我国智能造船装备及产业化发展研究
樊宇薇 , 薛鸿祥 , 林忠钦 , 方梅 , 张延松 , 胡小才 , 陈震
中国工程科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4) : 278 -293.
我国智能造船装备及产业化发展研究
Intelligent Shipbuilding Equipment and Industrialization in China
全球造船业正在经历以数字化、网络化、智能化为标志的深刻变革,发展智能造船装备并推动产业化发展是建设制造强国和海洋强国的关键支撑与核心路径。本文辨析了智能造船装备及产业化发展的基本概念和重大价值,总结了设计/制造/管理一体化,新一代信息技术的系统性融合,绿色化、柔性化、协同化发展等国际趋势,从供应链自主化取得进展、产业生态向多元协同演进两方面厘清了国内现状。针对基础技术能力、智能设备供给能力、产线系统集成能力,系统梳理了我国智能造船装备及产业化发展的基础条件,辨识了装备本体、系统集成、产业生态、船厂应用等层面的发展挑战。进一步论证了智能造船装备及产业化发展的“两步走”战略目标和相应的重点任务,阐述了船体建造、舾装、涂装三大工艺环节的技术发展主攻方向,提出了先行工序的自动化改造、关键工序的机器人替代与柔性升级、系统集成与数字孪生应用等大型船厂智能造船装备的三阶段应用路径。可从装备供应商转型、造船企业主导升级、产业生态与政策支持、标准体系与人才支撑等方面协同发力,精准推动我国智能造船装备及产业化的高质量发展。
The global shipbuilding industry is undergoing a profound transformation characterized by digitalization, networking, and intelligence. Developing intelligent shipbuilding equipment and advancing its industrialization are crucial for boosting China's strength in manufacturing and marine development. This study clarifies the basic concept and strategic value of intelligent shipbuilding equipment and its industrialization, and summarizes international trends, including the integration of design, manufacturing, and management; systemic integration of next-generation information technologies; and shift toward green, flexible, and collaborative development. It also sorts out the current domestic development status from two dimensions: progress in supply chain localization, and evolution of the industrial ecosystem toward diversified collaboration. Focusing on basic technological capabilities, intelligent equipment supply capabilities, and production line system integration capabilities, the study reviews the foundational conditions for the development of intelligent shipbuilding equipment and its industrialization in China, and identifies development challenges at four levels: equipment capabilities, system integration, industrial ecosystem, and shipyard application. Furthermore, the study elaborates on the two-step strategic goals and corresponding key tasks, expounds on the main technological development directions for the three major links of hull construction, outfitting, and coating, and proposes a three-stage application path for intelligent shipbuilding equipment in large shipyards: automation retrofitting of preceding processes, robotic replacement and flexible upgrading of key processes, and system integration with digital twin applications. Concerted efforts should be made from four aspects: transformation of equipment suppliers, shipbuilding enterprise-led upgrades, industrial ecosystem and policy support, as well as standards system and talent support, so as to precisely promote the high-quality development of intelligent shipbuilding equipment and its industrialization in China.
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