跨域异构无人集群智能协同技术发展研究
黄瑞怡 , 贺宏伟 , 华和安 , 邓堡元 , 井安言 , 王耀南
中国工程科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4) : 132 -151.
跨域异构无人集群智能协同技术发展研究
Development of Intelligent Collaborative Technologies for Cross-Domain Heterogeneous Unmanned Swarms
无人集群在“空天地海潜”多维空间加速应用,跨域异构无人集群智能协同技术成为未来无人系统技术发展的制高点。本文梳理了空中、地面、水域、跨域异构等无人集群的典型应用场景及国内外发展布局情况,凝练出跨域异构无人集群智能协同关键技术体系,涉及跨域通信与网络架构(含跨域集群有线与无线通信、集群动态自组网架构),跨域协同感知与信息融合(含异构数据处理与时空配准、分布式信息融合架构),跨域协同决策与任务规划(含任务分解与模型化表示、异构资源分配与动态重规划、博弈决策对抗),跨域协同控制与编队(含协同控制律设计与异构动力学、跨域编队保持与队形切换、群体一致性与稳定性分析),群体智能与涌现行为(含行为规则建模与局部交互机制,集群认知、学习和高级涌现)。进一步辨识了跨域通信资源受限、统一态势认知融合难、协同决策可解释性差、异构动力学控制稳定性不足、涌现行为动态调控难等核心挑战。面向未来,可沿着个体智能增强、集群体系进化两条发展主线,重点突破高可靠、自适应的跨域通信网络技术,增强集群边缘智能,深化集群任务驱动的自组织与涌现机制研究,构建具备学习和演化能力的自主协同与集群智能决策体系。相关内容为构建高自主性、标准化的跨域智能协同体系提供了基础方案,有助于未来无人系统领域的理论发展、技术突破和工程实践。
With the accelerated application of unmanned swarms to multidimensional domains such as space, air, ground, sea, and underwater, intelligent collaborative technologies for cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned swarms have emerged as a focal point for future unmanned systems. This study analyzes the research status as well as domestic and international development trends of typical application scenarios, including aerial, ground, aquatic, and cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned swarms. Subsequently, it summarizes core technologies of cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned swarms. These technologies involve cross-domain communication and network architectures (including cross-domain swarms wired and wireless communication, and dynamic ad-hoc network architecture), cross-domain collaborative perception and information fusion (including heterogeneous data processing and spatiotemporal registration, and distributed information fusion architecture), cross-domain collaborative decision-making and task planning (including task decomposition and model-based representation, heterogeneous resource allocation and dynamic re-planning, and game-theoretic decision-making and confrontation), cross-domain collaborative control and formation (including cooperative control law design and heterogeneous dynamics, cross-domain formation keeping and formation switching, and swarm consensus and stability analysis), as well as swarm intelligence and emergent behaviors (including behavioral rule modeling and local interaction mechanisms, and swarm cognition, learning, and higher-level emergence). Moreover, major technical bottlenecks are identified, namely constrained cross-domain communication resources, difficulties in information fusion for situational awareness, weak interpretability of cooperative decisions, insufficient stability of heterogeneous dynamic control, and challenges in dynamic regulation of emergent behaviors. Additionally, from the perspectives of individual intelligence enhancement and swarm system evolution, this study highlights the importance of breakthroughs in highly reliable and adaptive cross-domain communication networks, improvement in swarm edge intelligence, in-depth research on task-driven self-organization and emergence mechanisms of swarms, as well as construction of autonomous collaboration and swarm intelligent decision-making systems with learning and evolutionary capabilities. This study aims to provide solutions for building a highly autonomous and standardized cross-domain intelligent collaborative system, and contribute to the theoretical development, technological breakthroughs, and engineering implementation in future unmanned systems.
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中国工程院咨询项目“跨域无人集群协同探测系统研讨”(2025-XS-6)
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20250179)
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