花卉种质资源是花卉产业高质量发展的战略基础，是践行美丽中国与生态文明理念的重要组成部分。种质资源是花卉育种的物质源头，而品种创新则是发展现代花卉产业的根基，因此梳理我国花卉种质资源与新品种选育研究进展并总结分析其未来发展方向具有重大意义。本文系统总结了近20年来我国花卉种质资源在收集保存、评价利用以及新品种选育等方面的主要进展，分析了当前面临的主要挑战并提出未来发展建议。研究发现，我国花卉种质资源在资源调查、分子评价与功能基因挖掘等方面取得了显著成果；在花卉新品种选育方面，自主培育花卉新品种的市场占有率不断提升。但是仍面临种质资源收集系统性不足、深度评价覆盖有限、育种权益保护机制不完善及部分新品种依赖进口等挑战。未来建议应进一步加强全国花卉资源普查与保存体系建设，推动分子育种技术研发与产业化应用，完善新品种保护体系，深化“产学研”协同机制，拓展花卉用途多样性，为我国花卉种业高质量与可持续发展提供坚实支撑。

Floral germplasm resources constitute the strategic foundation for the high-quality development of the flower industry and represent a key component in advancing the vision of Beautiful China and ecological civilization. Germplasm resources provide the material source for flower breeding, while variety innovation serves as the cornerstone for developing a modern flower industry. Therefore, it is of great significance to review the progress in research on flower germplasm resources and new variety breeding in China and to summarize and analyze future development directions. This study summarizes major advances over the past two decades in the collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, and new variety breeding of flower germplasm resources in China, analyzes current challenges, and proposes recommendations for future development. This study reveals that remarkable achievements have been made in resource investigation, molecular evaluation, and functional gene mining of floral germplasm resources. In terms of new variety breeding, the market share of independently developed flower varieties continues to grow. However, challenges remain, including insufficient systematic collection of germplasm resources, limited coverage of in-depth evaluation, inadequate protection of breeding rights, and reliance on imports for certain new varieties. For the future, it is recommended to further strengthen the national survey and preservation system for floral resources, promote the development and industrial application of molecular breeding technologies, improve the new variety protection system, and deepen industry–academia–research collaboration mechanisms, so as to provide a solid support for the high-quality and sustainable development of China's floral seed industry.