基于液冷的电池热管理系统快充-冷却耦合规划方法

陈思琦; 包能胜; Akhil Garg; 彭雄斌; 高亮

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.016

工程（英文） ›› 2021, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (8) : 1165 -1176. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.016

基于液冷的电池热管理系统快充-冷却耦合规划方法

陈思琦 ^a^,^b ,
包能胜 ^b ,
Akhil Garg ^a ,
彭雄斌 ^b ,
高亮 ^a

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A Fast Charging–Cooling Coupled Scheduling Method for a Liquid Cooling-Based Thermal Management System for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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摘要

高效的快速充电技术对电动汽车行驶里程的拓展十分重要。然而，锂离子电池在大电流充电倍率下会大量产热。为解决这一问题，急需一种高效的快速充电-冷却规划方法。此次研究针对锂离子电池组的快速充电过程，设计了一种配有微流道的基于液冷的热管理系统。基于81组实验数据，提出了一种基于神经网络的回归模型，由三个考虑以下输出的子模型构成：最高温度、温度标准差及功耗。训练后的子模型均呈现出较高的测试准确性（99.353%、97.332%和98.381%）。此回归模型用于预测一个设计方案全集的三个输出参数，此全集由不同充电阶段的充电电流倍率[0.5C、1C、1.5C、2C和2.5C（1C = 5 A）]，以及不同的冷却液流量（0.0006 kg·s^-1、0.0012 kg·s^-1和0.0018 kg·s^-1）组成。最终从预测得到的设计方案全集中筛选出一组最优过程方案，并经实验得到了验证。结果表明在功耗低于0.02 J的情况下电池组荷电状态（SOC）值经15 min充电后增长了0.5。同时最高温度和温度标准差可分别控制在33.35 ℃和0.8 ℃以内。本文所提出的方法可供电动汽车行业在实际快速充电工况下使用。此外，可以基于实验数据预测最佳快速充电-冷却计划，从而显著提高充电过程设计的效率，并控制冷却过程中的能耗。

Abstract

Efficient fast-charging technology is necessary for the extension of the driving range of electric vehicles. However, lithium-ion cells generate immense heat at high-current charging rates. In order to address this problem, an efficient fast charging–cooling scheduling method is urgently needed. In this study, a liquid cooling-based thermal management system equipped with mini-channels was designed for the fast-charging process of a lithium-ion battery module. A neural network-based regression model was proposed based on 81 sets of experimental data, which consisted of three sub-models and considered three outputs: maximum temperature, temperature standard deviation, and energy consumption. Each sub-model had a desirable testing accuracy (99.353%, 97.332%, and 98.381%) after training. The regression model was employed to predict all three outputs among a full dataset, which combined different charging current rates (0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, and 2.5C (1C = 5 A)) at three different charging stages, and a range of coolant rates (0.0006, 0.0012, and 0.0018 kg•s−1). An optimal charging–cooling schedule was selected from the predicted dataset and was validated by the experiments. The results indicated that the battery module's state of charge value increased by 0.5 after 15 min, with an energy consumption lower than 0.02 J. The maximum temperature and temperature standard deviation could be controlled within 33.35 and 0.8 °C, respectively. The approach described herein can be used by the electric vehicles industry in real fast-charging conditions. Moreover, optimal fast charging–cooling schedule can be predicted based on the experimental data obtained, that in turn, can significantly improve the efficiency of the charging process design as well as control energy consumption during cooling.

关键词

锂离子电池组 / 快速充电 / 神经网络回归 / 规划 / 荷电状态 / 功耗

Key words

Lithium-ion battery module / Fast-charging / Neural network regression / Scheduling / State of charge / Energy consumption

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陈思琦,包能胜,Akhil Garg,彭雄斌,高亮. 基于液冷的电池热管理系统快充-冷却耦合规划方法[J]. 工程（英文）, 2021, 7(8): 1165-1176 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.016

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1. 引言

鉴于化石燃料紧缺和温室气体排放的严重问题，全球交通运输业正致力于用清洁能源汽车替代传统汽车[1]。其中，可充电电池是发展电动汽车（EV）的核心技术，锂离子动力电池由于具有以下优点而被广泛应用于能量供应装置：①高能量密度；②高功率密度；③长循环寿命；④低自放电率。锂离子电池也被广泛应用于不同种类的储能设备[2]。然而，锂离子电池的性能对环境温度十分敏感。已有研究证明温度对锂离子电池的充/放电效率影响较大，这也阻碍了快速充电技术的发展。极端温度会加速电池老化、缩短电池寿命，甚至导致内短路。在快速充电过程中控制最高温度尤为重要[2-4]。此外，电池组温度分布的均匀性也会影响电池单体间的一致性，会导致电池组老化速率的不一致及性能的衰退。鉴于快速充电过程会产生大量的热，将电池组最高温度控制在25~40 ℃尤为重要。此外，电池组温度标准差（TSD）应控制在5 ℃以内[5-6]。

电池热管理系统由冷却功能部分和加热功能部分构成，此次研究致力于快速充电过程的冷却技术。至今已有多种涉及电池热管理的冷却技术，如风冷技术、液冷技术、基于相变材料的冷却技术，以及这些技术的结合。风冷技术凭借较低的成本和相对简单的结构成为电动汽车中应用最为广泛的方法。通过理论分析和实验验证，开展了大量研究以提升此方法的冷却效果。这些研究包括气流通道结构设计[7-8]、电池单体排布设计[9-11]以及电池热管理系统的控制方法[12]。然而，因为冷却剂（空气）较低的导热系数，风冷技术在如高温环境或高充/放电电流倍率工况等极端应用环境下无法提供足够的冷却效果[13]。

相变材料（PCM）因可改善电池组的温度分布均匀性的特点而被应用于热管理系统[14]。然而，因固有的导热系数较低的性能特点，相变材料长时间段冷却效果不足，目前无法被广泛应用于电动汽车[15]。近年来部分研究致力于相变材料在快速充电工况下的应用。为提升其导热系数，尝试将石蜡与铝、铜、石墨、石墨烯或六方氮化硼结合。然而，相变材料的潜热却因此结合而降低。此外，基于相变材料的热管理系统在快速充电工况下将占用大量的体积。8C（1C = 5 A）充电倍率下，体积增长量将是一般相变热管理系统的1.50~1.62倍[4,16-17]。

热管凭借汽-液相变的特点也被应用于电池热管理系统[18]。Rao等[19]通过试验探究了热管的冷却效果，结果表明在单体产热功率低于50 W的情况下，电池模组最高温度可控制在50 ℃内。Wu等[20]对自然对流、强制对流和热管技术进行了比较，并得出结论：热管对于控制温升具有较高的效率。然而，热管与电池间的有效换热面呈现“线接触”的特征，这导致了电池模组冷却性能不充分，同时存在较大的温度标准差[21]。Zhao等[22]设计了一款扁平状、内部配有微流道的热管，其与方壳电池接触良好，使其成为冷却结构设计的备选方案之一。

表1对不同热管理方法进行了比较。与其他冷却方法相比，液冷技术凭借更高的比热容、导热系数而具有更高的冷却效率，此外，这种方法可以带来更均匀的温度分布。然而，液冷系统相对更易出错，由于需要额外的设备（热管、泵或换热器），其装配和维护更复杂、昂贵[23]。然而入口、出口间的压差也无可避免地会产生能耗[23]。此外，模组中电池单体需被布置在绝热环境中以避免热失控。Mei等[24]建立了三种不同单元数的三维热电耦合模型，并通过试验在不同放电倍率（0.5C、1C、1.5C和2C）下对其进行验证。结果表明一个单元的模型的计算量更低，有利于绝热研究。此前有关液冷的研究大多集中于流道的结构设计[25-27]以及冷却介质的导热效果提升[28-30]。Chen等[31]提出了一种针对基于液冷的电池模组的优化设计方法，并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明电池模组的热特性（最高温度、温度标准差）经结构多目标优化设计得到了显著提升。基于液冷的热管理系统经验证在较宽的电流范围内有效。Panchal等[32]针对电池模组在4C放电倍率下设计了一种液冷板。一种倾泄式液冷结构被证明可将电池模组温度标准差从7 ℃减少到2 ℃ [33]。

表1 不同热管理系统的优缺点

Cooling method	Advantages	Disadvantages	Applicable type of vehicles
Air cooling	Simple structure and low cost	Large volume cost, low cooling efficiency, and easily influenced by the environment	Bus and car
Phase change material	Uniform temperature distribution	Large volume and mass cost, and high cost for replacement and maintenance	Currently being tested in the laboratory
Liquid cooling	High cooling efficiency, uniform temperature distribution, and continuous and stable cooling performance	High mass cost for equipment and high cost for maintenance	Car, logistics car, and sports car

此前的研究已证实了基于液冷的电池模组的优越性，电池组的最高温度和温度标准差可以控制在合适的范围内。但这些研究大多集中在液冷系统的结构设计和不同工况下基于液冷的电池模组的热性能上，对快充-冷却耦合的规划研究极少开展。为提升行驶范围和充电效率，开展快充规划很有必要。此外，为保证行驶安全、避免过热的同时温度的不均匀分布，快充过程的热管理也非常重要，而将快充过程与热管理结合的研究并不多。过程规划设计方案的选择过程实现了充电速度、冷却效率和功耗间的平衡，对电动汽车而言有实际应用价值。

此研究主要内容如下：

（1）针对锂离子电池模组设计了一种配有微流道的热管理系统；

（2）提出一种基于神经网络的回归模型，用于设计一种高效的快速充电-冷却耦合过程规划方案；

（3）回归模型被用于预测数据全集的三个结果，此数据全集由三个不同充电阶段的电流倍率（0.5C、1C、1.5C、2C和2.5C）和冷却液流速（0.0006 kg·s^-1、0.0012 kg·s^-1、0.0018 kg·s^-1）构成；

（4）通过设定限制条件，从预测得到的数据集中筛选出最优快速充电-冷却耦合过程规划方案；

（5）对最优过程规划方案进行试验验证。

2. 基于液冷的电池模组设计

2.1. 针对快速充电的冷却结构设计

基于液冷的电池模组如图1所示。此次研究选择一款容量为5 A·h的锂离子电池，其工作电压为3.20~3.65 V。8节方壳电池（鉴于电池测试设备的电压限制）被布置于液冷板顶端。电池中产生的热量经液冷板由微流道传导、散热，此结构在保证所占体积较小的同时可提供足够的热传导。电池单体间的侧面由隔热棉分隔，以避免电池单体间过热情况下的相互影响，此结构设计更接近于电动汽车的实际应用。

图1 基于液冷的锂离子电池模组示意图。（a）电池组示意图；（b）基于微流道的液冷板示意图。

铝合金7075凭借其高导热系数、低成本的特点被选择作为铣削加工液冷板的材料。防冻液被选择作为冷却液，由乙二醇（50%）和水（50%）混合而成。防冻液因为冰点较低常被用于电动汽车和传统汽车，尤其是高纬度地区。

2.2. 实验装置设计

实验装置如图2所示，8节电池单体串联连接，电池模组正负极与电池测试设备（BTS-4000，新威，中国）相连。4只K型热电偶黏在各电池单体的同一侧面以获取15 min快速充电过程的实时温度。压力传感器设置在液冷板入口处，测量实时入口压力。此电池模组温度及压力数据由数据记录仪（THM001，鹏合电子，中国）进行记录，且其数值由屏幕显示。一台电动蠕动管式泵（Kamoer Lab UIP，卡默尔，中国）用于提供液冷系统液流。实验室环境温度设为25 ℃。电池组荷电状态（state of charge, SOC）初始值在各组实验前放电至0.2。

图2 实验装置示意图。

3. 人工神经网络模型

3.1. 人工神经网络回归

人工神经网络是一种常用于数据分类或数据预测的机器学习模型。模型结构的构建基于数据和训练规则[34]。神经网络回归模型基于算法运用数据进行训练，随后可用于预测一组数据。

如图3所示，一个神经网络回归模型由许多节点/神经元构成，布置于多层（输入层、一层或多层隐藏层以及一层输出层）结构中[34-36]。各节点/神经元有一个激活函数，可计算多少神经元被“激活”。各层中节点/神经元的集合可传输输入参数，这些参数将被分布到下一层，具体可由式（1）、（2）和（3）进行描述：

z_{j}^{n} = \sum (w_{j i}^{(1)} x^{n - 1} i + w_{j 0}^{(1)})

（1）

a_{1}^{n} = \sum (w_{1 j}^{(2)} z^{n - 1} i + w_{10}^{(2)})

（2）

y_{1}^{n} = F (a_{i}^{n})

（3）

式中，x代表第一层的输入；z代表第一层的输出；i、j代表神经网络节点标号；

w_{j i}^{(l)}

代表第一层第j个节点和第

l + 1

层第i个节点间的权重；n表示层的标号；

F (a_{i}^{n})

代表经激活函数激活后第n + 1层第i个节点的输出参数值；w和w₀代表神经元间的权重和偏向，其测量沿着连接（突触）传递的数据的重要性；F(a)代表激活函数，其使用隐藏层的聚合输出来计算输出y [35,37]。

图3 神经网络示意图。x表示第一层的输入；z表示第一层的输出；y代表输出；i和j表示神经网络节点索引；x_i代表输入层的第i个输入；z_j表示第一层的第j次输出；

w j i l

表示第一层中的第j个节点和输入层中的第i个节点之间的权重。

初始权重和偏向为随机分配，训练过程持续到获得理想的输出，其可由价值函数，即式（4）进行评价。

E (w) = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{k = 1}^{K} y (x_{k}, w_{k}) - o_{k}^{2}

（4）

式中，o代表理想的输出；E(w) 代表评估培训过程的成本函数；w代表重量；k表示成本函数计算的指标。Levenberg-Marquardt（LM）被用于神经网络模型的训练过程，这是梯度下降的一种变化。在训练过程中，对神经网络模型的权重和偏向进行调整以使误差最小化，具体可由式（5）进行描述：

w^{n} = w^{n - 1} - (J^{T} {J + μ I)}^{- 1} J e^{n - 1}

（5）

式中，= $\partial E / \partial w$ 代表有关于权重w的全尺寸雅克比矩阵；代表标号矩阵；µ代表组合系数；e代表预测误差。

Levenberg-Marquardt算法开始于如式（1）、（2）和（3）所示的前向计算。输出层和隐藏层的预测误差可由式（6）、（7）和（8）表示：

e 1 (3) = y_{1} - o （6） δ_{1}^{(3)} = e_{1}^{(3)} （7） δ_{j}^{(2)} = w_{1 j} δ_{1}^{(3)} （8） 式中， δ 代表输出层的预测误差。 如式（9）和（10）所示，雅克比矩阵可由反向传播过程进行计算： \frac{\partial E}{\partial w_{j i}} = δ_{j}^{(2)} x_{i} （9） \frac{\partial E}{\partial w_{1 j}} = δ_{1}^{(3)} z_{j} （10） 3.2. 神经网络模型构成 如图4所示，整个充电过程被划分为三个阶段，每个阶段持续5 min。 I 1 、 I 2 和 I 3 代表各阶段充电电流； Q 代表充电过程冷却液流量； I 1 、 I 2 、 I 3 和 Q 被设为神经网络模型的输入参数。 图4 快速充电过程三阶段示意图。 本研究有以下三个目标参数：①最高温度（ T max ）；②温度标准差；③快速充电过程功耗（ W ）。这三个目标参数被设为神经网络模型（NN 1 、NN 2 、NN 3 ）的输出参数。 液冷系统功耗可由式（11）进行计算： W = \int P (t) d t （11） 式中， P 代表液冷系统功耗； t 代表时间。 温度标准差是基于所有温度传感器测得的温度值，可由式（12）进行计算： T S D = \sqrt[]{\frac{1}{32} \sum_{r = 1}^{32} (T_{r} {- \bar{T})}^{2}} （12） 式中， T 代表各温度传感器测得的温度值； \bar{T} 代表各温度传感器测得的温度平均值； r 代表电池单体编号。 所有训练数据均通过实验测得，试验中三阶段充电倍率如下：① 0.5C；② 1.5C；③ 2.5C。充电过程冷却液流量如下：① 36 mL·min -1 ；② 72 mL·min -1 ；③ 108 mL·min -1 。如图5所示，81组实验数据被用于模型训练过程。 图5 基于实验的训练数据构成。 理论容量的定义基于电极中所有活性物质参与电池的电化学反应的假设，具体处理为基于法拉第定律计算得到的理论最高值。此次研究中，电池理论容量为5 A·h。电池模组荷电状态值被用于评价充电效果，具体计算如式（13）所示： S O C = \frac{S O C_{0} + \int I (t) d t}{C a p a c i t y_{t h e o r i t i c a l}} \times 100 % （13） 式中， I 代表充电电流。 训练数据集及相应的荷电状态值如表2所示。 表2 神经网络模型训练数据集 Number Input parameters Evaluating parameter ∆SOC Output parameters I 1 (A) I 2 (A) I 3 (A) Q (mL·min -1) T max (K) TSD (K) W (J) 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 108 0.125000 26.1 0.4129 0.069725 2 7.5 2.5 2.5 108 0.208333 27.3 0.3682 0.063342 3 12.5 2.5 2.5 108 0.291667 28.3 0.5135 0.071086 4 2.5 7.5 2.5 108 0.208333 27.4 0.2596 0.084564 5 7.5 7.5 2.5 108 0.291667 27.6 0.3949 0.068818 6 12.5 7.5 2.5 108 0.375000 31.8 0.7023 0.084451 7 2.5 12.5 2.5 108 0.291667 29.1 0.5339 0.070259 8 7.5 12.5 2.5 108 0.375000 31.8 0.9332 0.077144 9 12.5 12.5 2.5 108 0.458333 32.3 0.8238 0.072041 10 2.5 2.5 7.5 108 0.208333 27.4 0.3809 0.069482 11 7.5 2.5 7.5 108 0.291667 28.5 0.4258 0.062953 12 12.5 2.5 7.5 108 0.375000 30.6 0.8403 0.072074 13 2.5 7.5 7.5 108 0.291667 28.1 0.3837 0.073613 14 7.5 7.5 7.5 108 0.375000 31.6 0.7798 0.072317 15 12.5 7.5 7.5 108 0.458333 33.2 0.9740 0.081875 16 2.5 12.5 7.5 108 0.375000 32.7 0.6894 0.075719 17 7.5 12.5 7.5 108 0.458333 32.4 0.7955 0.087269 18 12.5 12.5 7.5 108 0.541667 35.1 1.1011 0.073321 19 2.5 2.5 12.5 108 0.291667 30.9 0.5572 0.079315 20 7.5 2.5 12.5 108 0.375000 30.6 0.6335 0.072236 21 12.5 2.5 12.5 108 0.458333 32.3 0.7241 0.083608 22 2.5 7.5 12.5 108 0.375000 30.2 0.5730 0.069498 23 7.5 7.5 12.5 108 0.458333 32.0 0.7632 0.080449 24 12.5 7.5 12.5 108 0.541667 34.3 1.1734 0.083981 25 2.5 12.5 12.5 108 0.458333 29.4 0.5591 0.094235 26 7.5 12.5 12.5 108 0.541667 35.3 0.9918 0.074471 27 12.5 12.5 12.5 108 0.625000 38.0 1.4759 0.075411 28 2.5 2.5 2.5 36 0.125000 26.8 0.2462 0.015973 29 7.5 2.5 2.5 36 0.208333 27.2 0.4668 0.019013 30 12.5 2.5 2.5 36 0.291667 28.8 0.5869 0.020596 31 2.5 7.5 2.5 36 0.208333 26.8 0.6606 0.019694 32 7.5 7.5 2.5 36 0.291667 28.4 0.3939 0.021778 33 12.5 7.5 2.5 36 0.375000 29.2 0.6031 0.017685 34 2.5 12.5 2.5 36 0.291667 28.6 0.5454 0.023150 35 7.5 12.5 2.5 36 0.375000 31.1 0.7081 0.016902 36 12.5 12.5 2.5 36 0.458333 33.7 0.7630 0.019591 37 2.5 2.5 7.5 36 0.208333 27.1 0.5199 0.021292 38 7.5 2.5 7.5 36 0.291667 27.3 0.4634 0.018824 39 12.5 2.5 7.5 36 0.375000 31.8 0.5669 0.018619 40 2.5 7.5 7.5 36 0.291667 28.2 0.5400 0.019219 41 7.5 7.5 7.5 36 0.375000 30.3 0.7927 0.020504 42 12.5 7.5 7.5 36 0.458333 32.1 0.6227 0.020407 43 2.5 12.5 7.5 36 0.375000 30.3 0.4976 0.020957 44 7.5 12.5 7.5 36 0.458333 32.8 0.6300 0.020682 45 12.5 12.5 7.5 36 0.541667 33.8 0.8014 0.018479 46 2.5 2.5 12.5 36 0.291667 28.7 0.5205 0.020585 47 7.5 2.5 12.5 36 0.375000 31.1 0.5642 0.016524 48 12.5 2.5 12.5 36 0.458333 33.5 0.7250 0.021827 49 2.5 7.5 12.5 36 0.375000 33.7 1.1370 0.017167 50 7.5 7.5 12.5 36 0.458333 32.2 0.5482 0.018571 51 12.5 7.5 12.5 36 0.541667 34.2 0.8794 0.018630 52 2.5 12.5 12.5 36 0.458333 34.1 1.3452 0.018808 53 7.5 12.5 12.5 36 0.541667 33.6 0.9299 0.022351 54 12.5 12.5 12.5 36 0.625000 35.4 0.9096 0.023992 55 2.5 2.5 2.5 72 0.125000 26.2 0.3001 0.041008 56 7.5 2.5 2.5 72 0.208333 26.7 0.3742 0.046310 57 12.5 2.5 2.5 72 0.291667 29.0 0.5135 0.046926 58 2.5 7.5 2.5 72 0.208333 26.7 0.4392 0.049216 59 7.5 7.5 2.5 72 0.291667 28.4 0.4938 0.051646 60 12.5 7.5 2.5 72 0.375000 30.1 0.4827 0.039182 61 2.5 12.5 2.5 72 0.291667 28.4 0.4117 0.039064 62 7.5 12.5 2.5 72 0.375000 30.4 0.4655 0.043211 63 12.5 12.5 2.5 72 0.458333 32.7 0.7315 0.044064 64 2.5 2.5 7.5 72 0.208333 27.5 0.6321 0.041278 65 7.5 2.5 7.5 72 0.291667 27.6 0.4295 0.044345 66 12.5 2.5 7.5 72 0.375000 30.0 0.5010 0.048924 67 2.5 7.5 7.5 72 0.291667 27.9 0.4536 0.047855 68 7.5 7.5 7.5 72 0.375000 29.7 0.3648 0.037930 69 12.5 7.5 7.5 72 0.458333 32.7 0.7269 0.037552 70 2.5 12.5 7.5 72 0.375000 30.4 0.7312 0.044539 71 7.5 12.5 7.5 72 0.458333 31.9 0.7326 0.045144 72 12.5 12.5 7.5 72 0.541667 34.1 0.7250 0.042120 73 2.5 2.5 12.5 72 0.291667 29.0 0.5479 0.054475 74 7.5 2.5 12.5 72 0.375000 31.1 0.6193 0.047423 75 12.5 2.5 12.5 72 0.458333 34.4 1.1914 0.040241 76 2.5 7.5 12.5 72 0.375000 31.3 0.5785 0.052909 77 7.5 7.5 12.5 72 0.458333 33.3 0.8902 0.049464 78 12.5 7.5 12.5 72 0.541667 35.9 1.0829 0.049399 79 2.5 12.5 12.5 72 0.458333 33.3 0.7716 0.055804 80 7.5 12.5 12.5 72 0.541667 35.6 1.0460 0.044712 81 12.5 12.5 12.5 72 0.625000 36.9 1.0378 0.052693 3.3. 神经网络回归模型结构 不同于一些电池的基于行为的控制方程，神经网络回 归模型是一种“黑箱”模型，无法提供模型隐藏层如何工作的视角。此外，非线性神经网络回归模型存在两个问题：①欠拟合或过度拟合；②训练过程可能停滞于局部最优。 为获得更好的回归效果，提出了一些解决方法：①输入参数预处理，这样可以从数据中提取一些有代表性的特征；②提升训练数据集的整体比例以覆盖预期运行范围；③遇到未知的用法配置文件时，为提升训练质量进行详尽的交叉验证[34]。 三个神经网络回归子模型的构成如表3所示。每个模型由三层构成，这些模型的训练过程设计有着相同的激活函数（前馈Levenberg-Marquardt反向传播法）。如图6所示，传统的神经网络模型可分为三个子模型，每一个有着不同的目标参数（输出参数）。每个输入层由四个输入参数（ I 1 、 I 2 、 I 3 和 Q ）构成，而后是隐藏层。输出参数的评估对每一个输入层进行响应，输入层节点数量显示了模型输入参数的数量。为获得连续性的结果，隐藏层将被注入另一个聚合层，然后结合前面层的结果，并将其注入输出层。为避免过度拟合和欠拟合，隐藏层设置两个节点/神经元以获得理想的回归效果。81组实验数据中，73组（90%）用于训练，4组（5%）用于验证，4组（5%）用于测试。神经网络回归训练过程设置了1000个训练阶段数。 表3 三个神经网络回归子模型的构成 Model Input parameters Output parameter NN 1 I 1, I 2, I 3, Q T max NN 2 I 1, I 2, I 3, Q TSD NN 3 I 1, I 2, I 3, Q W 图6 本研究所提出的神经网络模型示意图。 3.4. 神经网络模型回归性能评估 如3.3节所描述，Levenberg-Marquardt反向传播方法被采用，通过引入纯误差反向传播和最快速下降方法提升模型训练速度，此算法保证了所训练模型的准确性。 神经网络回归模型在所设计模型结构、输入参数、节点数的设定下展开训练。模型训练和预测/评估准确性通过平均绝对误差（MSE）进行评估，具体由式（14）进行描述： e_{a v g} = \frac{1}{M} \sum_{m = 1}^{M} |O u t p u t_{m} - O u t p u t_{r, m}| （14） 式中， e avg 代表平均绝对误差； M 代表数据点数量；Output 代表第 m 个预测的输出参数；Output r 代表第 m 个参数输出参数。神经网络预测的最小误差被证实在每个输出参数预测层节点数设置为2时最小。 神经网络回归子模型的训练过程如图7所示。通过以上神经网络结构设计，预测性能可得到提升，在训练过程中三个回归子模型在初始化后都达到了理想的误差收敛速度。 图7 三个神经网络回归子模型的训练过程示意图。（a）NN 1 的训练过程；（b）NN 2 的训练过程；（c）NN 3 的训练过程。Mu：衰减系数；Gamk：显示频率；ssX：膨胀因子；Val fail：验证失败时长。 如图8所示，训练过程可实现较高的拟合准确性。对于训练过程，NN 1 、NN 2 和NN 3 的拟合准确率分别为95.123%、82.866%和98.142%；测试过程NN 1 、NN 2 和NN 3 的拟合准确率分别为99.353%、97.332%和98.381%；NN 1 、NN 2 和NN 3 的整体拟合准确率分别为95.478%、83.496%和98.049%。三个神经网络回归子模型呈现出较高的准确性，尤其是在测试过程中，输出参数的预测值与参考值较为接近。预测得到的功耗与测量值之间存在较小差别，但相差在容许范围内。结果表明输入参数与输出参数间的关系已较好地建立起来，三个子模型具有较好的回归性能，因而所做预测/评估较为可靠。 图8 三个神经网络回归子模型回归性能。（a）NN 1 的回归性能；（b）NN 2 的回归性能；（c）NN 3 的回归性能。Y=T：理想状态下拟合率为100%的趋势线；Y：输出；T：目标。 三个神经网络回归模型的误差直方图如图9所示。对于本研究所提出的三个神经网络回归子模型，20个柱呈高斯分布，证明此次训练数据具有代表性。 图9 神经网络回归模型误差直方图。（a）NN 1 的误差直方图；（b）NN 2 的误差直方图；（c）NN 3 的误差直方图。误差=目标 - 输出。 4. 最优充电-冷却过程规划选择与实验验证 4.1. 基于回归模型的快速充电-冷却过程规划评估 神经网络回归模型被用于评估给定输入参数组合的结果。预测所得结果与实验结果参考值对比证明训练所得模型的准确性和稳定性。 基于快速充电技术电流倍率特点，五个充电倍率被选择应用于快速充电三个阶段：① 0.5C；② 1C；③ 1.5C；④ 2C；⑤ 2.5C。三个冷却液流量被选择应用于充电过程：① 36 mL·min -1 ；② 72 mL·min -1 ；③ 108 mL·min -1 。图10展示了快充过程设计的各种组合。 图10 快充过程设计的各种组合。 数据全集中含有375组快速充电-冷却过程规划设计方案，各方案的最高温度、温度标准差和功耗通过所提出的三个神经网络回归子模型（NN 1 、NN 2 、NN 3 ）进行预测。这些快速充电-冷却过程规划方案的具体信息和荷电状态值如Appendix A中的表S1所示。 4.2. 最优充电-冷却过程规划方案筛选 为获得最高效的快速充电过程规划方案，电池模组的热特性（最高温度和温度标准差）应得到控制，电池模组的荷电状态值应在短时间内充至较高值，同时冷却系统的功耗应得到控制。 在本研究中，最优快速充电-冷却过程规划方案选择的具体要求如下： （1）电池模组的荷电状态值在快充过程（15 min）后可增长0.5； （2）电池模组最高温度可控制在306.5 K（33.35 ℃）以内； （3）电池模组温度标准差可控制在0.8 ℃以内； （4）快速充电过程冷却系统功耗控制在0.02 J以内。 以上限制条件对筛选一个详尽、可靠的充电-冷却过程规划方案十分重要。冷却效果、温度分布均匀性、充电速度和功耗同等重要。具体筛选标准如式（15）所示： \{\begin{array}{l} Δ S O C \geq 0.5 T_{m a x} \leq 33.35 ℃ T S D \leq 0.8 ℃ W \leq 0.02 J （15） 规划方案50被选为最优快速充电-冷却过程规划方案，对其采用上述实验设备进行了验证。 4.3. 实验验证 图11~12分别展示了规划方案50的温升曲线和入口压力曲线。 图11 规划方案50的温升曲线。 图12 规划方案50的入口压力曲线。 最优快速充电-冷却过程规划方案的预测值和实验数据比较如表4所示。 表4 筛选所得最优快速充电-冷却过程规划方案的预测值和实验数据比较 Parameter I 1 (A) I 2 (A) I 3 (A) Q (mL·min -1) ∆SOC T max (K) TSD (K) W (J) Predicted data 12.5 12.5 5.0 36 0.5 33.268 0.725872 0.019196 Experimental validation 12.5 12.5 5.0 36 0.5 32.800 0.680500 0.017502 如结果所示，预测值与实验值相差在可容许范围内。最高温度、温度标准差和冷却系统功耗的偏差分别为0.468 ℃、0.045327 ℃ 和0.001694 J。这证明了所提出的三个神经网络回归子模型的预测准确性。此模型可在较低成本下用于快速充电-冷却耦合规划。 5. 结论与未来的工作 本文针对快速充电-冷却耦合过程规划，提出了一种基于神经网络的回归模型，可显著节省快速充电和冷却过程设计的时间和成本。所提出的模型可实现理想的回归效果，而所设计模型结构使预测更准确。本文结论如下。 （1）此模型基于81组实验数据进行训练，由三个考虑以下目标参数的子模型构成：最高温度、温度标准差和冷却系统功耗的偏差。回归结果在测试环节呈现较高的准确率：99.353%、97.332%和98.381%。 （2）回归模型被用于预测由三个充电阶段更宽范围充电倍率（0.5C、1C、1.5C、2C和2.5C）和冷却液流量（0.0006 kg·s -1 、0.0012 kg·s -1 和0.0018 kg·s -1 ）所构成的数据集合的目标参数值。此外，通过对所预测数据集的目标参数值进行限制，可筛选出最优快速充电-冷却过程规划方案。 （3）最优过程规划方案经实验验证，结果表明电池模组的荷电状态值在15 min充电过程后增长了0.5；此过程冷却系统功耗可控制在0.02 J；最高温度和温度标准差分别控制在33.35 ℃和0.8 ℃以内。 此方法可用于电动汽车的实际快速充电工况，实验数据可用于回归训练，用于预测最优快速充电-冷却过程规划方案，显著提升充电过程设计效率并控制冷却过程功耗。 未来的工作可致力于开发、训练覆盖更多工况的神经网络模型，环境温度变化及电池老化也可以被考虑到研究当中。 参考文献 原文顺序 | 出版日期 | 本文引用 [1] Fathabadi H. 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Reciprocating air flow for Li-ion battery thermal management to improve temperature uniformity. J Power Sources 2011;196 (13):5685–96. [13] Fathabadi H. High thermal performance lithium-ion battery pack including hybrid active–passive thermal management system for using in hybrid/electric vehicles. Energy 2014;70:529–38. [14] Sabbah R, Kizilel R, Selman JR. Active (air-cooled) vs. passive (phase change material) thermal management of high power lithium-ion packs: limitation of temperature rise and uniformity of temperature distribution. J Power Sources 2008;182(2):630–8. [15] Wu W, Yang X, Zhang G. Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of heat pipe-assisted phase change material based battery thermal management system. Energy Convers Manage 2017;138:486–92. [16] Zheng Y, Shi Y, Huang Y. Optimisation with adiabatic interlayers for liquiddominated cooling system on fast charging battery packs. Appl Therm Eng 2019;147:636–46. [17] Li J, Huang J, Cao M. Properties enhancement of phase-change materials via silica and Al honeycomb panels for the thermal management of LiFeO4 batteries. Appl Therm Eng 2018;131:660–8. [18] Park Y, Jun S, Kim S, Lee DH. Design optimization of a loop heat pipe to cool a lithium ion battery onboard a military aircraft. J Mech Sci Technol 2010;24 (2):609–18. [19] Rao Z, Wang S, Wu M, Lin Z, Li F. Experimental investigation on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe. Energy Convers Manage 2013;65:92–7. [20] Wu MS, Liu KH, Wang YY, Wan CC. Heat dissipation design for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 2002;109(1):160–6. [21] Ye Y, Bernard LHS, Shi Y, Tay AAO. Numerical analyses on optimizing a heat pipe thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries during fast charging. Appl Therm Eng 2015;86:281–91. [22] Zhao Y, Zhang K, Diao Y, inventors; Guangwei Hetong Energy Technology Beijing Co. Ltd., assignee. Heat pipe with micro-pore tubes array and making method thereof and heat exchanging system. US patent US 20110203777 A1. 2011 Aug 25. [23] Khateeb SA, Farid MM, Selman JR, Al-Hallaj S. Design and simulation of a lithium-ion battery with a phase change material thermal management system for an electric scooter. J Power Sources 2004;128(2):292–307. [24] Mei W, Duan Q, Zhao C, Lu W, Sun J, Wang Q. Three-dimensional layered electrochemical-thermal model for a lithium-ion pouch cell. Part II. The effect of units number on the performance under adiabatic condition during the discharge. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2020;148:119082. [25] Jarrett A, Kim IY. Design optimization of electric vehicle battery cooling plates for thermal performance. J Power Sources 2011;196(23): 10359–68. [26] Qian Z, Li Y, Rao Z. Thermal performance of lithium-ion battery thermal management system by using mini-channel cooling. Energy Convers Manage 2016;126:622–31. [27] Basu S, Hariharan KS, Kolake SM. Coupled electrochemical thermal modelling of a novel Li-ion battery pack thermal management system. Appl Energy 2016;181:1–13. [28] Huo Y, Rao Z. The numerical investigation of nanofluid based cylinder battery thermal management using lattice Boltzmann method. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2015;91:374–84. [29] Yang XH, Tan SC, Liu J. Thermal management of Li-ion battery with liquid metal. Energy Convers Manage 2016;117:577–85. [30] Wu F, Rao Z. The lattice Boltzmann investigation of natural convection for nanofluid based battery thermal management. Appl Therm Eng 2017;115:659–69. [31] Chen S, Peng X, Bao N. A comprehensive analysis and optimization process for an integrated liquid cooling plate for a prismatic lithium-ion battery module. Appl Therm Eng 2019;156:324–39. [32] Panchal S, Dincer I, Agelinchaab M. Thermal modeling and validation of temperature distributions in a prismatic lithium-ion battery at different discharge rates and varying boundary conditions. Appl Therm Eng 2016;96:190–9. [33] Zhang T, Gao Q, Wang G. Investigation on the promotion of temperature uniformity for the designed battery pack with liquid flow in cooling process. Appl Therm Eng 2017;116:655–62. [34] Tong S, Lacap JH, Park JW. Battery state of charge estimation using a loadclassifying neural network. J Energy Storage 2016;7:236–43. [35] Kalogirou SA. Artificial neural networks in renewable energy systems applications: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2001;5(4): 373–401. [36] Shen WX, Chan CC, Lo EWC, Chau KT. A new battery available capacity indicator for electric vehicles using neural network. Energy Convers Manage 2002;43(6):817–26. [37] Cheng B, Bai Z, Cao B. State of charge estimation based on evolutionary neural network. Energy Convers Manage 2008;49(10):2788–94. 基金资助 () AI Summary 中 Eng × 说明：请注意，以下内容是人工智能生成的。本网站不对与使用此内容相关的任何后果承担责任。 AI Summary AI Mindmap × Share on WeChat jQuery(function(){
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        "summaryEn": `\\#\\#\\# Summary and Abstract\n\n**Research Background**\nThe inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in universities is a current hotspot in aesthetic education. This study focuses on exploring the significance, necessity, and practical modes and pathways of inheriting Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, aiming to enhance students' ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity, while also promoting their comprehensive development.\n\n**Research Methods**\nThe research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and practical exploration. Through literature review, case studies, and empirical research, the study investigates the current status and challenges of Chinese ethnic music culture inheritance in medical universities and proposes a "4+3+5" inheritance mode and pathway.\n\n**Experimental Design**\nThe "4+3+5" mode is based on "four combinations" (knowledge teaching and practical experience, intra-school and extra-school cooperation, cultural inheritance and innovation projects, aesthetic education and ideological education), supported by "three measures" (strengthening curriculum construction, optimizing resource integration, and ensuring conditions), and implemented through "five paths" (aesthetic education teaching, campus cultural activities, inter-school and international exchanges, social practice services, and college student innovation and entrepreneurship).\n\n**Results and Analysis**\nThe implementation of the "4+3+5" mode in Sichuan University has achieved significant results. It has effectively promoted the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture among medical students, enhanced their aesthetic abilities and cultural qualities, and cultivated their teamwork and innovative spirits. The study also finds that music has a positive auxiliary effect on medical treatment, which can help improve patients' physical and mental health.\n\n**Overall Conclusion**\nThe inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities is of great significance. The "4+3+5" mode proposed in this study provides an effective pathway for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, which helps to enhance students' comprehensive qualities and promote their all-round development.\n\n**Paper Review**\nThis paper systematically explores the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, with clear research ideas and practical research methods. The proposed "4+3+5" mode is innovative and operable, providing valuable references for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in universities.\n\n**Ten Questions and Answers**\n\n1. **Q: What is the main research content of this paper?**  \n   A: This paper mainly studies the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in the aesthetic education of medical universities, aiming to explore effective ways to promote the inheritance and development of Chinese ethnic music culture among medical students.\n\n2. **Q: Why is it necessary to inherit Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities?**  \n   A: Inheriting Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities can enhance students' ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity, promote their comprehensive development, and also help them better serve the national medical cause by utilizing the auxiliary medical effects of music.\n\n3. **Q: What is the "4+3+5" mode proposed in this paper?**  \n   A: The "4+3+5" mode refers to an inheritance mode and pathway based on "four combinations," supported by "three measures," and implemented through "five paths." It aims to comprehensively promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities.\n\n4. **Q: How does the "4+3+5" mode promote the inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture?**  \n   A: By integrating knowledge teaching with practical experience, intra-school and extra-school cooperation, cultural inheritance with innovation projects, and aesthetic education with ideological education, the "4+3+5" mode creates a dynamic and cooperative educational environment that effectively promotes the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.\n\n5. **Q: What are the "three measures" in the "4+3+5" mode?**  \n   A: The "three measures" refer to strengthening curriculum construction and aesthetic activity innovation, optimizing the integration of aesthetic education and ethnic music cultural resources, and ensuring conditions for aesthetic education and cultural inheritance work, such as strengthening teacher training, improving facilities, and enhancing campus cultural environment.\n\n6. **Q: How does the "five paths" approach implement the inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture?**  \n   A: The "five paths" include aesthetic education teaching, campus cultural activities, inter-school and international exchanges, social practice services, and college student innovation and entrepreneurship. These paths provide diverse platforms and opportunities for students to learn, experience, and innovate Chinese ethnic music culture.\n\n7. **Q: What are the benefits of implementing the "4+3+5" mode in medical universities?**  \n   A: Implementing the "4+3+5" mode can enhance students' aesthetic abilities and cultural qualities, cultivate their teamwork and innovative spirits, and promote their comprehensive development. It also helps to improve the quality of medical services by utilizing the auxiliary medical effects of music.\n\n8. **Q: How does this paper contribute to the field of aesthetic education in medical universities?**  \n   A: This paper provides a comprehensive and innovative framework for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, enriching the theoretical and practical research in the field of aesthetic education and offering valuable references for other universities.\n\n9. **Q: What are the limitations of this study?**  \n   A: This study mainly focuses on the inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities, with limited exploration of other aspects such as the specific effects of music therapy in medical practice. Future research can further explore these aspects.\n\n10. **Q: How can the "4+3+5" mode be promoted and applied in other universities?**  \n    A: The "4+3+5" mode can be promoted and applied in other universities by sharing successful cases, conducting academic exchanges, and providing training and guidance. Universities can also combine their own characteristics and resources to adapt and innovate the mode to better serve their educational goals.\n\n**Key Points Extraction**\n- The inheritance of Chinese ethnic music culture in medical universities is necessary and significant.\n- The "4+3+5" mode provides an effective pathway for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.\n- The implementation of the "4+3+5" mode can enhance students' comprehensive qualities and promote their all-round development.\n- The auxiliary medical effects of music should be further explored and applied in medical practice.\n- Universities should strengthen cooperation and exchanges to promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese ethnic music culture.`,
        "summaryCn": '\\# 总结摘要\n\n\\#\\# 研究背景\n\n中国民族音乐文化作为中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，其传承与发展在当今社会具有重要意义。特别是在医科大学美育教育中，传承中国民族音乐文化不仅能够增强大学生的民族意识、民族自信和民族认同感，还能发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力，提高大学生的综合素质，促进全面发展。因此，本研究旨在探索中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式与路径。\n\n\\#\\# 研究方法\n\n本研究采用文献综述、实证研究、案例分析等方法，结合四川大学美育教育的实践经验，对中国民族音乐文化的传承模式与路径进行深入探讨。\n\n\\#\\# 实验设计\n\n研究通过构建“4+3+5”传承模式与路径，即以“四个结合”为基础、“三项措施”为保障、“五条路径”为抓手，来实施中国民族音乐文化传承教育。具体实验设计包括加强第一课堂与第二课堂的融合、建立校地合作平台、依托大学生创新创业项目等。\n\n\\#\\# 结果与分析\n\n研究结果显示，“4+3+5”传承模式与路径在医科大学美育教育中取得了显著成效。通过知识讲授与实践体验相结合、校内与校外结合、文化传承与“双创”项目结合、审美教育与思政教育结合，有效提升了学生对中国民族音乐文化的认知度和兴趣。同时，加强课程建设与美育活动创新、优化整合美育教育与民族音乐文化资源、加大美育教育与民族文化传承工作的条件保障等措施，为传承活动提供了有力支持。五条路径的实施更是将中国民族音乐文化传承贯穿于课堂教学、课外活动、文化氛围、网络空间等多个维度，实现了全方位、多层次的传承。\n\n\\#\\# 总体结论\n\n中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承模式和路径探索具有可行性和有效性。通过“4+3+5”传承模式与路径的实施，不仅能够提升学生的综合素质和审美能力，还能促进中国民族音乐文化的传承与发展。未来，应进一步锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长和个性化需求相结合等问题，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 论文点评\n\n该论文选题新颖，具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究方法科学合理，实验设计严谨可行。结果分析深入透彻，总体结论具有说服力。论文结构清晰，逻辑严密，语言流畅。然而，论文在探讨具体传承措施和路径时，可进一步细化操作细节和案例分析，以增强研究的实用性和可操作性。\n\n\\#\\# 论文十问\n\n问题1. **中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的传承有何重要意义？**\n答案：传承中国民族音乐文化能够增强医学生的民族意识、民族自信和民族认同感，提升综合素质，同时发挥民族音乐的医疗辅助效力，促进医患沟通理解和情感交流。\n\n问题2. **“4+3+5”传承模式与路径具体包括哪些内容？**\n答案：“4+3+5”传承模式与路径包括“四个结合”（知识讲授与实践体验、校内与校外、文化传承与“双创”项目、审美教育与思政教育）、“三项措施”（加强课程建设与美育活动创新、优化整合资源、加大条件保障）和“五条路径”（美育教育教学、校园文化活动、校际国际交流、社会实践服务、大学生创新创业）。\n\n问题3. **如何加强第一课堂与第二课堂的融合？**\n答案：通过理论教学指导学生参与中国民族音乐文化的传承、保护与创新创作活动，在实践活动中融入理论知识，实现第一课堂与第二课堂的有机融合。\n\n问题4. **校地合作平台在传承中扮演什么角色？**\n答案：校地合作平台为学生开辟社会实践学习通道和演出通道，引导学生个体、学校群体、社会整体的相互联动，积极整合吸引各种社会资源和教育资源。\n\n问题5. **如何依托大学生创新创业项目促进民族音乐治疗科研创新？**\n答案：以大学生创新创业项目为依托，加强中国民族音乐治疗科研创新，促进科研成果转化，培养学生创新创造能力。\n\n问题6. **美育课程建设在传承中起到什么作用？**\n答案：美育课程建设是传承的基础，通过开设中华文化美育必修课程、美育类模块课程等，落实美育课程开设刚性要求，提升学生审美素养。\n\n问题7. **如何优化整合美育教育和文化传承资源？**\n答案：加强与民族大学、民族艺术团、民族博物馆等的工作联系与沟通，邀请高水平老师参加学生艺术团建设和指导，办好各类音乐活动。\n\n问题8. **社会实践服务在传承中有哪些具体形式？**\n答案：社会实践服务包括“大川文艺轻骑兵”服务进社区、中小学、医院、农村等活动，实现人才培养与服务地方的双向联动。\n\n问题9. **如何鼓励大学生创新创业团队参与传承研究工作？**\n答案：鼓励学生组建科研兴趣小组和团队，参与地方非物质文化遗产的传承研究工作，参加各类创新创业比赛和社会实践。\n\n问题10. **论文对未来传承模式与路径的探索有何建议？**\n答案：论文建议未来应锐意创新，解决美育教育与学生专业成长和个性化需求相结合等问题，实现美育教育与医学专业教育的优化组合。\n\n\\#\\# 要点提炼\n\n- **研究背景**：强调中国民族音乐文化在医科大学美育教育中的重要性。\n- **研究方法**：采用文献综述、实证研究、案例分析等方法。\n- **实验设计**：构建“4+3+5”传承模式与路径。\n- **结果与分析**：传承模式与路径取得显著成效，提升学生认知度和兴趣。\n- **总体结论**：传承模式和路径具有可行性和有效性，需进一步创新优化。\n- **论文点评**：选题新颖，方法科学，结论有说服力，但可进一步细化操作细节。\n- **论文十问**：涵盖传承意义、模式内容、具体措施、资源整合、科研创新等方面。\n- **要点提炼**：总结研究背景、方法、实验设计、结果、结论及未来建议。',
        "mindMapEn": `\\# Inheritance mode and pathway of Chinese ethnic music culture in aesthetic education of medical universities\n\n\\#\\# Abstract\n- **[Keywords]**\n  - Chinese ethnic music culture; heritage; medical university; aesthetic education; inheritance mode; pathway\n\n\\#\\# Introduction\n- **[Significance and Necessity]**\n  - Enhancing ethnic consciousness, self-confidence, and sense of identity\n  - Medical auxiliary effects of folk music\n  - Preserving and disseminating ethnic music and culture\n  - Improving comprehensive quality and promoting all-round development\n\n\\#\\# Section 1: Significance & Necessity of Inheriting Chinese Ethnic Music in Medical Universities\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.1 Promoting Chinese Aesthetic Education Spirit\n- **[Enhancing Cultural Awareness and Innovation]**\n  - Ministry of Education's emphasis on cultural inheritance\n- **[Implementing Aesthetic Education]**\n  - Infusing aesthetics into all aspects of education\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.2 Medical Auxiliary Efficacy of Ethnic Music\n- **[Research on Music Therapy]**\n  - Regulation of respiration, heart rate, blood flow\n- **[Traditional and Modern Practices]**\n  - "Five Tones Therapy" in ancient China\n  - Modern applications in clinical settings\n\n\\#\\#\\# 1.3 Synergistic Development of Aesthetic Education and Ethnic Music Inheritance\n- **[Educational Function of Music]**\n  - Inspiring learning enthusiasm and creative spirit\n- **[Protecting and Inheriting Ethnic Music]**\n  - Preservation in museums and educational institutions\n\n\\#\\# Section 2: Inheritance Mode and Pathway of Chinese Ethnic Music Culture\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.1 Four Combinations in Inheritance Education\n- **[Knowledge Teaching and Practical Experience]**\n  - Integration of first and second classrooms\n- **[Intra- and Extra-Campus Collaboration]**\n  - Establishing cooperation platforms\n- **[Cultural Inheritance and Innovation Projects]**\n  - Integrating innovation into ethnic music therapy\n- **[Aesthetic and Ideological Education]**\n  - Combining aesthetics with moral education\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.2 Three Measures for Inheritance Education\n- **[Reforming Aesthetic Education]**\n  - Focusing on aesthetics, humanity, and innovation\n- **[Curriculum and Activity Innovation]**\n  - Enhancing curriculum construction and artistic practices\n- **[Resource Optimization and Conditional Support]**\n  - Strengthening faculty, facilities, and cultural environment\n\n\\#\\#\\# 2.3 Five Paths in the Inheritance Process\n- **[Aesthetic Education Teaching]**\n  - Incorporating ethnic music into curriculum and lectures\n- **[Campus Cultural Activities]**\n  - Organizing performances and workshops\n- **[Inter-School and International Exchanges]**\n  - Promoting cultural exchange through concerts and salons\n- **[Social Practice Services]**\n  - Volunteering and community engagement\n- **[Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship]**\n  - Encouraging research and entrepreneurship in ethnic music\n\n\\#\\# Conclusion\n- **[Continuous Innovation and Development]**\n  - Addressing challenges and integrating aesthetic education with medical education\n- **[Importance of Ethnic Music in Medical Education]**\n  - Highlighting the role of ethnic music in cultivating medical students' comprehensive qualities\n\n\\#\\# References\n- **[Citations]**\n  - List of references from official documents, research papers, and books`,
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                $("#markmap").html('<p style="color:red;">无法加载数据，请稍后重试。</p>');
            }
        });
    }
    
    // ======== AI summary define
    
    // 跟踪请求状态，防止重复请求
    const requestStatus = {
        CN: false, // 中文请求是否正在进行
        EN: false  // 英文请求是否正在进行
    };
    
    // 存储中英文 buffer
    const buffers = {
        CN: '',
        EN: ''
    };
    
    function cleanText(text) {
        const cleanResult = extractSseResults(text);
        return cleanResult;
    }
    
    // 渲染 Markdown 内容
    function renderContent(lang, text) {
    
        const md = new remarkable.Remarkable({
            html: true,
            breaks: false, // 禁用单换行转<br>，保持Markdown段落
            typographer: true
        });
    
        try {
            const cleanedText = cleanText(text);
            const content = cleanedText ? md.render(cleanedText) : '<p>Loading ... </p>';
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(content);
        } catch (e) {
            const cleaned = cleanText(text);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                `<p>Loading ... </p>`
            );
        }
    }
    
    // 显示摘要对话框
    function showQuickread(lang) {
        console.log('showQuickread 调用，语言:', lang, '当前数据:', obj);
        $("#showArticle_quickread").show();
        $(".main_content_center_right").hide();
        if (lang === 'EN') {
            if (checkHepJournalPage()) {
                renderHepContent(lang, buffers['EN']);
            }else{
                renderContent(lang, buffers['EN']);
            }
            $("#showArticle_quickread_en").hide();
            $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").show();
        } else {
            // 检查 typeValue 是否存在且等于 'hep'
            if (checkHepJournalPage()) {
                renderHepContent(lang, buffers['CN']);
            }else{
                renderContent(lang, buffers['CN']);
            }
            $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").hide();
            $("#showArticle_quickread_en").show();
        }
        currentLang = lang;
    }
    
    
    // 渲染 Markdown 内容
    function renderHepContent(lang, text) {

        const md = new remarkable.Remarkable({
            html: true,
            breaks: false, // 禁用单换行转<br>，保持Markdown段落
            typographer: true
        });

        try {
            const cleanedText = extractHepSseResults(text);
            const content = cleanedText ? md.render(cleanedText) : '<p>Loading ... </p>';
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(content);
        } catch (e) {
            const cleaned = extractHepSseResults(text);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                `<p>Loading ... </p>`
            );
        }
    }
    
    // 关闭摘要对话框
    function closeQuickread() {
        $("#showArticle_quickread").hide();
        $(".main_content_center_right").show();
    }
    
    function extractSseResults(sseData) {
    // 确保 sseData 是字符串并按行分割
        const lines = typeof sseData === 'string' ? sseData.split('kkk') : [];
        // 提取 result 并拼接
        const resultList = [];
        for (const line of lines) {
            // 过滤空行（空字符串或仅包含空白字符的行）
            if (!line.trim()) {
                continue;
            }
            if (line.startsWith('{"errCode":0')) {
            
                try {
                    // 解析 JSON
                    const data = JSON.parse(line);
                    // 提取 raw.result，处理 raw 可能为 null 或 undefined 的情况
                    if (data.raw && data.raw.result) {
                        resultList.push(data.raw.result);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    console.error(`JSON 解析错误: ${e.message}`);
                }
            }
        }
        // 拼接 result 并返回
        return resultList.join('');
    }
    
    function extractHepSseResults(sseData) {
        // 确保 sseData 是字符串并按行分割
        const lines = typeof sseData === 'string' ? sseData.split('kkk') : [];
        // 提取 result 并拼接
        const resultList = [];
        for (const line of lines) {
            // 过滤空行（空字符串或仅包含空白字符的行）
            if (!line.trim()) {
                continue;
            }
            //{"chunk_id":6,"content":"---\n","status":"processing"}
            if (line.startsWith('{"chunk_id') || line.startsWith('{"chunkId') ) {

                try {
                    // 解析 JSON
                    const data = JSON.parse(line);
                    // 提取 raw.result，处理 raw 可能为 null 或 undefined 的情况
                    if (data.content) {
                        if(data.content.startsWith("```markdown")){
                            continue;
                        }
                        resultList.push(data.content);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    console.error(`JSON 解析错误: ${e.message}`);
                }
            }
        }
        // 拼接 result 并返回
        return resultList.join('');
    }
        
    let currentEventSource = null; // 跟踪当前EventSource实例    
    let cnEventSource = null;
    let enEventSource = null;
    // 使用 SSE 获取数据
    function fetchSummaryData(language = 'CN') {
        // 关闭现有EventSource连接
        if (currentEventSource) {
            console.log("======= fetch ",language);
            console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
            currentEventSource.close();
            currentEventSource = null;
        }
        
        
        if (checkHepJournalPage()) {
            let cleanUrl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];
            let paperUrl = cleanUrl;
            // 用于拼接 SSE 数据
            if(language === 'EN'){
                // 满足条件时，打印完整的 URL
                console.log("============333 type == hep 匹配成功，当前 URL:", window.location.href);
                const summaryUrl = 'https://ai.magtechjournal.com/api/hep/generate-summary-sse?articleId='+paperUrl+'&language=EN';
                console.log('尝试连接SSE:', summaryUrl);
                enEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                let buffer = '';
                enEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== 'Summary generation finished.') {
                        console.log(event.data);
                        //{"chunk_id":5,"content":"Extensive experiments \n","status":"processing"}
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';

                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('E,'+currentLang);
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }

                    }
                    if(event.data.includes('Summary generation finished')){
                        console.log('+++'+event.data);
                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        enEventSource.close();
                        enEventSource = null;
                        console.log("enEventSource complete complete complete");
                    }
                };
                enEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    console.log(err);
                    console.log("enEventSource error complete");
                    enEventSource.close();
                };
            } else {
                // 满足条件时，打印完整的 URL
                console.log("============333 type == hep 匹配成功，当前 URL:", window.location.href);
                const summaryUrl = 'https://ai.magtechjournal.com/api/hep/generate-summary-sse?articleId='+paperUrl+'&language=CN';
                console.log('尝试连接SSE:', summaryUrl);
                cnEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                let buffer = '';
                cnEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== 'Summary generation finished.') {
                        console.log(event.data);
                        //{"chunk_id":5,"content":"Extensive experiments \n","status":"processing"}
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';

                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('E,'+currentLang);
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }

                    }
                    if(event.data.includes('Summary generation finished')){
                        console.log('+++'+event.data);
                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            renderHepContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        cnEventSource.close();
                        cnEventSource = null;
                        console.log("cnEventSource complete complete complete");
                    }
                };
                cnEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    console.log(err);
                    console.log("cnEventSource error complete");
                    cnEventSource.close();
                };
            }

        }else{
        
            const summaryUrl = `https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/article-ai/generate-summary-sse2?language=${language}&articleId=1159893610806174608&journalId=1155139928190095384`;
            console.log('尝试连接SSE:', summaryUrl);
            $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                '<p><span class="loading-spinner"></span> Loading summary...</p>'
            );
        
             // 用于拼接 SSE 数据
            if(language === 'CN'){
                let buffer = '';
                cnEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                cnEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== '[DONE]') {
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';
                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('C,'+currentLang);
                        // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                    }
                    
                    if(event.data.includes('执行完成')){
                        buffers['CN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'CN') {
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        cnEventSource.close();
                        cnEventSource = null;
                    }
                };
                
                cnEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    cnEventSource.close();
                    setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('CN'), 1000);
                };
            }else{
                let buffer = '';
                enEventSource = new EventSource(summaryUrl, { withCredentials: true });
                enEventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
                    if (event.data && event.data !== '[DONE]') {
                        // 仅当数据不以换行符结尾且非空时添加\n
                        buffer += event.data +'kkk';
                        
                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        // console.log('E,'+currentLang);
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            // 实时渲染以提供反馈
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        
                    }
                    if(event.data.includes('执行完成')){
                        buffers['EN'] = buffer;
                        if(currentLang === 'EN') {
                            renderContent(currentLang, buffer);
                        }
                        enEventSource.close();
                        enEventSource = null;
                    }
                };
                
                enEventSource.onerror = function(err) {
                    enEventSource.close();
                    setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('EN'), 1000);
                };
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    function checkHepJournalPage() {
        const { search, href } = window.location;
        const typeValue = new URLSearchParams(search).get('type');

        return true;
      
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {
        console.log('DOM 已加载，初始化事件监听');
        defaultLang = window.location.href.includes('/EN/') ? 'EN' : 'CN';
        // 初始化时获取数据
        fetchMindmapData();

        $("#AiSummaryBt").off('click').click(function() {
            obj.summaryCn = ''; // 重置中文数据
            obj.summaryEn = ''; // 重置英文数据
            currentLang = defaultLang; // 默认显示中文
            showQuickread(defaultLang);
            fetchSummaryData(defaultLang);
        });
    
        $("#showArticle_quickread_cn").click(function() {
            showQuickread('CN');
            currentLang='CN';
            if (buffers['CN'].length < 300) {
                 // 关闭现有EventSource连接
                if (cnEventSource) {
                    console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
                    cnEventSource.close();
                    cnEventSource = null;
                }
                $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                    `<p>Loading ... </p>`
                );
               setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('CN'), 2000);

            }
        });
    
        $("#showArticle_quickread_en").click(function() {
            showQuickread('EN');
            if (buffers['EN'].length < 300) {
                // 关闭现有EventSource连接
                if (enEventSource) {
                    console.log('关闭现有SSE连接');
                    enEventSource.close();
                    enEventSource = null;
                }
                $("#showArticle_quickread_content_cn").html(
                    `<p>Loading ... </p>`
                );
                setTimeout(() => fetchSummaryData('EN'), 2000);

            } 
        });
    }); / 〈 〉 //渲染文章表格内容
    function renderArticleTable() {
        var articleTableList = document.getElementById("articleTextTableList");
        var articleTableDivList = null;
        if(articleTableList) {
            articleTableDivList = articleTableList.querySelectorAll("div");
        }
        //console.log(">>>>"+JSON.stringify(articleTableDivList));
        if(articleTableDivList) {
            for(tab of articleTableDivList) {
                //alert(tab.id);
                var divList = document.getElementsByTagName("div");
                for(articleDiv of divList) {

                    if(articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") && articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") == tab.id) {
                        //alert("magIdxxx:"+articleDiv.getAttribute("magId"));
                        articleDiv.innerHTML = tab.innerHTML;
                        //alert(tab.innerHTML);
                    }
                }

            }

        }
        articleTableList.innerHTML = '';
    }

    //渲染文章fig内容
    function renderArticleFig() {
        var articleFigList = document.getElementById("articleTextFigList");
        var articleFigDivList = null;
        if(articleFigList) {
            articleFigDivList = articleFigList.querySelectorAll("div");
        }

        if(articleFigDivList) {
            for(tab of articleFigDivList) {
                //alert(tab.id);
                var divList = document.getElementsByTagName("div");
                for(articleDiv of divList) {
                    if(articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") && articleDiv.getAttribute("magId") == tab.id) {
                        //alert("magIdxxx:"+articleDiv.getAttribute("magId"));
                        articleDiv.innerHTML = tab.innerHTML;
                        //alert(tab.innerHTML);
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        articleFigList.innerHTML = '';
    }


    $(function(){
          //js开始执行，将为爬虫准备的div清掉
        $("#article_text_4_crawl").empty();
        $("#cankaowenxianshdj").empty();
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url:'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/collectionListByArticleId?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159893610806174608',
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                //zhuantidiv_p
                $.each(res.listData, function(index, lis) {
                    $.each(lis.exts, function(index1, sty) {
                        if(sty.language == 'CN'){
                            if(sty.collectionTitle != null && sty.collectionTitle != ''){
                                $('#zhuantidiv').show();
                                $('#zhuantidiv_p').html('<a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/collections/'+lis.id+'">'+sty.collectionTitle+'</a>');
                            }
                        }
                    });
                });
            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        var url = 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/text?articleId=1159893610806174608&language=CN';
        $.ajax({
            url: url,
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code==200 && res.data!=null && res.data.text!=null) {
                    $('#xiangqingyezhengwen').html(res.data.text);
                    //获取图片
                    if(res.data.figList!=null && res.data.figList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.figList, function(index, fig) {
                            var tupian ='';
                            var tielehtml ='';
                            var titleContenthtml ='';
                            var fullsize='';
                            var htmlzong ='';
                            var entitle=''
                            if(fig.figFile != null && fig.figFile != ''){
                                tupian = '<div class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap"><img src="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" data-original="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img" alt="" onclick="showimg(this)"></div>';
                                fullsize = '<a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+fig.figFile+'" target="_blank">Full size  </a>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.zh.title != null && fig.figExtMap.zh.title != ''){
                                tielehtml = '<b>'+fig.figExtMap.zh.title+'</b>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.en.title != null && fig.figExtMap.en.title != ''){
                                entitle = '<div class="new_full_rich_table_title_cn" style="color:#666;"><b>'+fig.figExtMap.en.title+'</b></div>';
                            }
                            if(fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent != null && fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent != ''){
                                titleContenthtml='<p class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming">'+fig.figExtMap.zh.titleContent+'</p>';
                            }
                            var caozuo = '<p class="new_full_rich_table_shuoming_caozuo">'+fullsize+'</p>';
                            htmlzong= '<div class="mag_fig_div main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig" id="'+fig.magId+'">'+tupian+'<div class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming"><h5 class="cas_nav_daohang" style="width: 100%;text-align: center;font-size: 14px;float: none;">'+tielehtml+'</h5>'+entitle+titleContenthtml+'</div>'+caozuo+'</div>';
                            $('#articleTextFigList').append(htmlzong);

                        });
                    }
                    //获取表格
                    if(res.data.tabList!=null && res.data.tabList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.tabList, function(index, tab) {
                            var biaogetitle ='';
                            var tabsm='';
                            var tabhtml='';
                            var tablezong='';
                            var entitle = '';
                            if(tab.tableExtMap.zh.title != null){
                                biaogetitle='<h6 class="mag_nav_daohang cas_nav_daohang" style="font-size: 14px;width:100%;"><strong>'+tab.tableExtMap.zh.title+'</strong></h6>';
                            }
                            if(tab.tableExtMap.en.title != null){
                                entitle='<div class="new_full_rich_table_title_cn" style="text-align:center;"><b>'+tab.tableExtMap.en.title+'</b></div>';

                            }
                            if(tab.footFnList != null){
                                $.each(tab.footFnList, function(index2, foot) {
                                    tabsm='<div class="mag_table_wrap_foot_div new_full_rich_table_shuoming"><span class="biaocoin_shuoming_span">'+foot+'</span></div>';
                                });
                            }
                            if(tab.table != null){
                                tabhtml = '<div class="biaocoin_table">'+tab.table+'</div>';
                            }
                            tablezong = '<div id="'+tab.magId+'" class="mag_table_wrap new_full_rich_table" style="align: center;"><div class="biaocoin"><div class="biaocoin_shuoming nav_title" leave="2">'+biaogetitle+'</div>'+entitle+tabhtml+'</div>'+tabsm+'</div>';
                            $('#articleTextTableList').append(tablezong);
                        });
                    }
                    //获取参考文献
                    if(res.data.refList!=null && res.data.refList!= ''){
                        $.each(res.data.refList, function(index, refs) {
                            var suoyin = index+1;
                            var cankaowenxianhtml='';
                            var refhtml='';
                            $.each(refs.citationList, function(index1, ref) {
                                var biaoti ='';
                                var CrossrefADS='';
                                var Pubmed = '';
                                var arXiv1 = '';
                                if(ref.content != '' && ref.content != null){
                                    biaoti = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title">'+ref.content+'</p>';
                                }
                                if(ref.doi != null && ref.doi != ''){
                                    CrossrefADS = '<span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://doi.org/'+ref.doi+'">Crossref</a></span><span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/'+ref.doi+'">ADS</a></span><span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q='+ref.doi+'">Google scholar</a></span>';
                                }
                                if(ref.pmid != null){
                                    Pubmed='<span class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie" style="margin-right:10px;"><a target="__blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/'+ref.pmid+'">Pubmed</a></span>'
                                }
                                if(ref.arXiv != null){
                                    arXiv1= '<a target="__blank" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/'+ref.arXiv+'">arXiv</a>';
                                }
                                refhtml = biaoti+'<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie">'+CrossrefADS+Pubmed+arXiv1+'</p>';
                            });
                            cankaowenxianhtml='<table class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab" id="mag_rich_ref_'+refs.id+'" order-1-num="'+index+'" order-2-num="'+refs.year+'" order-3-num="'+refs.citedCount+'"> <tbody><tr style="border-bottom:1px dashed #d9d9d9;"><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" width="7%">['+suoyin+']</td><td width="93%">'+refhtml+'</td></tr></tbody>';
                            $('#cankaowenxianshdj').append(cankaowenxianhtml)
                        });
                    }else{
                        $('.ckankaowenfdifn').remove()
                    }
                    if(res.data.ackList != '' && res.data.ackList != null){
                        $.each(res.data.ackList, function(index, akc) {
                            if(akc.ackExtMap.zh != null && akc.ackExtMap.zh != ''){
                                var html = '<div class="main_content_center_left_one_title zhengwem_title yijibiaotidkk"><h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>'+akc.ackExtMap.zh.title+'</b></h3></div><p class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_zhengwen nozuish">'+akc.content+'</p>';
                                $('#ackListdiv').append(html)
                            }
                            
                        });
                    }
                    renderArticleFig()
                    renderArticleTable()
                    
                    /** 全文中类似这样的src替换掉 **/
                    //<img src="{{jo4FileInfo.file::+CmHHN9W16Xsfgrk4x8Okg==}}" class="mag_rich_graphic mag_rich_inline_graphic"/>
                    $('img').filter('.mag_rich_graphic').each(function(index) {
                        var src = $(this).attr('src');
                        src = src.replace("{{","");
                        src = src.replace("}}","");
                        src = src.replace("jo4FileInfo.file::","");
                        $(this).attr('src','https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/file/pic?fileId='+src);
                
                    });
                    
                    window.setTimeout(function(){

                        var menu = $('#autoMenu').data('autoMenu');
                        if (menu) {
                            // 重新生成HTML
                            $('#autoMenu').html(menu.createHtml());
                            // 重新设置活动项和绑定事件
                            menu.setActive();
                            menu.bindEvent();
                            mag_mathJax()
                        } else {
                            // 如果插件未初始化，则初始化
                            $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
                            mag_mathJax()
                        }
                    },2000);
                    
                    
                }else{
                        $('.ckankaowenfdifn').remove()
                    }

            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        
             var keywordsStr = "";
                        keywordsStr+='Lithium-ion battery module';
                            keywordsStr+=",";
                        keywordsStr+='Fast-charging';
                            keywordsStr+=",";
                        keywordsStr+='Neural network regression';
                            keywordsStr+=",";
                        keywordsStr+='Scheduling';
                            keywordsStr+=",";
                        keywordsStr+='State of charge';
                            keywordsStr+=",";
                        keywordsStr+='Energy consumption';
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url: 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/recommendv2?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159893610806174608&keywordsStr='+keywordsStr,
            type:'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success: function(res) {
                if(res.code!=200 || res.listData==null || res.listData.length<=0) {
                    return;
                }
                
                var index=0;
                for(var article of res.listData) {
                    if(article.id=='1159893610806174608') {
                        continue;
                    }
                    renderRecommendArticle(article,index);
                    index++;
                }
                
            }
            
            
        });
        
        
        
        /**
        $.ajax({
            url: 'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/recommend?journalId=1155139928190095384&articleId=1159893610806174608',
            type: 'GET',
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function(res) {
                $.each(res.data, function(index, atc) {
                    var authorhtml='';
                    var titlehtml = '';
                    var kanming = '';
                    var issnht  ='';
                    var doihtml='';
                    if(atc.authors != null && atc.authors != ''){
                        $.each(atc.authors, function(index1, author) {
                            var isLast = $(this).is(':last');
                            if(author.ext.CN.stringName != null && author.ext.CN.stringName != ''){
                                if(isLast){
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName;
                                }else{
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName+', ';
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.CN.title != null && atc.ext.CN.title != ''){
                        titlehtml='<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title"><a href="https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/'+atc.doi+'" target="_blank">'+atc.ext.CN.title+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.CN.journalTitle != null && atc.ext.CN.journalTitle != ''){
                        kanming = '<i>'+atc.ext.CN.journalTitle+'</i>. ';
                    }
                    if(atc.issue != null && atc.issue != ''){
                        var yrar = '';
                        var volume = '';
                        var issue = '';
                        var pageStart = '';
                        var pageEnd = '';
                        if(atc.issue.year!=null && atc.issue.year!=''){
                            yrar = atc.issue.year +', ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.volume!=null && atc.issue.volume!=''){
                            volume = 'Vol.'+atc.issue.volume;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.issue!=null && atc.issue.issue!=''){
                            issue = '('+atc.issue.issue+'): ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageStart!=null && atc.issue.pageStart!=''){
                            pageStart =atc.issue.pageStart;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageEnd!=null && atc.issue.pageEnd!=''){
                            pageEnd ='-'+atc.issue.pageEnd;
                        }
                        issnht = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_nianjuanqi">'+kanming+yrar+volume+issue+pageStart+pageEnd+'</p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.doi != null && atc.doi != ''){
                        doihtml = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/'+atc.doi+'">https://doi.org/'+atc.doi+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    var shu = index+1;
                    var zong = '<tr><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" style="width:28px">['+shu+']</td><td>'+authorhtml+titlehtml+issnht+doihtml+'</td></tr>';
                    $('#ckwxcankaowenxian_td').append(zong);
                });
            },
            error: function(res) {
                console.log("查询阅读排行err:>>>"+JSON.stringify(res));
            },

        });
        **/
    })
    $('#gallery').imagesLoaded(function() {
        $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
    });





 //渲染recommend文章
    function renderRecommendArticle(article,index) {
        $.ajax({
            url:'https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/site/data/article/articleInfo?language=CN,EN&articleId='+article.id+"&journalId="+article.journalId,
            type:'GET',
            dataType:'json',
            success:function(res) {
                if(res.code!=200 || res.data==null) {
                    return;
                }
                    var atc = res.data;
                    var authorhtml='';
                    var titlehtml = '';
                    var kanming = '';
                    var issnht  ='';
                    var doihtml='';
                    if(atc.authors != null && atc.authors != ''){
                        $.each(res.data.authors, function(index1, author) {
                            if(author.ext==null || author.ext['CN'] == null) {
                                return;
                            }
                            var isLast = $(this).is(':last');
                            if(author.ext.EN.stringName != null && author.ext.CN.stringName != ''){
                                if(isLast){
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName;
                                }else{
                                    authorhtml = authorhtml+author.ext.CN.stringName+', ';
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    if(atc.ext!=null && atc.ext['CN']!=null && atc.ext.CN.title != null && atc.ext.CN.title != ''){
                        titlehtml='<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title"><a href="'+atc.detailUrlCn+'" target="_blank">'+atc.ext.CN.title+'</a></p>';
                    }else if(atc.ext!=null && atc.ext['EN']!=null && atc.ext.EN.title != null && atc.ext.EN.title != '') {
                        titlehtml='<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_title"><a href="'+atc.detailUrlEn+'" target="_blank">'+atc.ext.EN.title+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.ext.EN.journalTitle != null && atc.ext.EN.journalTitle != ''){
                        kanming = '<i>'+atc.ext.EN.journalTitle+'</i>. ';
                    }
                    if(atc.issue != null && atc.issue != ''){
                        var yrar = '';
                        var volume = '';
                        var issue = '';
                        var pageStart = '';
                        var pageEnd = '';
                        if(atc.issue.year!=null && atc.issue.year!=''){
                            yrar = atc.issue.year +', ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.volume!=null && atc.issue.volume!=''){
                            volume = 'Vol.'+atc.issue.volume;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.issue!=null && atc.issue.issue!=''){
                            issue = '('+atc.issue.issue+'): ';
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageStart!=null && atc.issue.pageStart!=''){
                            pageStart =atc.issue.pageStart;
                        }
                        if(atc.issue.pageEnd!=null && atc.issue.pageEnd!=''){
                            pageEnd ='-'+atc.issue.pageEnd;
                        }
                        issnht = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_nianjuanqi">'+kanming+yrar+volume+issue+pageStart+pageEnd+'</p>';
                    }
                    if(atc.doi != null && atc.doi != ''){
                        doihtml = '<p class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_lianjie"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/'+atc.doi+'">https://doi.org/'+atc.doi+'</a></p>';
                    }
                    var shu = index+1;
                    var zong = '<tr orderNum="'+shu+'"><td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top" style="width:28px">['+shu+']</td><td>'+authorhtml+titlehtml+issnht+doihtml+'</td></tr>';
                    $('#ckwxcankaowenxian_td').append(zong);
                    //排序   
                      // 1. 获取目标容器下的所有tr元素（转为数组方便排序）
                      const $container = $('#ckwxcankaowenxian_td');
                      const $trList = $container.find('tr');
                    
                      // 2. 对tr数组按orderNum属性升序排序
                      const sortedTr = $trList.sort(function(a, b) {
                        // 提取orderNum属性值，并转为数字（避免字符串排序问题，如"10"<"2"）
                        const orderA = Number($(a).attr('orderNum')) || 0; // 无属性时默认0
                        const orderB = Number($(b).attr('orderNum')) || 0;
                        // 升序：a-b；降序：b-a
                        return orderA - orderB;
                      });
                    
                      // 3. 清空原容器，重新插入排序后的tr（保持DOM结构干净）
                      $container.empty().append(sortedTr);
                    
            }
            
        });
        
        
    }


    //渲染数学公式
    function mag_mathJax(){
       MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        
        // 监听动态内容变化
        const observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
            MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]);
        });
        
        observer.observe(document.body, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true
        });

    }

    //渲染参考文献可视化分析
    function richRefCharts_year(){
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var xData = new Array();
        var yData = new Array();
        var typeData = new Array();
        var sourceData = new Array();
        var otherSourceCount = 0;
        var authorData = new Array();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var year = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("year");
            if(year != null) {
                year = year.trim();
                if(year == "") {
                    // break;
                }
            }else {
                break;
            }
            if(xData.length == 0) {
                xData[0] = year;
                yData[1] = 1;
            }else {
                var isnew = true;
                for(var j=0;j<xData.length;j++) {
                    if(xData[j] == year) {
                        yData[j] = yData[j]+1;
                        isnew = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(isnew) {
                    xData[xData.length] = year;
                    yData[yData.length] = 1;
                }
            }
        }
        var yearCountMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<xData;i++) {
            yearCountMap.set(xData[i], yData[i]);
        }
        xData.sort((a,b)=>a-b);
        for(var i=0;i<xData;i++) {
            yData[i]=yearCountMap.get(xData[i]);
        }

        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_nian_count");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;
        option = {
            tooltip: {
                trigger: 'axis',
                axisPointer: {
                    type: 'shadow'
                }
            },
            xAxis: {
                data: xData
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'value'
            },
            series: [{
                //name: '文献',
                type: 'bar',
                stack: 'browse',
                color: '#f07d2d',
                label:{
                    show:true,
                    position:'top',
                    color:'#000'
                },
                barWidth: '60%',
                data: yData
            }]
        };
        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }

    function richRefCharts_type() {
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var typeData = new Array();
        var typeDataMap = new Map();
        //typeData[0] = {name:'book 10%',value:10};
        //typeData[1] = {name:'report 90%',value:90};
        var typeDataTotal = 0;
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            typeDataTotal++;
            var pType = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("publicationType");
            if(typeDataMap.get(pType) != null) {
                typeDataMap.set(pType,typeDataMap.get(pType)+1);
            }else {
                typeDataMap.set(pType, 1);
            }
        }
        var idx = 0;
        for (const [key, value] of typeDataMap) {
            var par = value/typeDataTotal;
            par = par.toFixed(2);
            typeData[idx] = {name: key+" "+par+"%", value: value};
            idx++;
        }

        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_publication_type");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;
        option = {
            tooltip: {
                trigger: 'item'
            },
            series: [
                {
                    type: 'pie',
                    radius: '70%',
                    data: typeData,
                    emphasis: {
                        itemStyle: {
                            shadowBlur: 10,
                            shadowOffsetX: 0,
                            shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        };

        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }

    //补引期刊分布
    function richRefCharts_source() {
        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_source");
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var sourceDataMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var source = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("sourceList")
            if(!source || source == "" || source.length == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            var sourceList = source.split(",");
            for(var sName of sourceList) {
                if(sourceDataMap.get(sName)) {
                    sourceDataMap.set(sName, sourceDataMap.get(sName)+1);
                }else {
                    sourceDataMap.set(sName, 1);
                }
            }
        }

        var data = [
            //    {name: '清华大学', value: 100},
            //  {name: '浙江大学', value: 150},
            //{name: '上海交通大学', value: 90},
            // 更多数据...
        ];

        for(const [key,value] of sourceDataMap) {
            data.push({name: key, value: value});
        }

        //alert(JSON.stringify(data));
        $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_source").height(data.length*25+50);
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        var option;



        var option = {
            xAxis: {
                type: 'value', // 让 x 轴显示数值
                axisLabel: {
                    rotate: 45 // 可选，调整标签的旋转角度以便更好的显示
                }
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'category', // 让 y 轴显示类别
                data: data.map(item => item.name) // 从数据中提取类别名称作为 y 轴的数据
            },
            series: [{
                type: 'bar', // 使用柱状图类型
                data: data.map(item => item.value), // 从数据中提取数值作为柱状图的数据
                label: { // 可选，显示数值标签
                    show: true,
                    position: 'right' // 在柱状图的右侧显示数值标签
                }
            }],
            grid: {
                left: '30%',
                right: '17%',
                top: '8%',
                bottom: '15%'
                // containLabel: true
            },

        };

        if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
            myChart.setOption(option);
        }
    }


    function richRefCharts_author() {
        var authorData = [];//[{name:'zhangsan', count:21},{name:'李四', count:98}];
        var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_author");
        var catationListDom = document.getElementsByName("refCitationList");
        if(!catationListDom){
            return;
        }
        var authorMap = new Map();
        for(var i=0;i<catationListDom.length;i++) {
            var personList = catationListDom[i].getAttribute("personList");
            if(!personList|| personList == "" || personList.trim() == "") {
                continue;
            }
            var personListArr = personList.split(",");
            if(!personListArr || personListArr.length == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            for(var person of personListArr) {
                if(authorMap.get(person)) {
                    authorMap.set(person, authorMap.get(person)+1);
                }else {
                    authorMap.set(person, 1);
                }
            }
        }
        for(const [key,value] of authorMap) {
            authorData.push({name: key, count:value});
        }


        var nodes = new Array();
        if(authorData && authorData.length>0){
            authorData.sort(function(a,b){
                return b.count-a.count;
            });
            for(var authorDataIndex=0;authorDataIndex<authorData.length;authorDataIndex++){
                if(authorDataIndex<50){
                    var colorList = [
                        '#ff7f50', '#87cefa', '#da70d6', '#32cd32', '#6495ed',
                        '#ff69b4', '#ba55d3', '#cd5c5c', '#ffa500', '#40e0d0',
                        '#1e90ff', '#ff6347', '#7b68ee', '#d0648a', '#ffd700',
                        '#6b8e23', '#4ea397', '#3cb371', '#b8860b', '#7bd9a5'
                    ];
                    var color = colorList[authorDataIndex%colorList.length];
                    nodes[authorDataIndex] = {
                        id:'node'+authorDataIndex,
                        name:authorData[authorDataIndex].name,
                        value:authorData[authorDataIndex].count,
                        symbolSize:function(){
                            var size = 20+authorData[authorDataIndex].count*10;
                            if(size>50){
                                return 50;
                            }else{
                                return size;
                            }
                        }(),
                        draggable:true,
                        itemStyle:{
                            normal:{
                                //shadowBlur:10,
                                shadowColor:color,
                                color:color
                            }
                        }
                    };
                }
            }

            if(nodes.length>0){
                nodes.sort(function(a,b){
                    return a.value-b.value;
                });
            }

            var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_author");
            var myChart = echarts.init(dom, null, {
                renderer: 'canvas',
                useDirtyRect: false
            });
            var app = {};
            var option;
            option = {
                backgroundColor: '#fff',
                tooltip: {},
                animationDurationUpdate: function(idx) {
                    // 越往后的数据延迟越大
                    return idx * 100;
                },
                animationEasingUpdate: 'bounceIn',
                color: ['#fff', '#fff', '#fff'],
                series:{
                    type: 'graph',
                    layout: 'force',
                    force: {
                        repulsion: 30,
                        edgeLength: 3
                    },
                    gravity: 1.1,
                    scaling: 1.1,
                    roam: true,
                    label: {
                        normal: {
                            show: true
                        }
                    },
                    data:nodes
                }
            }

            if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
                myChart.setOption(option);
            }
        }
    }

    function generateWeixinUrl() {

    }
    function generateXueshuRul() {
        const elements = document.getElementsByClassName('ckwx_right');
        if(!elements || elements.length<=0) {
            return;
        }
        for(ele of elements) {
            //判断是否是右侧的弹出框参文献，有百度学术和google学术的跳转按钮
            var childrenDiv = ele.querySelectorAll("div");
            if(!childrenDiv) {
                continue;
            }
            var baiduA = null;
            var googleA = null;
            var articleTitle = null;
            for(ch of childrenDiv) {
                var chChList = ch.querySelectorAll("div");
                if(chChList) {
                    for(titleDiv of chChList) {
                        if(titleDiv.classList.contains("ckwx_right_div_article_title")) {
                            //console.log("文章标题>>>"+titleDiv.innerHTML);
                            articleTitle = titleDiv.innerHTML;
                            if(!articleTitle) {
                                articleTitle=" ";
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                var aList = ch.querySelectorAll("a");
                if(!aList) {
                    continue;
                }
                for(a of aList) {
                    if((a.innerHTML+"").includes("百度学术")) {
                        // console.log(">>>"+a.innerHTML);
                        baiduA = a;
                    }
                    if((a.innerHTML+"").includes("谷歌学术")) {
                        // console.log(">>>"+a.innerHTML);
                        googleA = a;
                    }
                }
            }
            if(articleTitle) {
                articleTitle = articleTitle.trim();
            }
            if(!articleTitle) {
                articleTitle=" ";
            }
            if(baiduA && articleTitle) {
                var url = 'https://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=';
                var articleTitleEncode = encodeURIComponent(articleTitle);
                baiduA.href=url+articleTitleEncode;
            }
            if(googleA && articleTitle) {
                var url = 'https://scholar.google.com/scholar?lookup=0&q=';
                //把articleTitle中的空格变成+号
                var articleTitleEncode = encodeURIComponent(articleTitle.replace(/\s/g, '+'));
                googleA.href=url+articleTitleEncode;
                //console.log("替换空格为+号>>>"+(articleTitle.replace(' ', '+'))+"<<<<<<<")
            }
        }

    }

    $(document).ready(function() {
        mag_mathJax();
        renderArticleTable();
        //生成百度学术和谷歌学术url
        generateXueshuRul();
        //生成微信二维码图片
        generateWeixinUrl();
        //richRefCharts_year();
        //richRefCharts_type();
        //richRefCharts_source();
        //richRefCharts_author();
    });


    


    //公式序号 居右
    jQuery(".mag-xml-disp-formula").each(function() {
        var _this = jQuery(this);
        var _label= _this.children("label");
        if(typeof(_label.html())!="undefined"){
            _this.children("label").remove();
            _this.wrap("<div style='overflow:hidden;text-align: center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-flex;'><div style='float:left;text-align:center;width:90%;'></div></div>");
            _this.parent().parent().append("<span style='width:10%;text-align:right;'>"+_label.html()+"</span>");
        }
    });

    $('body').click(function(){
        $('.daochu_div').hide();
        $('.qipao').hide();
    })
    $('.qipao').click(function(event){
        event.stopPropagation();
    })

    /*参考文献显示隐藏*/
    $('.biaotijiantoush1').click(function(event){
        if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){
            $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideUp();
            $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1');
        }else if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){
            $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideDown();
            $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1');
        }
        event.stopPropagation();
    });


    function piaofuFn(a,fnId){
        var content='<div>'+$("#mag-rich-fn-"+fnId).html()+'</div>';
        piaofu(a,content);
    }

    function piaofuCnctst(a,cnctst_id){
        if($("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id) && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length>0){
            var content='<div>'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'</div>';
            piaofu(a,content);
        }else{
            var div=document.createElement("div");
            div.style.display='none';
            div.id="mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id;
            document.body.appendChild(div);

            mag_ajax_update({
                selector:"#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id,
                url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/lexeme/showCnctstOnRich.do",
                data:{cnctst_id:cnctst_id,articleId:$("#articleId").val(),Count:5},
                success:function(){
                    var content='<div>'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'</div>';
                    piaofu(a,content);
                }
            });
        }
    }
    // 埋点管理器 - 防止重复调用
    const TrackingManager = {
        // 记录已发送的埋点事件
        sentEvents: new Set(),
        // 记录埋点调用次数
        callCount: 0,

        // 生成事件唯一标识
        generateEventKey(eventType, params) {
            const paramStr = Object.entries(params)
                .filter(([key]) => key !== 'timestamp') // 排除时间戳，避免每次都不同
                .sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b))
                .map(([key, value]) => `${key}=${value}`)
                .join('|');

            return `${eventType}|${paramStr}`;
        },

        // 发送埋点并检查重复
        async sendEvent(eventType, params) {
            this.callCount++;
            console.log(`埋点调用 #${this.callCount}: ${eventType}`, params);

            const eventKey = this.generateEventKey(eventType, params);

            // 检查是否已发送过相同事件
            if (this.sentEvents.has(eventKey)) {
                console.warn(`重复埋点事件被拦截: ${eventType}`, params);
                return false;
            }

            // 记录已发送事件
            this.sentEvents.add(eventKey);

            try {
                // 实际发送埋点
                return await this._sendTrackingRequest(eventType, params);
            } catch (error) {
                // 发生错误时移除记录，允许重试
                this.sentEvents.delete(eventKey);
                throw error;
            }
        },

        // 实际发送埋点请求
        _sendTrackingRequest(eventType, params) {
            // 构建基础埋点数据
            const baseParams = {
                tenantId: "1045748351789510663",
                journalId: "1155139928190095384",
                articleId: "1159893610806174608",
                eventType: eventType,
                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
                userId: this._getUserId() || "unknown",
            };

            // 合并自定义参数
            const finalParams = { ...baseParams, ...params };

            // 将参数对象转换为URL查询字符串
            const queryString = Object.entries(finalParams)
                .map(([key, value]) => `${key}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`)
                .join('&');

            // 完整的埋点URL
            const trackUrl = `https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/statistics/point/articleDetailPoint?${queryString}`;

            return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
                const img = new Image();
                img.onload = () => {
                    console.log(`埋点发送成功: ${eventType}`, trackUrl);
                    resolve(true);
                };
                img.onerror = () => {
                    console.warn(`埋点发送失败: ${eventType}`, trackUrl);
                    reject(new Error('埋点请求失败'));
                };
                img.src = trackUrl;
            });
        },

        // 获取用户ID
        _getUserId() {
            return localStorage.getItem('userId') || sessionStorage.getItem('userId');
        }
    };

    // 统一的埋点函数
    async function trackEvent(eventType, customParams = {}) {
        return TrackingManager.sendEvent(eventType, customParams);
    }

    // 页面加载完成后自动发送埋点事件
    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', async () => {
        // 检查是否已经初始化过
        if (window.__trackingInitialized) {
            console.warn('埋点初始化已执行过，跳过重复执行');
            return;
        }

        window.__trackingInitialized = true;

        try {
            // 发送pageview事件
            await trackEvent('pageview', {
                pageTitle: document.title,
                screenWidth: window.innerWidth,
                screenHeight: window.innerHeight,
                userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
                referrer: document.referrer,
            });

            // 记录页面加载时间
            const pageLoadTime = performance.timing.loadEventEnd - performance.timing.navigationStart;
            await trackEvent('page_load_time', {
                loadTime: pageLoadTime,
            });

            // 示例：3秒后发送time_spent事件
            const startTime = Date.now();
            setTimeout(async () => {
                const elapsedTime = Date.now() - startTime;
                await trackEvent('time_spent', {
                    milliseconds: elapsedTime,
                });
            }, 3000);
        } catch (error) {
            console.error('埋点发送过程中出错:', error);
        }
    });

    $("#mag_rich_ref_charts").hide();


    $(function(){
        //$('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
    })
    $("#autoMenu").niceScroll({
        cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色
        cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1
        touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用
        cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度  单位默认px
        cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义
        cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角
        autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条  true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条
        zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值
        railvalign:'defaul',
        railpadding: {
            top: 0,
            right: -6,
            left: 0,
            bottom: 0
        }, //滚动条的位置
    });
    $("#ckwxcankaowenxian").niceScroll({
        cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色
        cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度，从0-1
        touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用
        cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度  单位默认px
        cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义
        cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角
        autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条  true的时候默认不显示滚动条，当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条
        zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值
        railvalign:'defaul',
        railpadding: {
            top: 0,
            right: -6,
            left: 0,
            bottom: 0
        }, //滚动条的位置
    }); let score;
    let tempData2;
    let targetUrl = '';

    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
        return ;
        score = null;

        fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/getAltmetricToken?articleId=1159893610806174608`)
            .then(response => {
                if (!response.ok) throw new Error('第一个接口调用失败');
                return response.json();
            })
            .then(data1 => {
                data1.articleId = String(data1.articleId);
                console.log('第一个接口返回:', data1);
                if (data1.status !== 200 || !data1.token) throw new Error('第一个接口token无效');

                return fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/getAltmetricInfo?articleId=1159893610806174608&token=${data1.token}`);
            })
            .then(response => {
                if (!response.ok) throw new Error('第二个接口调用失败');
                return response.json();
            })
            .then(data2 => {
                console.log('第二个接口返回:', data2);

                if (!data2 || typeof data2 !== 'object') {
                    throw new Error('第二个接口返回格式不正确');
                }

                // 逻辑分支1：没有request对象时，直接查score（不走后续接口）
                if (!data2.request || typeof data2.request !== 'object') {
                    console.log('无request对象，直接查询score');
                    // 这里假设score从data2中获取，实际根据接口返回调整
                    score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                    displayScore(score);
                    return null; // 返回null终止后续链式调用
                }

                // 逻辑分支2：有request对象时，检查current_art
                console.log('存在request对象，检查current_art状态');
                const currentArt = data2.request.current_art;

                // 2.1 current_art为false时，直接查score（不走后续接口）
                if (currentArt === false) {
                    console.log('current_art为false，直接查询score');
                    score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                    displayScore(score);
                    return null; // 返回null终止后续链式调用
                }

                // 2.2 current_art为true时，走原逻辑（调用第三方和第三个接口）
                if (currentArt === true) {
                    console.log('current_art为true，执行原逻辑');
                    if (!data2.request.token) {
                        throw new Error('第二个接口request中缺少token');
                    }
                    if (!data2.request.doi) {
                        throw new Error('第二个接口request中缺少doi');
                    }

                    tempData2 = data2;
                    const doi = data2.request.doi;
                    const encodedDoi = encodeURIComponent(doi);
                    const url = `https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/${encodedDoi}`;

                    return fetch(url, { method: 'GET', mode: 'cors' })
                        .then(altmetricResponse => {
                            console.log(`第三方接口返回状态: ${altmetricResponse.status}`);
                            return altmetricResponse.json().catch(() => {
                                return { status: altmetricResponse.status, error: '非JSON响应' };
                            });
                        });
                }

                // 2.3 current_art未定义时，默认直接查score
                console.log('current_art未定义，默认查询score');
                score = data2.score !== undefined ? data2.score : null;
                displayScore(score);
                return null;
            })
            .then(altmetricData => {
                // 如果前面返回null，直接终止
                if (altmetricData === null) {
                    console.log('流程已终止，不执行后续接口调用');
                    return;
                }

                // 后续逻辑：处理第三方接口返回并调用第三个接口
                console.log('第三方接口返回:', altmetricData);
                score = altmetricData.score !== undefined ? altmetricData.score : null;
                displayScore(score);

                const formData = new FormData();
                formData.append('articleId', tempData2?.request?.id || '');
                formData.append('token', tempData2?.request?.token || '');
                formData.append('altmetricInfo', JSON.stringify(altmetricData));

                return fetch(`https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/api/journal/article/submitArticlePlumxInfo`, {
                    method: 'POST',
                    body: formData
                })
                    .then(response => {
                        console.log(`第三个接口返回状态: ${response.status}`);
                        return response.json().catch(() => ({ status: response.status, error: '非JSON响应' }));
                    });
            })
            .then(data3 => {
                if (data3) {
                    console.log('第三个接口返回:', data3);
                }
                if (targetUrl && typeof targetUrl === 'string' && targetUrl.trim() !== '') {
                    window.open(targetUrl, '_blank');
                }
            })
            .catch(error => {
                console.error('接口调用出错:', error);
                displayScore(null);
                if (targetUrl && typeof targetUrl === 'string' && targetUrl.trim() !== '') {
                    window.open(targetUrl, '_blank');
                }
            });
    });

    function displayScore(scoreValue) {
        if(scoreValue && scoreValue>0){
            if(scoreValue - parseInt(scoreValue) > 0){
                $("#altmetric-shu").html(parseInt(scoreValue)+1);
            }else{
                $("#altmetric-shu").html(parseInt(scoreValue));
            }
            $("#altmetric-div").show();
        }


    }



    (function ($) {
        var Menu = (function () {
            /**
             * @constructor
             */
            var Plugin = function(element, options) {
                this.$element = $(element);
                this.settings = $.extend({}, $.fn.autoMenu.defaults, typeof options === 'object' && options)
                this.init();
            }
            /**
             */
            Plugin.prototype = {
                init: function () {
                    var opts = this.settings;
                    this.$element.html(this.createHtml());
                    this.setActive();
                    this.bindEvent();
                },
                createHtml: function(){
                    var that = this;
                    var opts = that.settings;
                    var width = typeof opts.width === 'number' && opts.width;
                    var height = typeof opts.height === 'number' && opts.height;
                    var padding = typeof opts.padding === 'number' && opts.padding;
                    that.$element.width('100%');
                    var html = '<ul class="cas_nav_ul">';
                    var num = 0;
                    var shu="";
                    $('.cas_nav_daohang').each(function(){
                        var _this = $(this);
                        if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelOne.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            shu= num
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="yiji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelTwo.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelThree.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.parents('.mag_rich_body_p').attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/img_nav.png" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelFour.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/table_nav.png" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }else if(_this.get(0).tagName == opts.levelFive.toUpperCase()){
                            _this.parent('.main_content_center_left_div_img_shuoming').siblings('.cas_zw_img_img').attr('id',num);
                            var nodetext = that.handleTxt(_this.html());
                            html += '<li class="sub_sanji dianjinav_'+shu+'" name="'+ num +'" title="'+ nodetext +'"><img src="https://cjournal.hep.com.cn/hep_journal_fop_en/img/video.png" style="width:18px;height:12px;" class="cas_nav_img_icon" alt="" /><a href="#'+ num +'" onclick="li_click(this)">'+ nodetext +'</a></li>';
                            num++;
                        }
                    })
                    html += '</ul>';
                    return html;
                },
                handleTxt: function(txt){
                    //姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓幓闄TML鐨勬爣绛�
                    return txt.replace(/<\/?[^>]+>/g,"").trim();
                },
                setActive: function(){
                    var $el = this.$element,
                        opts = this.settings,
                        items = opts.levelOne + ',' + opts.levelTwo +',' + opts.levelThree+',' + opts.levelFour+',' + opts.levelFive,
                        $items = $(items),
                        offTop = opts.offTop,
                        headLen = $('.cas_nav_daohang').length,
                        allEle = $('.cas_nav_daohang'),
                        top = $(document).scrollTop()+$('.yicangdsjk').height(),
                        currentId;
                    for (var i=headLen-1; i>=0; i--) {
                        if ($(window).scrollTop() >= allEle.eq(i).offset().top-$('.yicangdsjk').height() + allEle.eq(i).height()-allEle.eq(i).height()-150) {
                            var index = i;
                            $('#autoMenu ul li').eq(index).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active').siblings('.erji_div').children('li').removeClass('active');
                            return false;
                        } else {
                            $('#autoMenu ul li').eq(0).addClass('active').siblings('li').removeClass('active').siblings('.erji_div').children('li').removeClass('active');
                        }
                    }
                    $items.each(function(){
                        var m = $(this),
                            itemTop = m.offset().top;
                        if(top > itemTop-offTop){
                            currentId = m.attr('id');
                        }else{
                            return false;
                        }
                    })
                    var currentLink = $el.find('.active');
                },
                bindEvent: function(){
                    var _this = this;
                    $(window).scroll(function(){
                        _this.setActive();
                        var nav = $("#autoMenu");
                        var articleNav = nav.find('.active');
                        if (articleNav && articleNav.length > 0) {
                            var navItemtop = articleNav.position().top+89;
                            var navItemtop1 = articleNav.position().top;
                            var navItemHeight = articleNav.height();
                            var navItemBottom = navItemtop + navItemHeight  + 20;
                            console.log(navItemtop);
                            var scrollNav = $('#autoMenu');
                            var navScrollPos = scrollNav.scrollTop();
                            if (navItemBottom >= $(window).height()) {
                                scrollNav.scrollTop(navScrollPos + navItemHeight);
                            }
                            else if (navItemtop1 < 20) {
                                scrollNav.scrollTop(navScrollPos - navItemHeight);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                    _this.$element.on('click','.btn-box',function(){
                        if($(this).find('span').hasClass('icon-minus-sign')){
                            $(this).find('span').removeClass('icon-minus-sign').addClass('icon-plus-sign');
                            _this.$element.find('ul').fadeOut();
                        }else{
                            $(this).find('span').removeClass('icon-plus-sign').addClass('icon-minus-sign');
                            _this.$element.find('ul').fadeIn();
                        }

                    })
                }

            };
            return Plugin;
        })();


        /**
         * 杩欓噷鏄皢Plugin瀵硅薄 杞负jq鎻掍欢鐨勫舰寮忚繘琛岃皟鐢�
         * 瀹氫箟涓€涓彃浠� plugin
         */
        $.fn.autoMenu = function (options) {
            return this.each(function () {
                var $el = $(this),
                    menu = $el.data('autoMenu'),
                    option = $.extend({}, $.fn.autoMenu.defaults, typeof options === 'object' && options);
                if (!menu) {
                    //灏嗗疄渚嬪寲鍚庣殑鎻掍欢缂撳瓨鍦╠om缁撴瀯閲岋紙鍐呭瓨閲岋級
                    $el.data('autoMenu',new Menu(this, option));
                }

                /**
                 * 濡傛灉鎻掍欢鐨勫弬鏁版槸涓€涓瓧绗︿覆锛屽垯 璋冪敤 鎻掍欢鐨� 瀛楃涓叉柟娉曘€�
                 * 濡� $('#id').plugin('doSomething') 鍒欏疄闄呰皟鐢ㄧ殑鏄� $('#id).plugin.doSomething();
                 */
                if ($.type(options) === 'string') menu[option]();
            });
        };

        /**
         * 鎻掍欢鐨勯粯璁ゅ€�
         */
        $.fn.autoMenu.defaults = {
            levelOne : 'h3', //涓€绾ф爣棰�
            levelTwo : 'h4',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelThree : 'h5',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelFour : 'h6',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            levelFive : 'h7',  //浜岀骇鏍囬锛堟殏涓嶆敮鎸佹洿澶氱骇锛�
            padding: 20, //鍐呴儴闂磋窛
            offTop : 100, //婊氬姩鍒囨崲瀵艰埅鏃剁椤堕儴鐨勮窛绂�

        };

        /**
         * 浼橀泤澶勶細 閫氳繃data-xxx 鐨勬柟寮� 瀹炰緥鍖栨彃浠躲€�
         * 杩欐牱鐨勮瘽 鍦ㄩ〉闈笂灏变笉闇€瑕佹樉绀鸿皟鐢ㄤ簡銆�
         * 鍙互鏌ョ湅bootstrap 閲岄潰鐨凧S鎻掍欢鍐欐硶
         */

    })(jQuery);




    $(function(){
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width(wid*$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length);
        for(var t =0;t<$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;t++){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').eq(t).width(wid);
        }
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-40);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs+5});

    })
    function li_click(a){
        var index = $('.cas_nav_ul li a').index($(a));

        var top_height= $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var ddIndex = $(a).stop().attr('href').lastIndexOf('#');
        var ddId = $(a).stop().attr('href').substring(ddIndex+1);
        console.log(ddId)
        var windowTop = $('#' + ddId + '').offset().top-50-top_height;
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: windowTop}, 'fast');
    }
    var gao = "";
    var win_height="";
    var diheight="";
    var heigthzhengwen= "";
    var document_height="";
    window.onload=function(){
        heigthzhengwen=$('.main_content_center').find('.main_content_center_left').height();
        gao = $('.huoquoffset').offset().top;
        document_height = $('body').height();
        diheight= $('.main_content_bottom').offset().top;
        var win_height = $(window).height();
        var pisus =$('.yicangdsjk').css('position');
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop-$('.yicangdsjk').height();
        if(pisus=="fixed" && t>$('.yicangdsjk').height()){
            $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-30);
        }else{
            $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-30);
        }

        var width= $('.main_content_center_right').width();
        $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-30);
        $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-30);
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-30);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs});
        for(var a = 0;a<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').length;a++){
            var widt= $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).width();
            var fwit = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
            if(widt>fwit){
                if(600>fwit){
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','100%');
                }else{
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','600px');
                }
            }else if(widt<fwit){
                if(600>widt){
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width',widt+'px');
                }else{
                    $('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img').eq(a).css('width','600px');
                }
            }
        }
        for(var i =0;i<$('.yiji').length;i++){
            if($('.yiji').eq(i).next('li').hasClass("sub") || $('.yiji').eq(i).next('li').hasClass("sub_sanji")){
                $('.yiji').eq(i).append('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i" onclick="click_nav_daidn(this);"></i>');
            }
        }
    }
    var zhid =1;
    function closedk(a) {
        var height = $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var height1 = $('#huoqudndkk').height();
        $('.yicangdsjk').fadeOut();
        $('#huoqudndkk').css('top','0');
        $('#huoqudndkk').height(height1+height);
        zhid =0;
    }
    function click_nav_daidn(a){
        var name_num=$(a).parent('li').attr("name");
        var cla= ".dianjinav_"+name_num;
        if($(a).attr("class")=="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i"){
            for(var i =0;i<$(cla).length;i++){
                $(a).parent('li').siblings(cla).slideUp();
            }
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top nav_i');
        }else if($(a).attr("class")=="glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top nav_i"){
            for(var i =0;i<$(cla).length;i++){
                $(a).parent('li').siblings(cla).slideDown();
            }
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom nav_i');
        }
    }
    function resetLayout() {
        var bdidhjfwidth =  document.body.clientWidth;
        var width1=$('.main_content_center_right').width();
        var now_doc_height = $('body').height();
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        if( bdidhjfwidth > 1050){
            if(t>$('.huoquoffset').offset().top){
                if(zhid==1){
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideDown();
                }
                $('#huoqudndkk').addClass('fixed');
                $('#huoqudndkk').css('width',width1);
            }else{
                $('#huoqudndkk').removeClass('fixed');
                $('.yicangdsjk').slideUp();
            }
        }else{
            if($('.shoujihadhjsdj') && $('.shoujihadhjsdj').length && $('.shoujihadhjsdj').length>0){
                var odhdjf = $('.shoujihadhjsdj').offset().top;
                if(t>=odhdjf){
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideDown();
                }else{
                    $('.yicangdsjk').slideUp();
                }
            }
        }

    }
    $(window).scroll(function () {
        var heigthzhengwen_jian= $('.main_content_center').find('.main_content_center_left').height();
        resetLayout();
        $('#autoMenu').autoMenu();
        var heigh=$('.main_content_top').offset().top;
        var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        var top_height= $('.yicangdsjk').height();
        var shishidibu= $('.main_content_bottom').offset().top;
        var c ="";
        $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
        $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
        var nav_off_top = $('.huoquoffset').offset().top;
        if(t>heigh){
            if(zhid == 1){
                $('#huoqudndkk').css('top',top_height+20);
            }
            var win_height = $(window).height();
            if(zhid == 1){
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-top_height-50);
            }else{
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(win_height-top_height-80);
            }
            c = $('.main_content_bottom').height();
        }
        if(heigthzhengwen==heigthzhengwen_jian){
            var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-50;
            if(t>diheight-$('.main_content_bottom').height()-$('.yicangdsjk').height()*7-30){
                if(zhid == 1){
                    $('#huoqudndkk').height(b);
                }
                $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
                $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
            }
        }else{
            var cha =heigthzhengwen-heigthzhengwen_jian;
            if(zhid == 1){
                var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height()-90;
            }else{
                var b = shishidibu-t-$('.yicangdsjk').height();
            }
            if(t>diheight-cha-$('.main_content_bottom').height()-$('.yicangdsjk').height()*9-30){
                $('#huoqudndkk').height(b);
                $('#autoMenu').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
                $('#ckwxcankaowenxian').height($('#huoqudndkk').height()-40);
            }
        }


    })
    $(window).resize(function() {
        resetLayout()
        var width1=$('.main_content_center_right').width();
        $('#huoqudndkk').css('width',width1);
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width(wid*$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length);
        for(var t =0;t<$('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;t++){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').eq(t).width(wid);
        }
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var bodywidth= $('body').width();
        var yemianwidth= $('.main_content').width();
        $('.qipao').width(wid-40);
        var zhongs = (bodywidth-yemianwidth)/2+15;
        $('.qipao').css({'left':zhongs+5});
    });
    /* 寮曠敤鏈枃涓嬩竴绡� */
    var index = 0;
    function xiayipian(){
        var a = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_div').length;
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var zong = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width();
        var left = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').css('left');
        var left1 = left.replace(/px/ig, '');
        var left2 = left1.replace(/-/ig, '');
        if(index*1+1 != a){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').animate({left:"-="+wid});
            index = index+1;
        }else{
           // alert("鏈€鍚庝竴涓�");

        }
    }
    /* 寮曠敤鏈枃涓婁竴绡� */
    function shangyipian(){
        var wid = $('.main_content_center_left').width();
        var zong = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').width();
        var left = $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').css('left');
        var left1 = left.replace(/px/ig, '');
        var left2 = left1.replace(/-/ig, '');
        if(index*1-1 >= 0){
            $('.main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao').animate({left:"+="+wid});
            index = index-1;
        }else{
           // alert("绗竴涓�")
        }
    }
    /* 涓嬫媺妗嗛€夋嫨瀵艰埅 */
    function Jump(a){
        var id = $(a).attr('value');
        var windowTop = $('#' + id +'').offset().top-10;
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: windowTop}, 'fast');
    }

    function slide_up(a){
        if($(a).html()== "+"){
            $(a).parent('.Author_contribution').next('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideDown("slow");
            $(a).html('-')
        }else if($(a).html()== "-"){
            $(a).parent('.Author_contribution').next('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideUp("slow");
            $(a).html('+')
        }
    }

    function Author_details_put_away(a){
        $(a).parent('.Author_contribution_content').stop().slideUp("slow");
        $(a).parent('.Author_contribution_content').prev('.Author_contribution').find('i').attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down');
    }

    function zhaiyaozhan(a){
        if($(a).attr('class') == "glyphicon glyphicon-minus main_content_center_left_one_title_i"){
            $(a).parent('.main_content_center_left_one_title').next('.zhaiyaojs').stop().slideUp("slow");
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-plus main_content_center_left_one_title_i');
        }else if($(a).attr('class') == "glyphicon glyphicon-plus main_content_center_left_one_title_i"){
            $(a).parent('.main_content_center_left_one_title').next('.zhaiyaojs').stop().slideDown("slow");
            $(a).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-minus main_content_center_left_one_title_i');
        }
    }

    function daochu_div(a,event){
        var top = $(a).offset().top;
        var left = $(a).offset().left;
        $('.daochu_div').css({'top':top+30,'left':left});
        $('.daochu_div').stop().slideDown("slow");
        event.stopPropagation();
    }

    $('body').click(function(){
        $('.daochu_div').hide();
        $('.qipao').hide();
    })
    $('.qipao').click(function(event){
        event.stopPropagation();
    })



    function guanbiann(){
        $('.new_full_rich_model').hide();
        $('.new_full_rich_motaikuang').hide();
    }


    function  dianjitab(a,b){
        $(a).css({'background':'#dceefb','border-top':'2px solid #2992e2'}).siblings('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').css({'background':'#f0f7fc','border-top':'2px solid #f0f7fc'});
        $(b).stop().slideDown("slow").siblings('.yuedushu').stop().slideUp("slow");
    }

    function shouqidk(a){
        $(a).parent('.yuedushu').stop().slideUp("slow");
        for(var i = 0 ;i<$('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').length;i++){
            $('.main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div').eq(i).css({'background':'#f0f7fc','border-top':'2px solid #f0f7fc'});
        }
    }

    function zuihoutab (a,b){
        $(a).css({'background':'#fff','border-top':'2px solid #0d6797','color':'#0d6797'}).siblings('.main_content_center_right_div_tab_top_div').css({'background':'#ebf0f4','border-top':'2px solid #ebf0f4','color':'#333'});
        $(b).stop().slideDown("slow").siblings('.main_content_center_right_div_tab_con').stop().slideUp("slow");
    }

    var x11 ="";
    function mouseMove(ev){
        Ev= ev || window.event;
        var mousePos = mouseCoords(ev);
        x11 = mousePos.x;
    }
    function mouseCoords(ev){
        if(ev.pageX || ev.pageY){
            return {x:ev.pageX, y:ev.pageY};
        }
        return{
            x:ev.clientX + document.body.scrollLeft - document.body.clientLeft,
            y:ev.clientY + document.body.scrollTop - document.body.clientTop
        };
    }
    document.onmousemove = mouseMove;

    //鏂规硶2
    //Firefox鏀寔灞炴€ageX,涓巔ageY灞炴€э紝杩欎袱涓睘鎬у凡缁忔妸椤甸潰婊氬姩璁＄畻鍦ㄥ唴浜�,
    //鍦–hrome鍙互閫氳繃document.body.scrollLeft锛宒ocument.body.scrollTop璁＄畻鍑洪〉闈㈡粴鍔ㄤ綅绉伙紝
    //鑰屽湪IE涓嬪彲浠ラ€氳繃document.documentElement.scrollLeft 锛宒ocument.documentElement.scrollTop
    function getMousePos(event) {
        var e = event || window.event;
        var scrollX = document.documentElement.scrollLeft || document.body.scrollLeft;
        var scrollY = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
        var x = e.pageX || e.clientX + scrollX;
        var y = e.pageY || e.clientY + scrollY;
        //alert('x: ' + x + '\ny: ' + y);
        return { 'x': x, 'y': y};
    }


    function showimg(thiss){
        $('.new_full_rich_motaikuang').show();
        $('.new_full_rich_model').show();
        $('.zuo').show();
        $('.you').show();
        $('.cas_motaikuang').show();
        $('.cas_model').show();
        var mTop = $(thiss).offset().top;
        $('.new_full_rich_model').css("top",mTop+100);
        var scr=$(thiss).attr('src');
        $('.tp').attr('src',scr);
        var nr=$(thiss).parent('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
        $('.neirong').html(nr);
        var arr=[];
        for(var i=0;i<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').length;i++){
            var img_src=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).children('img').attr('src');
            var zong=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
            var puse = {};
            puse.shuzi=i+1;
            puse.src=img_src;
            puse.zongde=zong;
            arr[i]=puse;
        }
        var a = arr.length;
        $('.zongdea').html(a);
        for(var y=0;y<arr.length;y++){
            if(arr[y].src==scr){
                $('.yige').html(arr[y].shuzi);
            }
        }
    }
    function shang(){
        var arr=[];
        for(var i=0;i<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').length;i++){
            var img_src=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).children('img').attr('src');
            var zong=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
            var puse = {};
            puse.shuzi=i+1;
            puse.src=img_src;
            puse.zongde=zong;
            arr[i]=puse;
        }
        var tptp=$('.tp').attr('src');
        for(var y=0;y<arr.length;y++){
            if(arr[y].src==tptp){
                if(arr[y].src==arr[0].src){
                   // alert("No figure ahead!");
                    return false;
                }else{
                    var fzsrc=arr[y-1].src;
                    var fzshuzi=arr[y-1].shuzi;
                    var fzcontent=arr[y-1].zongde;
                    $('.tp').attr('src',fzsrc);
                    $('.yige').html(fzshuzi);
                    $('.neirong').html(fzcontent);
                }
            }
        }

    }

    function xia(){
        var arr=[];
        for(var i=0;i<$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').length;i++){
            var img_src=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).children('img').attr('src');
            var zong=$('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_img_bap').eq(i).next('.main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_fig_shuoming').html();
            var puse = {};
            puse.shuzi=i+1;
            puse.src=img_src;
            puse.zongde=zong;
            arr[i]=puse;
        }
        var tptp=$('.tp').attr('src');
        for(var y=0;y<arr.length;y++){
            if(arr[y].src==tptp){
                if(arr[y].src==arr[arr.length-1].src){
                    //alert("No figure after!");
                    return false;
                }else{
                    var fzsrc=arr[y+1].src;
                    var fzshuzi=arr[y+1].shuzi;
                    var fzcontent=arr[y+1].zongde;
                    $('.tp').attr('src',fzsrc);
                    $('.yige').html(fzshuzi);
                    $('.neirong').html(fzcontent);
                }
            }
        }

    }
    function fanhuidingbu(){
        $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: 0}, 'fast');
    }
    function shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html("Top");
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }
    function zhedieyouce(){
        if(zd_html=="Full size"){
            width111 = $('.main_content_center_right').width();
            $('.main_content_center_right').hide();
            $('.main_content_center_left').width('100%');
            zd_html="Section";
        }else if(zd_html=="Section"){
            $('#huoqudndkk').width(width111);
            $('.main_content_center_right').show();
            $('.main_content_center_left').width('60%');
            zd_html="Full size";
        }

    }

    var zd_html="Full size";

    function shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html("Top");
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }

    function u_shu_fanhuidinfgbu(a){
        $(a).html('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></i>');
        $(a).css({'font-size':'14px','line-height':'40px'})
    }
    function shu_zedieyouce(a){
        $(a).html(zd_html);
        zd_html=$(a).html();
        $(a).css({'font-size':'13px','line-height':'18px'})
    }
    function u_shu_zedieyouce(a){
        $(a).css({'font-size':'14px','line-height':'40px'})
        $(a).html('<i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>');
    }
    // 首先定义日期转换函数
    function convertChineseToEnglishDate(chineseDate) {
        // 提取年、月、日 - 支持多种中文日期格式
        const matches = chineseDate.match(/(\d{4})[年\-\\/](\d{1,2})[月\-\\/](\d{1,2})[日]?/);
        if (!matches || matches.length < 4) {
            console.warn('无效的日期格式:', chineseDate);
            return chineseDate; // 返回原内容如果格式不匹配
        }

        const year = matches[1];
        const month = parseInt(matches[2]);
        const day = parseInt(matches[3]);

        const monthNames = [
            'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
            'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sept', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'
        ];

        return `${day} ${monthNames[month - 1]} ${year}`;
    }

    // 使用jQuery循环处理所有riqizhuahuan类元素
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $('.riqizhuahuan').each(function() {
            // 获取当前元素的HTML内容
            const chineseDate = $(this).html().trim();

            // 调用转换函数
            const englishDate = convertChineseToEnglishDate(chineseDate);

            // 将转换后的日期设置回元素
            $(this).html(englishDate);

            // 如果需要，可以添加一个类表示已转换
            $(this).addClass('converted-to-english');
        });
    });

    function referenceOrderByType(type){
        if(type==1){//原文顺序
            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-1-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                //return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入到容器对象
            };
        }else if(type==2){//文献年度倒序
            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-2-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                //return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入  到容器对象
            };
        }else if(type==3){//文献被引倒序
            var divTestJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"); //取得容器对象
            var divJQ = $(".main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab", divTestJQ); //取容器需要重排的对象
            var EntityList = []; //定义一个数组用于存放要排序的对象
            divJQ.each(function () {
                var thisJQ = $(this);
                EntityList.push({ Name: parseInt(thisJQ.attr("order-3-num"), 10), JQ: thisJQ }); //把要排序的对象和排序的值一起放到一个新的对象里，并存入到数组
            });
            EntityList.sort(function (a, b) { //利用数组的排序方法重新排序对象
                return b.Name - a.Name; //从大到小
                //return a.Name - b.Name; //从小到大
            });
            for (var i = 0; i < EntityList.length; i++) {
                EntityList[i].JQ.appendTo(divTestJQ); //把排序完的对象重新插入到容器对象
            };
        }
    }

    function downloadCitationFile1(type){
        downloadCitationFile(type);
    }

    function downloadCitationFile(type) {
        var tenantId = '1045748351789510663';
        var journalId = '1155139928190095384';
        var language = 'CN';
        var doi = '10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.016';
        var url = "https://www.engineering.org.cn/engi/CN/article/citation/download?tenantId="+tenantId+"&journalId="+journalId+"&language="+language+"&doi="+doi+"&citationType="+type;
        console.log("下载引用管理文件url："+url);
        // 创建一个临时的a标签
        var element = document.createElement('a');
        element.setAttribute('href', url);
        element.setAttribute('target', "__blank");

        // 隐藏a标签
        element.style.display = 'none';
        document.body.appendChild(element);

        // 模拟点击事件来下载文件
        element.click();

        // 下载后移除a标签
        document.body.removeChild(element);


    }

    function saveParamsAndJump (domain,tenantId,journalId,articleId) {
        // 改用 sessionStorage（刷新页面不丢失，关闭标签页后失效）
        sessionStorage.setItem('articleId', articleId || '');
        // 跳转页面
        window.location.href = domain + '/metrics/' + tenantId+"/"+journalId+"/"+articleId;
    }

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Received	Accepted	Published
2020-01-20
Issue Date
2024-06-14

Model	Input parameters	Output parameter
NN₁	I₁, I₂, I₃, Q	T_max
NN₂	I₁, I₂, I₃, Q	TSD
NN₃	I₁, I₂, I₃, Q	W

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English

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Key words

引用本文

1. 引言

2. 基于液冷的电池模组设计

3. 人工神经网络模型

4. 最优充电-冷却过程规划选择与实验验证

5. 结论与未来的工作

参考文献

基金资助

Number	Input parameters				Evaluating parameter ∆SOC	Output parameters
Number	I₁(A)	I₂(A)	I₃(A)	Q (mL·min^-1)	Evaluating parameter ∆SOC	T_max (K)	TSD (K)	W (J)
1	2.5	2.5	2.5	108	0.125000	26.1	0.4129	0.069725
2	7.5	2.5	2.5	108	0.208333	27.3	0.3682	0.063342
3	12.5	2.5	2.5	108	0.291667	28.3	0.5135	0.071086
4	2.5	7.5	2.5	108	0.208333	27.4	0.2596	0.084564
5	7.5	7.5	2.5	108	0.291667	27.6	0.3949	0.068818
6	12.5	7.5	2.5	108	0.375000	31.8	0.7023	0.084451
7	2.5	12.5	2.5	108	0.291667	29.1	0.5339	0.070259
8	7.5	12.5	2.5	108	0.375000	31.8	0.9332	0.077144
9	12.5	12.5	2.5	108	0.458333	32.3	0.8238	0.072041
10	2.5	2.5	7.5	108	0.208333	27.4	0.3809	0.069482
11	7.5	2.5	7.5	108	0.291667	28.5	0.4258	0.062953
12	12.5	2.5	7.5	108	0.375000	30.6	0.8403	0.072074
13	2.5	7.5	7.5	108	0.291667	28.1	0.3837	0.073613
14	7.5	7.5	7.5	108	0.375000	31.6	0.7798	0.072317
15	12.5	7.5	7.5	108	0.458333	33.2	0.9740	0.081875
16	2.5	12.5	7.5	108	0.375000	32.7	0.6894	0.075719
17	7.5	12.5	7.5	108	0.458333	32.4	0.7955	0.087269
18	12.5	12.5	7.5	108	0.541667	35.1	1.1011	0.073321
19	2.5	2.5	12.5	108	0.291667	30.9	0.5572	0.079315
20	7.5	2.5	12.5	108	0.375000	30.6	0.6335	0.072236
21	12.5	2.5	12.5	108	0.458333	32.3	0.7241	0.083608
22	2.5	7.5	12.5	108	0.375000	30.2	0.5730	0.069498
23	7.5	7.5	12.5	108	0.458333	32.0	0.7632	0.080449
24	12.5	7.5	12.5	108	0.541667	34.3	1.1734	0.083981
25	2.5	12.5	12.5	108	0.458333	29.4	0.5591	0.094235
26	7.5	12.5	12.5	108	0.541667	35.3	0.9918	0.074471
27	12.5	12.5	12.5	108	0.625000	38.0	1.4759	0.075411
28	2.5	2.5	2.5	36	0.125000	26.8	0.2462	0.015973
29	7.5	2.5	2.5	36	0.208333	27.2	0.4668	0.019013
30	12.5	2.5	2.5	36	0.291667	28.8	0.5869	0.020596
31	2.5	7.5	2.5	36	0.208333	26.8	0.6606	0.019694
32	7.5	7.5	2.5	36	0.291667	28.4	0.3939	0.021778
33	12.5	7.5	2.5	36	0.375000	29.2	0.6031	0.017685
34	2.5	12.5	2.5	36	0.291667	28.6	0.5454	0.023150
35	7.5	12.5	2.5	36	0.375000	31.1	0.7081	0.016902
36	12.5	12.5	2.5	36	0.458333	33.7	0.7630	0.019591
37	2.5	2.5	7.5	36	0.208333	27.1	0.5199	0.021292
38	7.5	2.5	7.5	36	0.291667	27.3	0.4634	0.018824
39	12.5	2.5	7.5	36	0.375000	31.8	0.5669	0.018619
40	2.5	7.5	7.5	36	0.291667	28.2	0.5400	0.019219
41	7.5	7.5	7.5	36	0.375000	30.3	0.7927	0.020504
42	12.5	7.5	7.5	36	0.458333	32.1	0.6227	0.020407
43	2.5	12.5	7.5	36	0.375000	30.3	0.4976	0.020957
44	7.5	12.5	7.5	36	0.458333	32.8	0.6300	0.020682
45	12.5	12.5	7.5	36	0.541667	33.8	0.8014	0.018479
46	2.5	2.5	12.5	36	0.291667	28.7	0.5205	0.020585
47	7.5	2.5	12.5	36	0.375000	31.1	0.5642	0.016524
48	12.5	2.5	12.5	36	0.458333	33.5	0.7250	0.021827
49	2.5	7.5	12.5	36	0.375000	33.7	1.1370	0.017167
50	7.5	7.5	12.5	36	0.458333	32.2	0.5482	0.018571
51	12.5	7.5	12.5	36	0.541667	34.2	0.8794	0.018630
52	2.5	12.5	12.5	36	0.458333	34.1	1.3452	0.018808
53	7.5	12.5	12.5	36	0.541667	33.6	0.9299	0.022351
54	12.5	12.5	12.5	36	0.625000	35.4	0.9096	0.023992
55	2.5	2.5	2.5	72	0.125000	26.2	0.3001	0.041008
56	7.5	2.5	2.5	72	0.208333	26.7	0.3742	0.046310
57	12.5	2.5	2.5	72	0.291667	29.0	0.5135	0.046926
58	2.5	7.5	2.5	72	0.208333	26.7	0.4392	0.049216
59	7.5	7.5	2.5	72	0.291667	28.4	0.4938	0.051646
60	12.5	7.5	2.5	72	0.375000	30.1	0.4827	0.039182
61	2.5	12.5	2.5	72	0.291667	28.4	0.4117	0.039064
62	7.5	12.5	2.5	72	0.375000	30.4	0.4655	0.043211
63	12.5	12.5	2.5	72	0.458333	32.7	0.7315	0.044064
64	2.5	2.5	7.5	72	0.208333	27.5	0.6321	0.041278
65	7.5	2.5	7.5	72	0.291667	27.6	0.4295	0.044345
66	12.5	2.5	7.5	72	0.375000	30.0	0.5010	0.048924
67	2.5	7.5	7.5	72	0.291667	27.9	0.4536	0.047855
68	7.5	7.5	7.5	72	0.375000	29.7	0.3648	0.037930
69	12.5	7.5	7.5	72	0.458333	32.7	0.7269	0.037552
70	2.5	12.5	7.5	72	0.375000	30.4	0.7312	0.044539
71	7.5	12.5	7.5	72	0.458333	31.9	0.7326	0.045144
72	12.5	12.5	7.5	72	0.541667	34.1	0.7250	0.042120
73	2.5	2.5	12.5	72	0.291667	29.0	0.5479	0.054475
74	7.5	2.5	12.5	72	0.375000	31.1	0.6193	0.047423
75	12.5	2.5	12.5	72	0.458333	34.4	1.1914	0.040241
76	2.5	7.5	12.5	72	0.375000	31.3	0.5785	0.052909
77	7.5	7.5	12.5	72	0.458333	33.3	0.8902	0.049464
78	12.5	7.5	12.5	72	0.541667	35.9	1.0829	0.049399
79	2.5	12.5	12.5	72	0.458333	33.3	0.7716	0.055804
80	7.5	12.5	12.5	72	0.541667	35.6	1.0460	0.044712
81	12.5	12.5	12.5	72	0.625000	36.9	1.0378	0.052693

Parameter	I₁(A)	I₂(A)	I₃(A)	Q (mL·min^-1)	∆SOC	T_max(K)	TSD (K)	W (J)
Predicted data	12.5	12.5	5.0	36	0.5	33.268	0.725872	0.019196
Experimental validation	12.5	12.5	5.0	36	0.5	32.800	0.680500	0.017502