人工智能驱动的算力基础设施能效优化技术现状及展望
AI-Enabled Energy-Efficiency Optimization for Computing Infrastructure: State of the Art and Future Directions
人工智能(AI)推动算力需求持续增长,也使算力基础设施能耗压力与运行成本约束更为突出,以硬件节能、静态策略为主的传统优化方式难以满足复杂运行环境下的能效治理需求。本文围绕AI驱动的算力基础设施能效优化技术,从基础设施层、调度与运行层、跨系统协同层3个维度出发系统梳理了相关研究进展。在基础设施层,总结了能效与碳效评价指标体系、能耗与热行为建模方法、冷却系统智能控制等关键技术,讨论了全生命周期评价在算力场景中的应用拓展。在调度与运行层,归纳了基于负载与能耗预测、强化学习与多目标决策的资源调度及功率管理方法,强调在满足服务质量约束前提下实现能耗、性能、碳排放的综合权衡。在跨系统协同层,综述了碳信号感知调度、跨地域算力迁移、算力与能源系统联动优化的研究与工程实践,指出仿真验证、分阶段上线、对照评估对相关策略落地的重要作用。进一步,从数据与模型可信性系统稳定性与可控性、评测标准与可验证体系、工程经济性与政策机制协同等方面归纳了AI驱动的算力基础设施能效优化技术挑战,展望了从芯片到系统的一体化能效管理、能碳协同调度框架、边缘与分布式算力能效治理、标准化评价体系建设实验仿真与工程实践融合等未来方向,作为算力基础设施能效优化研究和应用的系统性构思与参考。
The continued growth of computing demand driven by artificial intelligence (AI) has intensified energy consumption pressures and operating cost constraints in computing infrastructure. Conventional approaches dominated by hardware-level energy saving and static policies are increasingly insufficient for energy-efficiency governance under complex and dynamic operating conditions. This study reviews the research progress in AI-enabled energy-efficiency optimization for computing infrastructure from three perspectives: infrastructure layer, scheduling and operating layer, as well as cross-system coordination layer. At the infrastructure layer, we summarize key techniques including energy- and carbon-efficiency metric systems, power and thermal behavior modeling, and intelligent cooling control, and analyze the extension of life-cycle assessment to computing scenarios. At the scheduling and operating layer, we review resource scheduling and power management methods based on workload and energy prediction, reinforcement learning, and multi-objective decision making, emphasizing integrated trade-offs among energy consumption, performance, and carbon emissions under service-quality constraints. At the cross-system coordination layer, we survey research and engineering practices on carbon-signal-aware scheduling, cross-region workload migration, and coordinated optimization between computing and energy systems, highlighting the importance of simulation-based validation, phased rollout, and controlled comparisons for practical deployment. Furthermore, we summarize major challenges related to data and model trustworthiness, system stability and controllability, evaluation standards and verifiable benchmarking, and techno-economic considerations and policy coordination. Finally, we outline future directions including chip-to-system integrated energy-efficiency management, energy‒carbon co-optimization frameworks, energy-efficiency governance for edge and distributed computing, development of standardized evaluation frameworks, and integration between simulation and engineering practices, thereby providing a systematic reference for research and deployment of energy-efficiency optimization in computing infrastructure.
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国家自然科学基金项目(72088101)
中国工程院咨询项目“新一代信息技术赋能的数字生态文明建设战略研究”(2023-JB-09)
湘江实验室项目(24XJ01001)
湘江实验室项目(23XJ01002)
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