在现代无线通信系统中，信噪比（SNR）是最重要的性能指标之一。当部件的其他射频（RF）性能设计良好时，无源互调（PIM）干扰可能成为限制系统SNR的重要因素。无论是基站、室内分布式天线系统还是卫星系统，都存在严格的PIM级别要求，以最大程度地减少干扰并增强多载波网络中的网络容量。尤其是5G无线通信等大功率、大带宽的系统，PIM干扰更严重。由于无源互调的复杂性和不确定性，测量是研究和评估无线通信系统无源互调性能的最重要手段。本文介绍了国际电工委员会（IEC）等标准组织推荐的当前主要PIM 测量方法，以及PIM 测量中的几个关键挑战及其解决方案（包括PIM 测试仪的设计、
PIM源的定位、紧凑型PIM暗室的设计，以及PIM暗室的评估方法）。这些挑战对于解决实际无线通信系统中设备可能出现的PIM问题具有重要意义。

In modern wireless communication systems, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is one of the most important performance indicators. When the other radio frequency (RF) performance of the components is well designed, passive intermodulation (PIM) interference may become an important factor limiting the system's SNR. Whether it is a base station, an indoor distributed antenna system, or a satellite system, there are stringent PIM level requirements to minimize interference and enhance network capacity in multicarrier networks. Especially for systems of high power and wide bandwidth such as 5G wireless communication, PIM interference is even more serious. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of PIM, measurement is the most important means to study and evaluate the PIM performance of wireless communication systems. In this review, the current main PIM measurement methods recommended by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and other standard organizations are introduced, and several key challenges in PIM measurement and their solutions (including the design of PIM tester, the location of the PIM sources, the design of compact PIM anechoic chambers, and the evaluation methods of PIM anechoic chambers) are highlighted. These challenges are of great significance to solve PIM problems that may arise during device characterization and verification in real wireless communication systems.