面向美丽中国建设的生活垃圾填埋场差异化治理研究
吕溥 , 刘丽丽 , 张佳佳 , 刘懿颉 , 何品晶 , 杜祥琬 , 郝吉明 , 李金惠
中国工程科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4) : 206 -217.
面向美丽中国建设的生活垃圾填埋场差异化治理研究
Differentiated Governance of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills for Building a Beautiful China
在生活垃圾处理体系由末端填埋向减量化、资源化和系统治理转型的背景下,生活垃圾填埋场存量治理需求逐步凸显,但不同区域、不同类型填埋场在环境风险、治理目标和实施条件方面存在显著差异。本文系统梳理了我国生活垃圾填埋场的发展演变、空间分布特征、治理政策演进和治理方式,分析了不同区域、不同类型填埋场的治理约束及其差异化需求。研究认为,生活垃圾填埋场治理需统筹区域差异、类型差异与发展阶段差异,单纯依赖“一场一策”难以满足国家层面的治理统筹要求。研究建议,立足区域差异,优化治理重点与资源配置;强化分类施策,实现治理路径与场地类型的精准匹配;探索提出“生活垃圾填埋场污染物动态补偿”理念,推动区域填埋体系环境负荷的整体下降,为我国生活垃圾填埋场治理政策优化和差异化治理体系完善提供参考。
With the municipal solid waste treatment system shifting from end-of-pipe landfilling to reduction, resource recycling, and systematic governance, the demand for managing existing municipal solid waste landfills becomes increasingly prominent. However, significant differences exist among landfills in different regions and of various types in terms of environmental risks, governance objectives, and implementation conditions. This study reviews the developmental trajectory, spatial distribution patterns, evolution of governance policies, and governance approaches of municipal solid waste landfills in China, and analyzes the governance constraints and differentiated needs of landfills across different regions and types. The study suggests that the governance of municipal solid waste landfills should take into account regional differences, type-specific differences, and differences in development stages. Relying solely on the "one landfill, one policy" approach is insufficient to meet the requirements of national-level coordinated governance. Accordingly, this study recommends optimizing governance priorities and resource allocation based on regional differences, strengthening tailored measures to achieve precise matching between governance pathways and landfill types, and exploring the concept of "dynamic compensation of pollutants in municipal solid waste landfills" to promote an overall reduction in the environmental load of regional landfill systems. The findings can provide a reference for optimizing China's municipal solid waste landfill governance policies and improving its differentiated governance system.
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