人居环境建设与乡村发展及振兴密切相关，是当前我国农村现代化建设实践中的一项重要任务。构建多元且科学的东北地区乡村人居环境发展体系，事关区域内广大农民的健康和福祉，有助于东北全面振兴战略在新时期稳步推进。本文从建筑学、地理学、社会学、经济学、环境学等基础学科视域出发，辨识了人居环境科学的学理基础，提出了东北地区乡村人居环境发展体系理论框架，构建了东北地区乡村人居环境系统。研究认为，统筹产业引擎导向的布局规划、完善“农业 ‒ 生态”人居载体，强化功能适配导向的模式赋能、建设“梯级 ‒ 分型”人居系统，推行精明收缩导向的空间重配、构建“集约化中心 ‒ 适应性边缘”人居格局，是东北地区乡村人居环境的主导发展路径。为此建议，在匹配多序结构的生产环境“人群 ‒ 产业 ‒ 空间”规划体系、适应地方发展条件的生活环境“规划 ‒ 建造 ‒ 保障”建设体系、多级联动的生态环境“保护 ‒ 监督 ‒ 激励”利用体系、适应多元主体需求的文化环境“传承 ‒ 拓展 ‒ 夯实”治理体系等方面采取行动，精准提升东北地区乡村人居环境。

The construction of human settlement environment is closely related to rural development and is an important task in the current rural modernization practice in China. Building a diversified and scientific development system for rural human settlements in Northeast China is crucial for the health and well-being of rural residents. It can effectively support the steady revitalization of Northeast China in the new era. Starting from the perspective of basic disciplines such as architecture, geography, sociology, economics, and environmental studies, this study identifies the theoretical basis of human settlements science, proposes a theoretical framework for the development system of rural human settlements in Northeast China, and establishes the rural human settlements system. The study believes that the dominant development paths for the rural human settlements in Northeast China are: coordinating the industrial layout planning to improve the "agriculture-ecology" human settlement carrier, strengthening the functional adaptation model empowerment to build a "ladder-type" human settlement system, and promoting smart contraction spatial reallocation to construct an "intensive center-adaptive edge" human settlement pattern. To this end, it is recommended to establish a resident‒industry‒space planning system for the production environment to match the multi-order structure, a living environment planning‒construction‒guarantee system that adapts to local development conditions, an ecological environment protection‒supervision‒incentive system that is linked at multiple levels, and a governance system for cultural environment inheritance‒expansion‒consolidation that caters to the needs of multiple subjects, to improve the rural human settlements in Northeast China accurately.