器官移植免疫排斥反应是由多种细胞参与的复杂的免疫应答过程，是决定移植成败和患者生存的关键因素。目前大多数器官移植患者采用免疫抑制剂和生物制剂的组合疗法来控制移植器官的免疫排斥反应，然而免疫抑制剂的使用会降低移植患者免疫系统功能，导致严重的并发症，如慢性感染、恶性肿瘤等。因
此，彻底了解器官移植免疫耐受和免疫排斥的相关机制对于开发更好的治疗方案和改善患者预后至关重要。本文对免疫细胞在器官移植免疫排斥和免疫耐受诱导过程中的作用，以及目前针对移植患者处于临床试验阶段的新型细胞治疗进行概述。

Organ transplant rejection (OTR) is a complex immune reaction involving multiple cells, and it determines graft survival and patient prognosis. At present, most transplant recipients are administered a combination of immunosuppressive and biological agents to protect them from OTR. However, immunosuppressive agents negatively impact the immune system of the patients, causing them to suffer from serious complications, such as chronic infection and malignant tumors. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in immune tolerance and immune rejection with regard to organ transplant (OT) is essential for developing better treatment options and improving patient outcomes. This article reviews the role of immune cells in OTR and organ transplant tolerance (OTT), including the novel cell therapies that are currently under clinical trials for transplant recipients.