无人集群的涌现智能可靠性研究:技术挑战与未来发展
张悦 , 任羿 , 齐雨昕 , 向瑞丰 , 万陈酉 , 杨德真 , 王自力
中国工程科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4) : 152 -169.
无人集群的涌现智能可靠性研究:技术挑战与未来发展
Reliability of Emergent Intelligence in Unmanned Swarms: Technical Challenges and Future Development
无人集群涌现智能作为新一代人工智能的核心前沿,通过仿生自组织与局部交互实现高效协同与智能增强,在军事与民用领域展现出巨大潜力,而涌现带来的可靠性新问题仍是制约其使用效能的关键瓶颈。本文以无人集群系统从功能实现向可靠涌现演进的实际需求为导向,在系统分析跨层级耦合特性的基础上,结合复杂动态环境下的多重约束,梳理了在通信、感知和行为等层面涌现出的可靠性问题与技术挑战。基于“信息通信 ‒ 感知交互 ‒ 群体行为”的三层分析框架,系统构建了涌现智能可靠性的研究体系,并进一步从内在机理探索、涌现指标评估、系统可靠性分析层面逐层推进,提出了“理论建模 ‒ 机制设计 ‒ 评估验证”的涌现智能的可靠性系统工程新范式,为复杂任务场景下智能无人集群的规模化可靠应用提供系统性理论、技术支撑与工程解决方案参考。
As a core frontier of next-generation artificial intelligence, emergent intelligence in unmanned swarms achieves efficient collaboration and intelligent enhancement through biomimetic self-organization and local interactions, demonstrating significant potentials in both military and civilian domains. However, the reliability issues arising from emergence remain a critical bottleneck limiting its operational effectiveness. Guided by the practical need for unmanned swarm systems to evolve from functional realization to reliable emergence, this study analyzes their cross-layer coupling characteristics. Considering multiple constraints in complex dynamic environments, it outlines the emergent reliability issues and technical challenges across communication, perception, and behavioral layers. Based on a three-layer analytical framework of "information communication‒perceptual interaction‒swarm behavior", this study constructs a research system for the reliability of emergent intelligence. Furthermore, it progressively advances from exploring intrinsic mechanisms and evaluating emergence metrics to analyzing system reliability, proposing a new paradigm of reliability systems engineering for emergent intelligence, characterized by "theoretical modeling‒mechanism design‒evaluation and verification". This provides systematic theoretical, technical support and engineering solution references for the large-scale, reliable application of intelligent unmanned swarms in complex mission scenarios.
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中国工程院咨询项目“低空经济下的电磁安全研究”(2025-JZ-11)
国家自然科学基金项目(72601001)
国家自然科学基金项目(U25B20238)
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