为实现全球艰巨的脱碳目标，电力系统需大规模整合可再生能源发电，这大大降低了系统惯量。除了系统惯量的降低，英国的输电系统还有一些特有的难题：其容量相对较小，同时又与其他输电系统分离，并且可再生资源在整个系统中的分布很大程度上不均匀。本文聚焦英国的输电系统，就低惯量系统中频率控制的相关挑战以及可能的解决方案提出了见解和建议。本文重点讨论了在不同时间尺度上发挥作用的三种主要技术：同步调相机、惯量模拟和快速频率响应。文中借鉴了英国最近的研究和开发项目，评估了其相对优势和局限性及其在解决未来低惯量系统频率控制难题方面的作用。

The ambitious global targets on decarbonization present the need for massive integration of renewable generation in power systems, resulting in a significant decrease in the system inertia. In addition to the reduction in system inertia, the transmission system in Great Britain (GB) faces some unique challenges owing to its relatively small capacity, while being decoupled from other transmission systems and with the renewable resources largely non-uniformly distributed across the system. This paper presents opinions and insights on the challenges associated with frequency control in a low-inertia system and the potential solutions from a GB perspective. In this paper, we focus on three main techniques that act over different time scales: synchronous condensers, inertia emulation, and fast frequency response. We evaluate their relative advantages and limitations with learnings from recent research and development projects in GB, along with the opinions on their roles in addressing the frequency control challenges in future low-inertia systems.