森林生态保护与可持续经营是生态文明建设的关键支撑，通过科学经营、科技赋能、制度创新，将森林资源转化为驱动经济高质量发展的生态引擎，也是我国森林生态保护与林业高质量发展的实际需求。本文辨识了森林生态保护与可持续经营协调发展的内涵，剖析了我国森林生态保护与经营的基本特征，研判了森林经营存在结构性矛盾与系统性难题、野生动植物保护遭遇复合型威胁、林业病虫害防治承受多重压力、森林火灾防控凸显极端天气与管理困境、林业遗产保护遭受制度约束与路径障碍、林业高新技术体系制约与落地障碍并存等挑战。研究建议，协调发展森林经营理论、技术与制度，构建森林质量精准提升的现代化经营体系；基于生态连通性理论，建设多级生态廊道与保护网络；建立林业有害生物生态防控体系，筑牢农林生物安全屏障；融合智慧防火与闭环防御策略，强化森林火灾综合防控体系；制定分级保护与多维协同管理机制，创新林业遗产科学保护与价值开发；融合全要素感知与人工智能决策模型，构建森林资源全域智能监测体系，统筹推进中国特色现代化森林生态保护与可持续经营体系。

Forest conservation and sustainable management serve as crucial pillars for ecol-civilization. By scientific management, technological empowerment, and institutional innovation, forest resources can be transformed into an ecological engine driving high-quality economic development. This is also a practical necessity for forest ecology conservation and the high-quality development of China's forestry sector. This study identifies the implications of synergistic forest conservation and sustainable management, analyzes the fundamental characteristics of forest conservation and management in China, and elucidates several challenges such as structural contradictions and systemic issues in forest management, compound threats to wildlife protection, multiple pressures on forestry pest control, intensified wildfire prevention due to extreme weather and management constraints, institutional barriers and path obstacles in forestry heritage protection, and coexistence of technological constraints and practical bottlenecks in the development of advanced forestry technologies. To address these challenges, six key strategies are proposed: (1) promoting the coordinated development of forest management theories, technologies, and institutions to establish a modern system for precise forest quality improvement; (2) building multi-level ecological corridors and protection networks based on the ecological connectivity theory; (3) establishing an ecological pest-control system to strengthen biosecurity in agriculture and forestry; (4) integrating intelligent fire prevention with closed-loop defense strategies to enhance the wildfire prevention system; (5) formulating a tiered protection and multidimensional collaborative management mechanism to innovate scientific conservation and value development in forestry heritages; and (6) integrating full-factor sensing with artificial intelligence decision-making models to construct an intelligent monitoring system for forest resources. These measures aim to build a modern forest conservation and sustainable management system with Chinese characteristics.