面向城市轨道交通客流控制与列车时刻表一体化的分布鲁棒优化方法研究
卢亚菡 , 杨立兴 , 杨凯 , 高自友 , 周厚盛 , 孟凡婷 , 戚建国
工程(英文) ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5) : 202 -220.
面向城市轨道交通客流控制与列车时刻表一体化的分布鲁棒优化方法研究
A Distributionally Robust Optimization Method for Passenger Flow Control Strategy and Train Scheduling on an Urban Rail Transit Line
新冠病毒肺炎疫情在过饱和城市轨道交通系统中传播风险较高,为降低交叉感染风险,同时缓解车站日益严重的拥挤状况,本文提出了一种面向城市轨道交通客流控制与列车时刻表一体化的分布鲁棒优化方法。具体地,考虑客流需求和随机客流场景发生概率的双重不确定性,以最小化列车运营时间、平均等待人数和运营风险为目标,构建了基于'均值-CVaR'准则的分布鲁棒优化模型,并推导了其与传统两阶段随机规划模型之间的关系。基于∞-范数非精确集,将该模型等价转化为计算可处理形式,并设计了一种结合局部搜索规则和CPLEX的求解算法。最后,以实际运营数据为背景,通过一系列数值算例验证了所提方法的有效性。
Regular coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic prevention and control have raised new requirements that necessitate operation-strategy innovation in urban rail transit. To alleviate increasingly serious congestion and further reduce the risk of cross-infection, a novel two-stage distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model is explicitly constructed, in which the probability distribution of stochastic scenarios is only partially known in advance. In the proposed model, the mean-conditional value-atrisk (mean-CVaR) criterion is employed to obtain a tradeoff between the expected number of waiting passengers and the risk of congestion on an urban rail transit line. The relationship between the proposed distributionally robust model and the traditional two-stage stochastic programming (SP) model is also depicted. Furthermore, to overcome the obstacle of model solvability resulting from imprecise probability distributions, a discrepancy-based ambiguity set is used to transform the robust counterpart into its computationally tractable form. A hybrid algorithm that combines a local search algorithm with a mixedinteger linear programming (MILP) solver is developed to improve the computational efficiency of largescale instances. Finally, a series of numerical examples with real-world operation data are executed to validate the proposed approaches.
客流控制 / 列车时刻表 / 分布鲁棒优化 / 随机动态客流 / 非精确集
Passenger flow control / Train scheduling / Distributionally robust optimization / Stochastic and dynamic passenger demand / Ambiguity set
| 符号 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| 场景集合, | |
| 车站集合, | |
| 非换乘站集合 | |
| 换乘站集合 | |
| 列车集合, | |
| 离散时间戳集合, | |
| 车站标号, | |
| 场景标号, | |
| 场景发生概率 | |
| 列车标号 | |
| 时段标号 | |
| 单位时间粒度 | |
| 列车在第个区段的运行时间 | |
| 列车在车站的停站时间 | |
| 列车与列车在车站的发车间隔 | |
| 最小发车间隔 | |
| 最大发车间隔 | |
| 总运行时间 | |
| 列车到站时刻,表示列车到达车站的时刻(决策变量) | |
| 列车到站时刻,表示列车离开车站的时刻(决策变量) | |
| 列车运行状态变量,表示列车在时刻是否到达车站(决策变量) | |
| 列车容量 | |
| 时段内,场景中车站的站外到达客流量 | |
| 时段内,场景中车站的换入客流量 | |
| 场景中列车离开车站的载客量 | |
| 场景中列车在车站的下客量 | |
| 场景中在车站等待列车的站外到达客流量 | |
| 场景中在车站等待列车的换乘客流量 | |
| 客流控制变量,表示在场景中,乘坐列车离开车站的实际人数(决策变量) | |
| 鲁棒客流控制变量,表示在场景中,在鲁棒客流控制策略下能够乘坐列车离开车站的人数(决策变量) | |
| 鲁棒客流控制变量,表示场景中允许在车站乘坐列车的客流量 | |
| 客流控制变量,表示场景中在车站实际乘坐列车的客流量 | |
| 时段内,场景中到达车站并前往车站的客流比例 | |
| 时段内,场景中换入车站并前往车站的客流比例 |
| Variables or constraints | Total number |
|---|---|
| Decision variables | |
| Decision variables | |
| Decision variables | |
| Decision variables | 2 |
| Decision variables | |
| Train timetable Eq. (2) | |
| Train timetable Eq. (3) | |
| Train timetable | |
| Train timetable Eq. (7) | |
| Train timetable Eq. (8) | 1 |
| Train timetable Eq. (9) | |
| Robust passenger flow control Eq. (11) | |
| Robust passenger flow control | |
| Remaining constraints in the model Eq. (35) |
| Risk-aversion parameter α | Tradeoff coefficient λ | Adjustable parameter Ψ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.10 | |||||
| Objective value | CPU time (s) | Objective value | CPU time (s) | Objective value | CPU time (s) | ||
| 0.95 | 0.1 | 17 767 833.3464 | 1336.645 | 17 769 921.0128 | 1181.031 | 17 771 819.6438 | 1657.806 |
| 0.5 | 17 771 866.8497 | 1482.181 | 17 772 870.7818 | 1234.462 | 17 773 845.5056 | 1615.507 | |
| 0.9 | 17 775 309.9180 | 1352.341 | 17 775 484.8424 | 1251.802 | 17 775 659.4888 | 1646.706 | |
| 0.05 | 0.1 | 17 766 970.0804 | 1471.173 | 17 769 336.2210 | 1177.698 | 17 771 531.4178 | 1472.486 |
| 0.5 | 17 767 989.3749 | 1580.820 | 17 770 350.0112 | 1574.838 | 17 772 497.5873 | 1338.949 | |
| 0.9 | 17 768 991.0045 | 1476.097 | 17 771 316.9863 | 1169.674 | 17 773 422.7690 | 1461.012 | |
| Risk-aversion parameter α | Tradeoff coefficient λ | Adjustable parameter Ψ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.10 | ||
| 0.95 | 0.1 | 0.006055% | 0.017805% | 0.028491% |
| 0.5 | 0.002938% | 0.008588% | 0.014072% | |
| 0.9 | 0.000492% | 0.001476% | 0.002459% | |
| 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.025960% | 0.039281% | 0.051640% |
| 0.5 | 0.012523% | 0.025810% | 0.037899% | |
| 0.9 | 0.006915% | 0.020006% | 0.031858% | |
| Instance | ζ1 | ζ2 | ζ2/ζ1 | Objective value | Obj. 1 | Obj. 2 | CPU time (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 1 | 0 | 1.000 00 | ∞ | 166 970.080 | 176.000 | 166 970.080 | 1563.642 |
| Case 2 | 0.000 01 | 1.000 00 | 100 000 | 166 970.082 | 176.000 | 166 970.080 | 1169.072 |
| Case 3 | 0.000 10 | 1.000 00 | 10 000 | 166 970.098 | 176.000 | 166 970.080 | 1355.917 |
| Case 4 | 0.001 00 | 1.000 00 | 1000 | 166 970.256 | 176.000 | 166 970.080 | 1376.100 |
| Case 5 | 0.010 00 | 1.000 00 | 100 | 166 971.840 | 176.000 | 166 970.080 | 1172.356 |
| Case 6 | 1.000 00 | 1.000 00 | 1 | 167 146.080 | 176.000 | 166 970.080 | 1401.422 |
| Case 7 | 1.000 00 | 0.010 00 | 0.01 | 1845.701 | 176.000 | 166 970.080 | 1181.674 |
| Case 8 | 1.000 00 | 0.000 01 | 0.000 01 | 177.677 | 176.000 | 167 697.539 | 1721.266 |
| Case 9 | 1.000 00 | 0 | 0 | 176.000 | 176.000 | 352 150.961 | 1099.210 |
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