data));
        $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_source").height(data.length*25+50);
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;



        var option = {
            xAxis: {
                type: 'value', // 让 x 轴显示数值
                axisLabel: {
                    rotate: 45 // 可选，调整标签的旋转角度以便更好的显示
                }
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'category', // 让 y 轴显示类别
                data: data.map(item => item.name) // 从数据中提取类别名称作为 y 轴的数据
            },
            series: [{
                type: 'bar', // 使用柱状图类型
                data: data.map(item => item.value), // 从数据中提取数值作为柱状图的数据
                label: { // 可选，显示数值标签
                    show: true,
                    position: 'right' // 在柱状图的右侧显示数值标签
                }
            }],
            grid: {
                left: '30%',
                right: '17%',
                top: '8%',
                bottom: '15%'
                // containLabel: true
            },

        };

        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }


    function richRefCharts_author() {
        var authorData = [];//[{name:'zhangsan', count:21},{name:'李四', count:98}];
        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_author");
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var authorMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var personList = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("personList");
            if(!personList|| personList == "" || personList.trim() == "") {
                continue;
            }
            var personListArr = personList.split(",");
            if(!personListArr || personListArr.length == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            for(var person of personListArr) {
                if(authorMap.get(person)) {
                    authorMap.set(person, authorMap.get(person)+1);
                }else {
                    authorMap.set(person, 1);
                }
            }
        }
        for(const [key,value] of authorMap) {
            authorData.push({name: key, count:value});
        }


        var nodes = new Array();
        if(authorData && authorData.length>0){
            authorData.sort(function(a,b){
                return b.count-a.count;
            });
            for(var authorDataIndex=0;authorDataIndex<authorData.length;authorDataIndex++){
                if(authorDataIndex<50){
                    var colorList = [
                        '#ff7f50', '#87cefa', '#da70d6', '#32cd32', '#6495ed',
                        '#ff69b4', '#ba55d3', '#cd5c5c', '#ffa500', '#40e0d0',
                        '#1e90ff', '#ff6347', '#7b68ee', '#d0648a', '#ffd700',
                        '#6b8e23', '#4ea397', '#3cb371', '#b8860b', '#7bd9a5'
                    ];
                    var color = colorList[authorDataIndex%colorList.length];
                    nodes[authorDataIndex] = {
                        id:'node'+authorDataIndex,
                        name:authorData[authorDataIndex].name,
                        value:authorData[authorDataIndex].count,
                        symbolSize:function(){
                            var size = 20+authorData[authorDataIndex].count*10;
                            if(size>50){
                                return 50;
                            }else{
                                return size;
                            }
                        }(),
                        draggable:true,
                        itemStyle:{
                            normal:{
                                //shadowBlur:10,
                                shadowColor:color,
                                color:color
                            }
                        }
                    };
                }
            }

            if(nodes.length>0){
                nodes.sort(function(a,b){
                    return a.value-b.value;
                });
            }

            var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_author");
            var myChart = echarts.init(dom, null, {
                renderer: 'canvas',
                useDirtyRect: false
            });
            var app = {};
            var option;
            option = {
                backgroundColor: '#fff',
                tooltip: {},
                animationDurationUpdate: function(idx) {
                    // 越往后的数据延迟越大
                    return idx * 100;
                },
                animationEasingUpdate: 'bounceIn',
                color: ['#fff', '#fff', '#fff'],
                series:{
                    type: 'graph',
                    layout: 'force',
                    force: {
                        repulsion: 30,
                        edgeLength: 3
                    },
                    gravity: 1.1,
                    scaling: 1.1,
                    roam: true,
                    label: {
                        normal: {
                            show: true
                        }
                    },
                    data:nodes
                }
            }

            if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
                myChart.setOption(option);
            }
        }
    }

    function generateWeixinUrl() {

    }
    function generateXueshuRul() {
        const elements = document.getElementsByClassName('ckwx_right');
        if(!elements || elements.length<=0) {
            return;
        }
        for(ele of elements) {
            //判断是否是右侧的弹出框参文献，有百度学术和google学术的跳转按钮
            var childrenDiv = ele.querySelectorAll("div");
            if(!childrenDiv) {
                continue;
            }
            var baiduA = null;
            var googleA = null;
            var articleTitle = null;
            for(ch of childrenDiv) {
                var chChList = ch.querySelectorAll("div");
                if(chChList) {
                    for(titleDiv of chChList) {
                        if(titleDiv.classList.contains("ckwx_right_div_article_title")) {
                            //console.log("文章标题>>>"+titleDiv.innerHTML);
                            articleTitle = titleDiv.innerHTML;
                            if(!articleTitle) {
                                articleTitle=" ";
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                var aList = ch.querySelectorAll("a");
                if(!aList) {
                    continue;
                }
                for(a of aList) {
                    if((a.innerHTML+"").includes("百度学术")) {
                        // console.log(">>>"+a.innerHTML);
                        baiduA = a;
                    }
                    if((a.innerHTML+"").includes("谷歌学术")) {
                        // console.log(">>>"+a.innerHTML);
                        googleA = a;
                    }
                }
            }
            if(articleTitle) {
                articleTitle = articleTitle.trim();
            }
            if(!articleTitle) {
                articleTitle=" ";
            }
            if(baiduA && articleTitle) {
                var url = 'https://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=';
                var articleTitleEncode = encodeURIComponent(articleTitle);
                baiduA.href=url+articleTitleEncode;
            }
            if(googleA && articleTitle) {
                var url = 'https://scholar.google.com/scholar?lookup=0&q=';
                //把articleTitle中的空格变成+号
                var articleTitleEncode = encodeURIComponent(articleTitle.replace(/\s/g, '+'));
                googleA.href=url+articleTitleEncode;
                //console.log("替换空格为+号>>>"+(articleTitle.replace(' ', '+'))+"<<<<<<<")
            }
        }

    }

    $(document).ready(function() {
        mag_mathJax();
        renderArticleTable();
        //生成百度学术和谷歌学术url
        generateXueshuRul();
        //生成微信二维码图片
        generateWeixinUrl();
        //richRefCharts_year();
        //richRefCharts_type();
        //richRefCharts_source();
        //richRefCharts_author();
    });


    


    //公式序号 居右
    jQuery(".mag-xml-disp-formula").each(function() {
        var _this = jQuery(this);
        var _label= _this.children("label");
        if(typeof(_label.html())!="undefined"){
            _this.children("label").remove();
            _this.wrap("<div style='overflow:hidden;text-align: center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-flex;'><div style='float:left;text-align:center;width:90%;'></div></div>");
            _this.parent().parent().append("<span style='width:10%;text-align:right;'>"+_label.html()+"</span>");
        }
    });

    $('body').click(function(){
        $('.daochu_div').hide();
        $('.qipao').hide();
    })
    $('.qipao').click(function(event){
        event.stopPropagation();
    })

    /*参考文献显示隐藏*/
    $('.biaotijiantoush1').click(function(event){
        if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){
            $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideUp();
            $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1');
        }else if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){
            $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideDown();
            $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1');
        }
        event.stopPropagation();
    });


    function piaofuFn(a,fnId){
        var content='<div>'+$("#mag-rich-fn-"+fnId).html()+'</div>';
        piaofu(a,content);
    }

    function piaofuCnctst(a,cnctst_id){
        if($("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id) && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length>0){
            var content='<div>'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'</div>';
            piaofu(a,content);
        }else{
            var div=document.createElement("div");
            div.style.display='none';
            div.id="mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id;
            document.body.appendChild(div);

            mag_ajax_update({
                selector:"#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id,
                url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/lexeme/showCnctstOnRich.do",
                data:{cnctst_id:cnctst_id,articleId:$("#articleId").val(),Count:5},
                success:function(){
                    var content='<div>'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'</div>';
                    piaofu(a,content);
                }
            });
        }
    }
    // 埋点管理器 - 防止重复调用
    const TrackingManager = {
        // 记录已发送的埋点事件
        sentEvents: new Set(),
        // 记录埋点调用次数
        callCount: 0,

        // 生成事件唯一标识
        generateEventKey(eventType, params) {
            const paramStr = Object.entries(params)
                .filter(([key]) => key !== 'timestamp') // 排除时间戳，避免每次都不同
                .sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b))
                .map(([key, value]) => `${key}=${value}`)
                .join('|');

            return `${eventType}|${paramStr}`;
        },

        // 发送埋点并检查重复
        async sendEvent(eventType, params) {
            this.callCount++;
            console.log(`埋点调用 #${this.callCount}: ${eventType}`, params);

            const eventKey = this.generateEventKey(eventType, params);

            // 检查是否已发送过相同事件
            if (this.sentEvents.has(eventKey)) {
                console.warn(`重复埋点事件被拦截: ${eventType}`, params);
                return false;
            }

            // 记录已发送事件
            this.sentEvents.add(eventKey);

            try {
                // 实际发送埋点
                return await this._sendTrackingRequest(eventType, params);
            } catch (error) {
                // 发生错误时移除记录，允许重试
                this.sentEvents.delete(eventKey);
                throw error;
            }
        },

        // 实际发送埋点请求
        _sendTrackingRequest(eventType, params) {
            // 构建基础埋点数据
            const baseParams = {
                tenantId: "1045748351789510663",
                journalId: "1155139928190095384",
                articleId: "1159865878068125930",
                eventType: eventType,
                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
                userId: this._getUserId() || "unknown",
            };

            // 合并自定义参数
            const finalParams = { ...baseParams, ...params };

            // 将参数对象转换为URL查询字符串
            const queryString = Object.entries(finalParams)
                .map(([key, value]) => `${key}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`)
                .join('&');

            // 完整的埋点URL
            const trackUrl = `https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/statistics/point/articleDetailPoint?${queryString}`;

            return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
                const img = new Image();
                img.onload = () => {
                    console.log(`埋点发送成功: ${eventType}`, trackUrl);
                    resolve(true);
                };
                img.onerror = () => {
                    console.warn(`埋点发送失败: ${eventType}`, trackUrl);
                    reject(new Error('埋点请求失败'));
                };
                img.src = trackUrl;
            });
        },

        // 获取用户ID
        _getUserId() {
            return localStorage.getItem('userId') || sessionStorage.getItem('userId');
        }
    };

    // 统一的埋点函数
    async function trackEvent(eventType, customParams = {}) {
        return TrackingManager.sendEvent(eventType, customParams);
    }

    // 页面加载完成后自动发送埋点事件
    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', async () => {
        // 检查是否已经初始化过
        if (window.__trackingInitialized) {
            console.warn('埋点初始化已执行过，跳过重复执行');
            return;
        }

        window.__trackingInitialized = true;

        try {
            // 发送pageview事件
            await trackEvent('pageview', {
                pageTitle: document.title,
                screenWidth: window.innerWidth,
                screenHeight: window.innerHeight,
                userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
                referrer: document.referrer,
            });

            // 记录页面加载时间
            const pageLoadTime = performance.timing.loadEventEnd - performance.timing.navigationStart;
            await trackEvent('page_load_time', {
                loadTime: pageLoadTime,
            });

            // 示例：3秒后发送time_spent事件
            const startTime = Date.now();
            setTimeout(async () => {
                const elapsedTime = Date.now() - startTime;
                await trackEvent('time_spent', {
                    milliseconds: elapsedTime,
                });
            }, 3000);
        } catch (error) {
            console.error('埋点发送过程中出错:', error);
        }
    });

    $("#mag_rich_ref_charts").hide();


    $(function(){
        //$('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
    })
    $("#autoMenu").niceScroll({
        cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色
        cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1
        touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用
        cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度  单位默认px
        cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义
        cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角
        autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条  true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条
        zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值
        railvalign:'defaul',
        railpadding: {
            top: 0,
            right: -6,
            left: 0,
            bottom: 0
        }, //滚动条的位置
    });
    $("#ckwxcankaowenxian").niceScroll({
        cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色
        cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1
        touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用
        cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度  单位默认px
        cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义
        cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角
        autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条  true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条
        zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值
        railvalign:'defaul',
        railpadding: {
            top: 0,
            right: -6,
            left: 0,
            bottom: 0
        }, //滚动条的位置
    }); let score;
    let tempData2;
    let targetUrl = '';

    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
        return ;
        score = null;

        fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/getAltmetricToken?articleId=1159865878068125930`)
            .then(response => {
                if (!response.ok) throw new Error('第一个接口调用失败');
                return response.json();
            })
            .then(data1 => {
                data1.articleId = String(data1.articleId);
                console.log('第一个接口返回:', data1);
                if (data1.status !== 200 || !data1.token) throw new Error('第一个接口token无效');

                return fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/getAltmetricInfo?articleId=1159865878068125930&token=${data1.token}`);
            })
            .then(response => {
                if (!response.ok) throw new Error('第二个接口调用失败');
                return response.json();
            })
            .then(data2 => {
                console.log('第二个接口返回:', data2);

                if (!data2 || typeof data2 !== 'object') {
                    throw new Error('第二个接口返回格式不正确');
                }

                // 逻辑分支1：没有request对象时，直接查score（不走后续接口）
                if (!data2.request || typeof data2.request !== 'object') {
                    console.log('无request对象，直接查询score');
                    // 这里假设score从data2中获取，实际根据接口返回调整
                    score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                    displayScore(score);
                    return null; // 返回null终止后续链式调用
                }

                // 逻辑分支2：有request对象时，检查current_art
                console.log('存在request对象，检查current_art状态');
                const currentArt = data2.request.current_art;

                // 2.1 current_art为false时，直接查score（不走后续接口）
                if (currentArt === false) {
                    console.log('current_art为false，直接查询score');
                    score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                    displayScore(score);
                    return null; // 返回null终止后续链式调用
                }

                // 2.2 current_art为true时，走原逻辑（调用第三方和第三个接口）
                if (currentArt === true) {
                    console.log('current_art为true，执行原逻辑');
                    if (!data2.request.token) {
                        throw new Error('第二个接口request中缺少token');
                    }
                    if (!data2.request.doi) {
                        throw new Error('第二个接口request中缺少doi');
                    }

                    tempData2 = data2;
                    const doi = data2.request.doi;
                    const encodedDoi = encodeURIComponent(doi);
                    const url = `https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/${encodedDoi}`;

                    return fetch(url, { method: 'GET', mode: 'cors' })
                        .then(altmetricResponse => {
                            console.log(`第三方接口返回状态: ${altmetricResponse.status}`);
                            return altmetricResponse.json().catch(() => {
                                return { status: altmetricResponse.status, error: '非JSON响应' };
                            });
                        });
                }

                // 2.3 current_art未定义时，默认直接查score
                console.log('current_art未定义，默认查询score');
                score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                displayScore(score);
                return null;
            })
            .then(altmetricData => {
                // 如果前面返回null，直接终止
                if (altmetricData === null) {
                    console.log('流程已终止，不执行后续接口调用');
                    return;
                }

                // 后续逻辑：处理第三方接口返回并调用第三个接口
                console.log('第三方接口返回:', altmetricData);
                score = altmetricData.score !== undefined ? altmetricData.score : null;
                displayScore(score);

                const formData = new FormData();
                formData.append('articleId', tempData2?.request?.id || '');
                formData.append('token', tempData2?.request?.token || '');
                formData.append('altmetricInfo', JSON.stringify(altmetricData));

                return fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/submitArticlePlumxInfo`, {
                    method: 'POST',
                    body: formData
                })
                    .then(response => {
                        console.log(`第三个接口返回状态: ${response.status}`);
                        return response.json().catch(() => ({ status: response.status, error: '非JSON响应' }));
                    });
            })
            .then(data3 => {
                if (data3) {
                    console.log('第三个接口返回:', data3);
                }
                if (targetUrl && typeof targetUrl === 'string' && targetUrl.trim() !== '') {
                    window.open(targetUrl, '_blank');
                }
            })
            .catch(error => {
                console.error('接口调用出错:', error);
                displayScore(null);
                if (targetUrl && typeof targetUrl === 'string' && targetUrl.trim() !== '') {
                    window.open(targetUrl, '_blank');
                }
            });
    });

    function displayScore(scoreValue) {
        if(scoreValue && scoreValue>0){
            if(scoreValue - parseInt(scoreValue) > 0){
                $("#altmetric-shu").html(parseInt(scoreValue)+1);
            }else{
                $("#altmetric-shu").html(parseInt(scoreValue));
            }
            $("#altmetric-div").show();
        }


    }



    (function ($) {
        var Menu = (function () {
            /**
             * @constructor
             */
            var Plugin = function(element, options) {
                this.$element = $(element);
                this.settings = $.extend({}, $.fn.autoMenu.defaults, typeof options === 'object' && options)
                this.init();
            }
            /**
             */
            Plugin.prototype = {
                init: function () {
                    var opts = this.settings;
                    this.$element.html(this.createHtml());
                    this.setActive();
                    this.bindEvent();
                },
                createHtml: function(){
                    var that = this;
                    var opts = that.settings;
                    var width = typeof opts.width === 'number' && opts.width;
                    var height = typeof opts.height === 'number' && opts.height;
                    var padding = typeof opts.padding === 'number' && opts.padding;
                    that.$element.width('100%');
                    var html = '<ul class="cas_nav_ul">';
                    var num = 0;
                    var shu="";
                    $('.cas_nav_daohang').each(function(){
                        var _this = $(this);
                        if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelOne.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            shu= num
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="yiji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelTwo.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelThree.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.parents('.mag_rich_body_p').attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/img_nav.png" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelFour.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/table_nav.png" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelFive.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.parent('.main_content_center_left_div_img_shuoming').siblings('.cas_zw_img_img').attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/video.png" style="width:18px;height:12px;" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }
                    })
                    html += '</ul>';
                    return html;
                },
                handleTxt: function(txt){
                    //姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓幓闄TML鐨勬爣绛�
                    return txt.replace(/<\/?[^>]+>/g,"").trim();
                },
                setActive: function(){
                    var $el = this.$element,
                        opts = this.settings,
                        items = opts.levelOne + ',' + opts.levelTwo +',' + opts.levelThree+',' + opts.levelFour+',' + opts.levelFive,
                        $items = $(items),
                        offTop = opts.offTop,
                        headLen = $('.cas_nav_daohang').length,
                        allEle = $('.cas_nav_daohang'),
                        top = $(document).scrollTop()+$('.yicangdsjk').height(),
                        currentId;
                    for (var i=headLen-1; i>=0; i--) {
                        if ($(window).scrollTop() >= allEle.eq(i).offset().top-$('.yicangdsjk').height() + allEle.eq(i).height()-allEle.eq(i).height()-150) {
                            var index = i;
                            $('#autoMenu ul li').eq(index).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active').siblings('.erji_div').children('li').removeClass('active');
                            return false;
                        } else {
                            $('#autoMenu ul li').eq(0).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active').siblings('.erji_div').children('li').removeClass('active');
                        }
                    }
                    $items.each(function(){
                        var m = $(this),
                            itemTop = m.offset().top;
                        if(top > itemTop-offTop){
                            currentId = m.attr('id');
                        }else{
                            return false;
                        }
                    })
                    var currentLink = $el.find('.active');
                },
                bindEvent: function(){
                    var _this = this;
                    $(window).scroll(function(){
                        _this.setActive();
                        var nav = $("#autoMenu");
                        var articleNav = nav.find('.active');
                        if (articleNav && articleNav.length > 0) {
                            var navItemtop = articleNav.position().top+89;
                            var navItemtop1 = articleNav.position().top;
                            var navItemHeight = articleNav.height();
                            var navItemBottom = navItemtop + navItemHeight  + 20;
                            console.log(navItemtop);
                            var scrollNav = $('#autoMenu');
                            var navScrollPos = scrollNav.scrollTop();
                            if (navItemBottom >= $(window).height()) {
                                scrollNav.scrollTop(navScrollPos + navItemHeight);
                            }
                            else if (navItemtop1 < 20) {
                                scrollNav.scrollTop(navScrollPos - navItemHeight);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                    _this.$element.on('click','.btn-box',function(){
                        if($(this).find('span').hasClass('icon-minus-sign')){
                            $(this).find('span').removeClass('icon-minus-sign').addClass('icon-plus-sign');
                            _this.$element.find('ul').fadeOut();
                        }else{
                            $(this).find('span').removeClass('icon-plus-sign').addClass('icon-minus-sign');
                            _this.$element.find('ul').fadeIn();
                        }

                    })
                }

            };
            return Plugin;
        })();


        /**
         * 杩欓噷鏄皢Plugin瀵硅薄 杞负jq鎻掍欢鐨勫舰寮忚繘琛岃皟鐢�
         * 瀹氫箟涓€涓彃浠� plugin
         */
        $.fn.autoMenu = function (options) {
            return this.each(function () {
                var $el = $(this),
                    menu = $el.data('autoMenu'),
                    option = $.extend({}, $.fn.autoMenu.defaults, typeof options === 'object' && options);
                if (!menu) {
                    //灏嗗疄渚嬪寲鍚庣殑鎻掍欢缂撳瓨鍦╠om缁撴瀯閲岋紙鍐呭瓨閲岋級
                    $el.data('autoMenu',new Menu(this, option));
                }

                /**
                 * 濡傛灉鎻掍欢鐨勫弬鏁版槸涓€涓瓧绗︿覆锛屽垯 璋冪敤 鎻掍欢鐨� 瀛楃涓叉柟娉曘€�
                 * 濡� $('#id').plugin('doSomething') 鍒欏疄闄呰皟鐢ㄧ殑鏄� $('#id).plugin.doSomething();
                 */
                if ($.type(options) === 'string') menu[option]();
            });
        };

        /**
         * 鎻掍欢鐨勯粯璁ゅ€�
         */
        $.fn.autoMenu.defaults = {
            levelOne : 'h3', //涓€绾ф爣棰�
            levelTwo : 'h4',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelThree : 'h5',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelFour : 'h6',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelFive : 'h7',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            padding: 20, //鍐呴儴闂磋窛
            offTop : 100, //婊氬姩鍒囨崲瀵艰埅鏃剁椤堕儴鐨勮窛绂�

        };

        /**
         * 浼橀泤澶勶細 閫氳繃data-xxx 鐨勬柟寮� 瀹炰緥鍖栨彃浠躲€�
         * 杩欐牱鐨勮瘽 鍦ㄩ〉闈笂灏变笉闇€瑕佹樉绀鸿皟鐢ㄤ簡銆�
         * 鍙互鏌ョ湅bootstrap 閲岄潰鐨凧S鎻掍欢鍐欐硶
         */

    })(jQuery);




    $(function(){
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width(wid*$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length);
        for(var t =0;t<$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;t++){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').eq(t).width(wid);
        }
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-40);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs+5});

    })
    function li_click(a){
        var index = $('.cas_nav_ul li a').index($(a));

        var top_height= $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var ddIndex = $(a).stop().attr('href').lastIndexOf('#');
        var ddId = $(a).stop().attr('href').substring(ddIndex+1);
        console.log(ddId)
        var windowTop = $('#' + ddId + '').offset().top-50-top_height;
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: windowTop}, 'fast');
    }
    var gao = "";
    var win_height="";
    var diheight="";
    var heigthzhengwen= "";
    var document_height="";
    window.onload=function(){
        heigthzhengwen=$('.main_content_center').find('.main_content_center_left').height();
        gao = $('.huoquoffset').offset().top;
        document_height = $('body').height();
        diheight= $('.main_content_bottom').offset().top;
        var win_height = $(window).height();
        var pisus =$('.yicangdsjk').css('position');
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop-$('.yicangdsjk').height();
        if(pisus=="fixed" && t>$('.yicangdsjk').height()){
            $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-30);
        }else{
            $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-30);
        }

        var width= $('.main_content_center_right').width();
        $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-30);
        $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-30);
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-30);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs});
        for(var a = 0;a<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').length;a++){
            var widt= $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).width();
            var fwit = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
            if(widt>fwit){
                if(600>fwit){
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','100%');
                }else{
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','600px');
                }
            }else if(widt<fwit){
                if(600>widt){
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width',widt+'px');
                }else{
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','600px');
                }
            }
        }
        for(var i =0;i<$('.yiji').length;i++){
            if($('.yiji').eq(i).next('li').hasClass("sub") || $('.yiji').eq(i).next('li').hasClass("sub_sanji")){
                $('.yiji').eq(i).append('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i" onclick="click_nav_daidn(this);"></i>');
            }
        }
    }
    var zhid =1;
    function closedk(a) {
        var height = $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var height1 = $('#huoqudndkk').height();
        $('.yicangdsjk').fadeOut();
        $('#huoqudndkk').css('top','0');
        $('#huoqudndkk').height(height1+height);
        zhid =0;
    }
    function click_nav_daidn(a){
        var name_num=$(a).parent('li').attr("name");
        var cla= ".dianjinav_"+name_num;
        if($(a).attr("class")=="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i"){
            for(var i =0;i<$(cla).length;i++){
                $(a).parent('li').siblings(cla).slideUp();
            }
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top nav_i');
        }else if($(a).attr("class")=="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top nav_i"){
            for(var i =0;i<$(cla).length;i++){
                $(a).parent('li').siblings(cla).slideDown();
            }
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i');
        }
    }
    function resetLayout() {
        var bdidhjfwidth =  document.body.clientWidth;
        var width1=$('.main_content_center_right').width();
        var now_doc_height = $('body').height();
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        if( bdidhjfwidth > 1050){
            if(t>$('.huoquoffset').offset().top){
                if(zhid==1){
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideDown();
                }
                $('#huoqudndkk').addClass('fixed');
                $('#huoqudndkk').css('width',width1);
            }else{
                $('#huoqudndkk').removeClass('fixed');
                $('.yicangdsjk').slideUp();
            }
        }else{
            if($('.shoujihadhjsdj') && $('.shoujihadhjsdj').length && $('.shoujihadhjsdj').length>0){
                var odhdjf = $('.shoujihadhjsdj').offset().top;
                if(t>=odhdjf){
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideDown();
                }else{
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideUp();
                }
            }
        }

    }
    $(window).scroll(function () {
        var heigthzhengwen_jian= $('.main_content_center').find('.main_content_center_left').height();
        resetLayout();
        $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
        var heigh=$('.main_content_top').offset().top;
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        var top_height= $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var shishidibu= $('.main_content_bottom').offset().top;
        var c ="";
        $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
        $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
        var nav_off_top = $('.huoquoffset').offset().top;
        if(t>heigh){
            if(zhid == 1){
                $('#huoqudndkk').css('top',top_height+20);
            }
            var win_height = $(window).height();
            if(zhid == 1){
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-top_height-50);
            }else{
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-top_height-80);
            }
            c = $('.main_content_bottom').height();
        }
        if(heigthzhengwen==heigthzhengwen_jian){
            var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-50;
            if(t>diheight-$('.main_content_bottom').height()-$('.yicangdsjk').height()*7-30){
                if(zhid == 1){
                    $('#huoqudndkk').height(b);
                }
                $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
                $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
            }
        }else{
            var cha =heigthzhengwen-heigthzhengwen_jian;
            if(zhid == 1){
                var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-90;
            }else{
                var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height();
            }
            if(t>diheight-cha-$('.main_content_bottom').height()-$('.yicangdsjk').height()*9-30){
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(b);
                $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
                $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
            }
        }


    })
    $(window).resize(function() {
        resetLayout()
        var width1=$('.main_content_center_right').width();
        $('#huoqudndkk').css('width',width1);
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width(wid*$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length);
        for(var t =0;t<$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;t++){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').eq(t).width(wid);
        }
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-40);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs+5});
    });
    /* 寮曠敤鏈枃涓嬩竴绡� */
    var index = 0;
    function xiayipian(){
        var a = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var zong = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width();
        var left = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').css('left');
        var left1 = left.replace(/px/ig, '');
        var left2 = left1.replace(/-/ig, '');
        if(index*1+1 != a){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').animate({left:"-="+wid});
            index = index+1;
        }else{
           // alert("鏈€鍚庝竴涓�");

        }
    }
    /* 寮曠敤鏈枃涓婁竴绡� */
    function shangyipian(){
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var zong = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width();
        var left = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').css('left');
        var left1 = left.replace(/px/ig, '');
        var left2 = left1.replace(/-/ig, '');
        if(index*1-1 >= 0){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').animate({left:"+="+wid});
            index = index-1;
        }else{
           // alert("绗竴涓�")
        }
    }
    /* 涓嬫媺妗嗛€夋嫨瀵艰埅 */
    function Jump(a){
        var id = $(a).attr('value');
        var windowTop = $('#' + id +'').offset().top-10;
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: windowTop}, 'fast');
    }

    function slide_up(a){
        if($(a).html()== "+"){
            $(a).parent('.Author_contribution').next('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideDown("slow");
            $(a).html('-')
        }else if($(a).html()== "-"){
            $(a).parent('.Author_contribution').next('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideUp("slow");
            $(a).html('+')
        }
    }

    function Author_details_put_away(a){
        $(a).parent('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideUp("slow");
        $(a).parent('.Author_contribution_content').prev('.Author_contribution').find('i').attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down');
    }

    function zhaiyaozhan(a){
        if($(a).attr('class') == "glyphicon glyphicon-minus main_content_center_left_one_title_i"){
            $(a).parent('.main_content_center_left_one_title').next('.zhaiyaojs').stop().slideUp("slow");
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-plus main_content_center_left_one_title_i');
        }else if($(a).attr('class') == "glyphicon glyphicon-plus main_content_center_left_one_title_i"){
            $(a).parent('.main_content_center_left_one_title').next('.zhaiyaojs').stop().slideDown("slow");
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-minus main_content_center_left_one_title_i');
        }
    }

    function daochu_div(a,event){
        var top = $(a).offset().top;
        var left = $(a).offset().left;
        $('.daochu_div').css({'top':top+30,'left':left});
        $('.daochu_div').stop().slideDown("slow");
        event.stopPropagation();
    }

    $('body').click(function(){
        $('.daochu_div').hide();
        $('.qipao').hide();
    })
    $('.qipao').click(function(event){
        event.stopPropagation();
    })



    function guanbiann(){
        $('.new_full_rich_model').hide();
        $('.new_full_rich_motaikuang').hide();
    }


    function  dianjitab(a,b){
        $(a).css({'background':'#dceefb','border-top':'2px solid #2992e2'}).siblings('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').css({'background':'#f0f7fc','border-top':'2px solid #f0f7fc'});
        $(b).stop().slideDown("slow").siblings('.yuedushu').stop().slideUp("slow");
    }

    function shouqidk(a){
        $(a).parent('.yuedushu').stop().slideUp("slow");
        for(var i = 0 ;i<$('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').length;i++){
            $('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').eq(i).css({'background':'#f0f7fc','border-top':'2px solid #f0f7fc'});
        }
    }

    function zuihoutab (a,b){
        $(a).css({'background':'#fff','border-top':'2px solid #0d6797','color':'#0d6797'}).siblings('.main_content_center_right_div_tab_top_div').css({'background':'#ebf0f4','border-top':'2px solid #ebf0f4','color':'#333'});
        $(b).stop().slideDown("slow").siblings('.main_content_center_right_div_tab_con').stop().slideUp("slow");
    }

    var x11 ="";
    function mouseMove(ev){
        Ev= ev || window.event;
        var mousePos = mouseCoords(ev);
        x11 = mousePos.x;
    }
    function mouseCoords(ev){
        if(ev.pageX || ev.pageY){
            return {x:ev.pageX, y:ev.pageY};
        }
        return{
            x:ev.clientX + document.body.scrollLeft - document.body.clientLeft,
            y:ev.clientY + document.body.scrollTop - document.body.clientTop
        };
    }
    document.onmousemove = mouseMove;

    //鏂规硶2
    //Firefox鏀寔灞炴€ageX,涓巔ageY灞炴€э紝杩欎袱涓睘鎬у凡缁忔妸椤甸潰婊氬姩璁＄畻鍦ㄥ唴浜�,
    //鍦–hrome鍙互閫氳繃document.body.scrollLeft锛宒ocument.body.scrollTop璁＄畻鍑洪〉闈㈡粴鍔ㄤ綅绉伙紝
    //鑰屽湪IE涓嬪彲浠ラ€氳繃document.documentElement.scrollLeft 锛宒ocument.documentElement.scrollTop
    function getMousePos(event) {
        var e = event || window.event;
        var scrollX = document.documentElement.scrollLeft || document.body.scrollLeft;
        var scrollY = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        var x = e.pageX || e.clientX + scrollX;
        var y = e.pageY || e.clientY + scrollY;
        //alert('x: ' + x + '\ny: ' + y);
        return { 'x': x, 'y': y};
    }


    function showimg(thiss){
        $('.new_full_rich_motaikuang').show();
        $('.new_full_rich_model').show();
        $('.zuo').show();
        $('.you').show();
        $('.cas_motaikuang').show();
        $('.cas_model').show();
        var mTop = $(thiss).offset().top;
        $('.new_full_rich_model').css("top",mTop+100);
        var scr=$(thiss).attr('src');
        $('.tp').attr('src',scr);
        var nr=$(thiss).parent('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
        $('.neirong').html(nr);
        var arr=[];
        for(var i=0;i<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').length;i++){
            var img_src=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).children('img').attr('src');
            var zong=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
            var puse = {};
            puse.shuzi=i+1;
            puse.src=img_src;
            puse.zongde=zong;
            arr[i]=puse;
        }
        var a = arr.length;
        $('.zongdea').html(a);
        for(var y=0;y<arr.length;y++){
            if(arr[y].src==scr){
                $('.yige').html(arr[y].shuzi);
            }
        }
    }
    function shang(){
        var arr=[];
        for(var i=0;i<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').length;i++){
            var img_src=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).children('img').attr('src');
            var zong=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
            var puse = {};
            puse.shuzi=i+1;
            puse.src=img_src;
            puse.zongde=zong;
            arr[i]=puse;
        }
        var tptp=$('.tp').attr('src');
        for(var y=0;y<arr.length;y++){
            if(arr[y].src==tptp){
                if(arr[y].src==arr[0].src){
                   // alert("No figure ahead!");
                    return false;
                }else{
                    var fzsrc=arr[y-1].src;
                    var fzshuzi=arr[y-1].shuzi;
                    var fzcontent=arr[y-1].zongde;
                    $('.tp').attr('src',fzsrc);
                    $('.yige').html(fzshuzi);
                    $('.neirong').html(fzcontent);
                }
            }
        }

    }

    function xia(){
        var arr=[];
        for(var i=0;i<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').length;i++){
            var img_src=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).children('img').attr('src');
            var zong=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
            var puse = {};
            puse.shuzi=i+1;
            puse.src=img_src;
            puse.zongde=zong;
            arr[i]=puse;
        }
        var tptp=$('.tp').attr('src');
        for(var y=0;y<arr.length;y++){
            if(arr[y].src==tptp){
                if(arr[y].src==arr[arr.length-1].src){
                    //alert("No figure after!");
                    return false;
                }else{
                    var fzsrc=arr[y+1].src;
                    var fzshuzi=arr[y+1].shuzi;
                    var fzcontent=arr[y+1].zongde;
                    $('.tp').attr('src',fzsrc);
                    $('.yige').html(fzshuzi);
                    $('.neirong').html(fzcontent);
                }
            }
        }

    }
    function fanhuidingbu(){
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: 0}, 'fast');
    }
    function shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html("Top");
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }
    function zhedieyouce(){
        if(zd_html=="Full size"){
            width111 = $('.main_content_center_right').width();
            $('.main_content_center_right').hide();
            $('.main_content_center_left').width('100%');
            zd_html="Section";
        }else if(zd_html=="Section"){
            $('#huoqudndkk').width(width111);
            $('.main_content_center_right').show();
            $('.main_content_center_left').width('60%');
            zd_html="Full size";
        }

    }

    var zd_html="Full size";

    function shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html("Top");
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }

    function u_shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></i>');
        $(a).css({'font-size':'14px','line-height':'40px'})
    }
    function shu_zedieyouce(a){
        $(a).html(zd_html);
        zd_html=$(a).html();
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }
    function u_shu_zedieyouce(a){
        $(a).css({'font-size':'14px','line-height':'40px'})
        $(a).html('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>');
    }
    // 首先定义日期转换函数
    function convertChineseToEnglishDate(chineseDate) {
        // 提取年、月、日 - 支持多种中文日期格式
        const matches = chineseDate.match(/(\d{4})[年\-\\/](\d{1,2})[月\-\\/](\d{1,2})[日]?/);
        if (!matches || matches.length < 4) {
            console.warn('无效的日期格式:', chineseDate);
            return chineseDate; // 返回原内容如果格式不匹配
        }

        const year = matches[1];
        const month = parseInt(matches[2]);
        const day = parseInt(matches[3]);

        const monthNames = [
            'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
            'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sept', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'
        ];

        return `${day} ${monthNames[month - 1]} ${year}`;
    }

    // 使用jQuery循环处理所有riqizhuahuan类元素
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $('.riqizhuahuan').each(function() {
            // 获取当前元素的HTML内容
            const chineseDate = $(this).html().trim();

            // 调用转换函数
            const englishDate = convertChineseToEnglishDate(chineseDate);

            // 将转换后的日期设置回元素
            $(this).html(englishDate);

            // 如果需要，可以添加一个类表示已转换
            $(this).addClass('converted-to-english');
        });
    });

    function referenceOrderByType(type){
        if(type==1){//原文顺序
            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-1-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                //return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入到容器对象
            };
        }else if(type==2){//文献年度倒序
            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-2-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                //return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入  到容器对象
            };
        }else if(type==3){//文献被引倒序
            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-3-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                //return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入到容器对象
            };
        }
    }

    function downloadCitationFile1(type){
        downloadCitationFile(type);
    }

    function downloadCitationFile(type) {
        var tenantId = '1045748351789510663';
        var journalId = '1155139928190095384';
        var language = 'CN';
        var doi = '10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.023';
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/article/citation/download?tenantId="+tenantId+"&journalId="+journalId+"&language="+language+"&doi="+doi+"&citationType="+type;
        console.log("下载引用管理文件url："+url);
        // 创建一个临时的a标签
        var element = document.createElement('a');
        element.setAttribute('href', url);
        element.setAttribute('target', "__blank");

        // 隐藏a标签
        element.style.display = 'none';
        document.body.appendChild(element);

        // 模拟点击事件来下载文件
        element.click();

        // 下载后移除a标签
        document.body.removeChild(element);


    }

    function saveParamsAndJump (domain,tenantId,journalId,articleId) {
        // 改用 sessionStorage（刷新页面不丢失，关闭标签页后失效）
        sessionStorage.setItem('articleId', articleId || '');
        // 跳转页面
        window.location.href = domain + '/metrics/' + tenantId+"/"+journalId+"/"+articleId;
    }

    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
        // 初始渲染
        MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        
        // 监听动态内容变化
        const observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
            MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        });
        
        observer.observe(document.body, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true
        });
    });



  $(function(){
        getPreviewArticle();
        getNextArticle();
        if($("#trendmd-journal-id") && $("#trendmd-journal-id").length && $("#trendmd-journal-id").length>0){
			window.setTimeout(function(){
				var script = document.createElement("script");
				script.type = "text/javascript";
				script.src = "https://js.trendmd.com/trendmd.min.js";
				script.setAttribute("defer","");
				script.setAttribute("data-trendmdconfig",'{"journal_id":"'+$("#trendmd-journal-id").val()+'", "element":"#trendmd-suggestions"}');
				document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
			},1000);
		}
        
    })

    function getPreviewArticle() {
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/preArticle?articleId=1159865878068125930&issueId=1159865868492529864";
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code==200 && res.data!=null) {
                    $("#pre_article_a").attr("href", 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/'+res.data.id);
                }
            },
            error: function(res) {}
            
            
        });
        
        
    }
    
    function getNextArticle() {
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/nextArticle?articleId=1159865878068125930&issueId=1159865868492529864";
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code==200 && res.data!=null) {
                    $("#next_article_a").attr("href", 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/'+res.data.id);
                }
            },
            error: function(res) {}
            
            
        });
        
    }
    
    
    
    $(function() {
        getCitationDetailByWos();
    })
   function getCitationDetailByWos() {
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/articleCitedList?pageSize=1&source=WOS&journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159865878068125930";
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success: function(res) {
                 
                if(res.code==200 &&res.listData!=null) {
                    for(var citation of res.listData) {
                        $("#citation_count").text(citation.citedCount);
                        break;
                    }
                    
                }else {
                    getCitationDetailByCrossRef();   
                    
                }
            },
            error: function(res) {}
            
            
        });
        
    }


 function getCitationDetailByCrossRef() {
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/articleCitedList?pageSize=1&source=Crossref&journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159865878068125930";
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code==200 && res.listData!=null) {
                    for(var catation of res.listData) {
                        $("#citation_count").text(catation.citedCount);
                        break;
                    }   
                }
            },
            error: function(res) {}
            
            
        });
        
    }
   
   
   
    $(function() {
        processJson();
    })
    
    //数据库字段不全的情况下，查询json报文取字段
    function processJson() {
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/json?articleId=1159865878068125930&language=CN";
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code!=null && res.data!=null && res.data.article!=null) {
                       var article = res.data.article;
                       //处理通信作者显示不全问题
                       if(article.articleExtMap!=null) {
                            for(var ext of article.articleExtMap) {
                                if(ext.lang=='en') {
                                    var extInfo = ext.ext;
                                    if(extInfo!=null) {
                                        var authorNotes = extInfo.authorNotes;
                                        var noteText = "";
                                        if(authorNotes!=null && authorNotes!='' && authorNotes.length>0) {
                                            for(var note of authorNotes) {
                                                if(noteText!="") {
                                                    noteText = noteText+"<br/>";
                                                }
                                                noteText+=note;
                                            }
                                           // $("#correspAuthorsNoteText").html(noteText);
                                        }
                                        
                                        let subTitleEn = extInfo.subTitle ? `<br/>—${extInfo.subTitle}` : '';
                                        if(subTitleEn){
                                            $("#subTitle_en").html(subTitleEn);
                                        }
                                    }
                                    
                                }
                                
                                if(ext.lang=="zh"){
                                    if(ext.ext){
                                        let subTitleCn = ext.ext.subTitle ? `<br/>——${ext.ext.subTitle}` : '';
                                        if(subTitleCn){
                                            $("#subTitle_cn").html(subTitleCn);
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                
                            }
                           
                       }//if 
                }
            },
            error: function(res) {}
        });
    } 网站版权 © 《中国工程科学》杂志社有限责任公司 电话: 0086-10-58582252 京公网安备 11010502051620号 京ICP备11030251号-2 Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd var _hmt = _hmt || [];
(function() {
  var hm = document.createElement("script");
  hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?2834c7e9ed0ad756f893817022d2bb56";
  var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; 
  s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
})(); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
  function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
  gtag('js', new Date());
  gtag('config', 'G-40JBR51S7J');

Received	Accepted	Published
2020-11-15
Issue Date
2024-06-13

期刊首页

在线期刊

优先出版

当前目录

过刊浏览

专题出版

作者中心

作者指南

征稿启事

出版政策

版权协议

模板下载

关于期刊

出版范围

期刊介绍

编委会

收录与重大支持

联系我们

English

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Key words

引用本文

1、机器翻译发展简史

2、神经网络机器翻译

3、机器翻译应用

4、挑战和展望

参考文献

基金资助

在线期刊

作者中心

关于期刊

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Key words

引用本文

1、 机器翻译发展简史

2、 神经网络机器翻译

3、 机器翻译应用

4、 挑战和展望

参考文献

基金资助

AI思维导图

1、机器翻译发展简史

2、神经网络机器翻译

3、机器翻译应用

4、挑战和展望